船舶全寿期绿色技术若干问题的研究
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摘要
绿色船舶是一个贯穿于新船的设计、建造、营运船舶的航行、到港和码头装卸、老龄船的改建、报废船的拆解等全寿期的综合概念,它对大气、土壤和水等环境的危害最小,资源消耗最少。绿色船舶具有先进的技术性、良好的经济性及友好的环保性,它的最大特点是把节能环保的精髓体现在船舶的设计、建造、营运、拆解等各方面,并不断运用先进的环保技术来提高船舶的绿色度。
本文以节能减排、保护环境为出发点,主要探讨了绿色船舶的设计、建造、营运、拆解等全生命周期。提出了绿色船舶设计内容,在设计时优化船舶结构布置、选择绿色材料、动力设备,是实现绿色船舶的关键。本文还以6800DWT级江海联运多用途货船为研究对象,对该系列浅吃水肥大船型的双尾鳍线型优化、球首线型选择、节能附件配备及节能型压载水系统设计进行深入的研究,为以后开发绿色环保船型打下坚实的基础。
船舶的绿色建造应注重环保型舱室保温材料、绿色焊接材料、无毒无害环保涂料等绿色材料的选择使用。良好的生产设计及船舶绿色加工、绿色焊接和绿色涂装工艺有助于提高作业效率,减少资源浪费。最后探讨PSPC的主要内容,实施IMO PSPC的涂层标准,PSPC的执行情况及目前实施PSPC标准面临的主要问题。
针对IMO提出的船舶能效运营指数进行研究,并对该公式的适用范围、CO2排放因子进行分析,并导出集装箱船EEOI的估算公式。根据收集6艘典型远洋集装箱船舶的数据,计算每艘船的EEOI,重点分析集装箱船的船型、机型、航速、装箱率、航程和停泊时间因子对船舶EEOI的影响。进而对接触氧化法处理船舶生活污水和选择性催化还原法(SCR)处理柴油机排放污染物的效果进行研究。
分析绿色拆船的重要性,防止拆船污染环境的措施,拆船产生的污染物及其危害,清除污染物的绿色工艺及拆船的先后顺序及拆解工艺等。
Green ship is a comprehensive concept that throughout new ship design, construction, operation of ships sailing to the port and terminal handling, aging ship conversion, ship dismantling scrapped.Green Ship have the least harmful to environment of atmosphere, soil and water,its consumer least of resources.Green ship with the advanced technical,good economy and friendly environmental protection, its most important energy saving feature is the essence of the ship is reflected in the design, construction, operation, demolition and other areas, and continue the use of advanced environmental technology to improve the ship's green degrees.
In this paper, energy saving and environmental protection as a starting point to investigate the green ship design, construction, operation, dismantling the whole life cycle. And put forward the content of green ship design, ship structural optimization in the design layout, select green materials, power equipment, which is the key to achieving the green ship.This article choose 6800DWT class of river transport vessel as the study purpose, the series of shallow draft ship Two fin mast linear optimization, the bulbous's line choice, energy saving and energy-saving attachments with ballast water system design in-depth study for the future development of green hull form and lay a solid foundation.
Ship-builting should pay attention to environment-friendly green spaces construction insulation material, green solder materials, non-toxic green paint and other choose to use green materials. Good production design and processing of marine green, green coating process and welding,which is helpful to improve operational efficiency and reduce waste of resources.Finally, we discuss the main contents of PSPC, the implementation of the standard coating IMO PSPC, PSPC and the current implementation of standards for the implementation of the main problems facing PSPC.
Study the scope of the operation index of energy efficiency,the equation and CO2 emission factor for analysis, and export the EEOI estimation formula of container ship. Based on the collected six ocean-going container vessels typical data, calculate each vessel EEOI, analyzed the factors,which are container ships, model, speed, packing rates, range and time,have impact on the EEOI of Ships.In addition to the contact oxidation process by sewage from ships and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) processing engine to study the effects of pollutants discharged.
And elaborate the importance of green ship recycling, measures to prevent environmental pollution scrapping, scrapping generated pollutants and their hazards, the order and green technology of removal the pollutants, ship-breaking and dismantling and crafts.
本文以节能减排、保护环境为出发点,主要探讨了绿色船舶的设计、建造、营运、拆解等全生命周期。提出了绿色船舶设计内容,在设计时优化船舶结构布置、选择绿色材料、动力设备,是实现绿色船舶的关键。本文还以6800DWT级江海联运多用途货船为研究对象,对该系列浅吃水肥大船型的双尾鳍线型优化、球首线型选择、节能附件配备及节能型压载水系统设计进行深入的研究,为以后开发绿色环保船型打下坚实的基础。
船舶的绿色建造应注重环保型舱室保温材料、绿色焊接材料、无毒无害环保涂料等绿色材料的选择使用。良好的生产设计及船舶绿色加工、绿色焊接和绿色涂装工艺有助于提高作业效率,减少资源浪费。最后探讨PSPC的主要内容,实施IMO PSPC的涂层标准,PSPC的执行情况及目前实施PSPC标准面临的主要问题。
针对IMO提出的船舶能效运营指数进行研究,并对该公式的适用范围、CO2排放因子进行分析,并导出集装箱船EEOI的估算公式。根据收集6艘典型远洋集装箱船舶的数据,计算每艘船的EEOI,重点分析集装箱船的船型、机型、航速、装箱率、航程和停泊时间因子对船舶EEOI的影响。进而对接触氧化法处理船舶生活污水和选择性催化还原法(SCR)处理柴油机排放污染物的效果进行研究。
分析绿色拆船的重要性,防止拆船污染环境的措施,拆船产生的污染物及其危害,清除污染物的绿色工艺及拆船的先后顺序及拆解工艺等。
Green ship is a comprehensive concept that throughout new ship design, construction, operation of ships sailing to the port and terminal handling, aging ship conversion, ship dismantling scrapped.Green Ship have the least harmful to environment of atmosphere, soil and water,its consumer least of resources.Green ship with the advanced technical,good economy and friendly environmental protection, its most important energy saving feature is the essence of the ship is reflected in the design, construction, operation, demolition and other areas, and continue the use of advanced environmental technology to improve the ship's green degrees.
In this paper, energy saving and environmental protection as a starting point to investigate the green ship design, construction, operation, dismantling the whole life cycle. And put forward the content of green ship design, ship structural optimization in the design layout, select green materials, power equipment, which is the key to achieving the green ship.This article choose 6800DWT class of river transport vessel as the study purpose, the series of shallow draft ship Two fin mast linear optimization, the bulbous's line choice, energy saving and energy-saving attachments with ballast water system design in-depth study for the future development of green hull form and lay a solid foundation.
Ship-builting should pay attention to environment-friendly green spaces construction insulation material, green solder materials, non-toxic green paint and other choose to use green materials. Good production design and processing of marine green, green coating process and welding,which is helpful to improve operational efficiency and reduce waste of resources.Finally, we discuss the main contents of PSPC, the implementation of the standard coating IMO PSPC, PSPC and the current implementation of standards for the implementation of the main problems facing PSPC.
Study the scope of the operation index of energy efficiency,the equation and CO2 emission factor for analysis, and export the EEOI estimation formula of container ship. Based on the collected six ocean-going container vessels typical data, calculate each vessel EEOI, analyzed the factors,which are container ships, model, speed, packing rates, range and time,have impact on the EEOI of Ships.In addition to the contact oxidation process by sewage from ships and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) processing engine to study the effects of pollutants discharged.
And elaborate the importance of green ship recycling, measures to prevent environmental pollution scrapping, scrapping generated pollutants and their hazards, the order and green technology of removal the pollutants, ship-breaking and dismantling and crafts.
引文
[1]IMO.2000. Study of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from ships. MEPC 45/8.
[2]刘万鹤.船舶管理[M].大连：大连海事大学出版社,2000
[3]张圣坤,韩争.我国船舶工业的技术水平分析[J].140周年厂庆学术报告会论文集,江南造船(集团)有限责任公司,2005
[4]蔡薇.绿色船舶机理、指标体系、绿色度及船舶大气污染算法研究[D].武汉.武汉理工大学,2004
[5]张跃.走新型工业化道路,建设资源节约和绿色环保型企业[J].上海造船.2007.02期,总第70期：52-54页
[6]Eide, M., Endresen,Φ., Skjong, R., Longva, T. and Alvik, S.2009. "Cost-effectiveness assessment of CO2-reducing measures in shipping". Submitted to Maritime Policy & Management.
[7]蔡洙一,关英华.“中国大连型”的绿色设计与建造[[J].中国船检,2010
[8]AltieE, BurnsM, etal.Implementation of an Improved Outfit Process Model[J]. Journal of Ship Production.2003(1).12-14.
[9]周熊.江海型船舶流体动力节能技术[[J].船舶节能.1996.03期：38-44页
[10]丁奉,孙培廷,等.实施“溢流法”更换压载水时船舶压载水泵设计[J].航海技术,2003,5
[11]International Maritime Organization. Reductions in emissions achieved by implementa-tion of MARPOL Annex VI, second IMO GHG study 2009 [R].London:IMO.2009.
[12]李碧英,陈实.船舶碳足迹计算,中国船检,2010.第10期：48-51页
[13]International Maritime Organization. Guidelines for voluntary use of the ship energy efficiency opearational Indicator(EEOI)[R].London:IMO.2009.
[14]ELNGK S.A. Green manufacturing[J].Society of Manufacturing Engineers.USA.1996. 213-225 P.
[15]赵正平.绿色船舶制造技术再探[J].广东造船.2007.03期,总第98期：7-13页
[16]李孝东.IMO PSPC简介及实施注意事项[[J].江苏船舶.2009.第26卷,第6期：35-37页
[17]实施IMO《所有类型船舶专用海水压载舱和散货船双舷侧处所保护涂层性能标准》暂行指南.中国船级社.2007
[18]International Maritime Organization.Prevention of air pollution from ships, second IMO GHG study 2009 [R].London:IMO.2009.
[19]International Maritime Organization.Technological and operational potential for reduction of emissions, second IMO GHG Study 2009[R].London:IMO.2009.
[20]Takashima, K., Kano, T. and Kobayashi, M.2008. "Energy saving operation for coastal ships based on precise environmental forecast". The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation.118:99-106.
[21]中远集装箱运输有限公司.2008年环境报告[R].上海：中远集运,2009.
[22]中华人民共和国交通部.中海发展股份有限公司货轮公司.树立节能减排理念,创新经济航速管理模式[R].北京：交通部,2007.
[23]DELFT C E.Greenhouse gas emissions for shipping and implementation guidance for the marine fuel sul-phur[R].Delft:CE Delft.2006.
[24]Angelika Kraft. Innovat iveWaste Water Treatment on Ships with theWABA GM embrane Bio-Reactor System [A]. Oldenburg i.O., Germany:Wastewater Treatment Techno logies for Ships[C].1998.
[25]Alan Smith. The Optimisation of Membrane Bio reactor Technology for Usein the Treatment of MarineWast Water [A]. B remerhaven:Ballast Water, Waste Water and Sewage Treatmenton Ship and in Ports[C].2001.
[26]荆纬.船舶生活污水处理系统优选方法的研究与应用[D].大连.大连海事大学,2010
[27]Alfredo Riva.Total Waste Water Management for ships[C].Oldenburg:Eule&Partners International Treatment Teehnologies Consulting.1998.
[28]Annex IV of MARPOL, Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships.Regulation2-9.
[29]Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide.2005. Diesel & Gas Turbine Publications.20855 Water town Road, Suite 220, Waukesha, WI 53186, USA.
[30]Kurok, C., Pawils, V., Brumm, H. and Gotze, H.J.2007. "Emission of particulate matter from marine diesel engines", presentation at IMO BLG WGAP2, Berlin 2007.
[31]CoCoS maintenance designed for maintenance excellence [EB/OL]. MAN B&W Diesel A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.2005.
[32]Report of the Marine Environment Protection Committee on its fifty-ninth session.2009
[33]绿色拆船通用规范.中华人民共和国物资管理行业标准.WB/T1022-2005
[34]陈强.论工艺流程优化与造船CIMS实施[C]. SWS第二届发展论坛论文集,2002
[35]廖华.拆船行业的污染与环境保护[[J].五邑大学学报(自然科学版)第19卷1期.2005年3月：73-78页
[36]绿色和平组织调查报告《销往亚洲的废钢和有毒废物--供拆解的废船Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ》.2006
[37]防止拆船污染环境技术导则及防污染拆船工艺程序.中国拆船协会
[38]2010--2015中国拆船业市场运行态势与投资前景咨询报告.中国调研报告网
[2]刘万鹤.船舶管理[M].大连：大连海事大学出版社,2000
[3]张圣坤,韩争.我国船舶工业的技术水平分析[J].140周年厂庆学术报告会论文集,江南造船(集团)有限责任公司,2005
[4]蔡薇.绿色船舶机理、指标体系、绿色度及船舶大气污染算法研究[D].武汉.武汉理工大学,2004
[5]张跃.走新型工业化道路,建设资源节约和绿色环保型企业[J].上海造船.2007.02期,总第70期：52-54页
[6]Eide, M., Endresen,Φ., Skjong, R., Longva, T. and Alvik, S.2009. "Cost-effectiveness assessment of CO2-reducing measures in shipping". Submitted to Maritime Policy & Management.
[7]蔡洙一,关英华.“中国大连型”的绿色设计与建造[[J].中国船检,2010
[8]AltieE, BurnsM, etal.Implementation of an Improved Outfit Process Model[J]. Journal of Ship Production.2003(1).12-14.
[9]周熊.江海型船舶流体动力节能技术[[J].船舶节能.1996.03期：38-44页
[10]丁奉,孙培廷,等.实施“溢流法”更换压载水时船舶压载水泵设计[J].航海技术,2003,5
[11]International Maritime Organization. Reductions in emissions achieved by implementa-tion of MARPOL Annex VI, second IMO GHG study 2009 [R].London:IMO.2009.
[12]李碧英,陈实.船舶碳足迹计算,中国船检,2010.第10期：48-51页
[13]International Maritime Organization. Guidelines for voluntary use of the ship energy efficiency opearational Indicator(EEOI)[R].London:IMO.2009.
[14]ELNGK S.A. Green manufacturing[J].Society of Manufacturing Engineers.USA.1996. 213-225 P.
[15]赵正平.绿色船舶制造技术再探[J].广东造船.2007.03期,总第98期：7-13页
[16]李孝东.IMO PSPC简介及实施注意事项[[J].江苏船舶.2009.第26卷,第6期：35-37页
[17]实施IMO《所有类型船舶专用海水压载舱和散货船双舷侧处所保护涂层性能标准》暂行指南.中国船级社.2007
[18]International Maritime Organization.Prevention of air pollution from ships, second IMO GHG study 2009 [R].London:IMO.2009.
[19]International Maritime Organization.Technological and operational potential for reduction of emissions, second IMO GHG Study 2009[R].London:IMO.2009.
[20]Takashima, K., Kano, T. and Kobayashi, M.2008. "Energy saving operation for coastal ships based on precise environmental forecast". The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation.118:99-106.
[21]中远集装箱运输有限公司.2008年环境报告[R].上海：中远集运,2009.
[22]中华人民共和国交通部.中海发展股份有限公司货轮公司.树立节能减排理念,创新经济航速管理模式[R].北京：交通部,2007.
[23]DELFT C E.Greenhouse gas emissions for shipping and implementation guidance for the marine fuel sul-phur[R].Delft:CE Delft.2006.
[24]Angelika Kraft. Innovat iveWaste Water Treatment on Ships with theWABA GM embrane Bio-Reactor System [A]. Oldenburg i.O., Germany:Wastewater Treatment Techno logies for Ships[C].1998.
[25]Alan Smith. The Optimisation of Membrane Bio reactor Technology for Usein the Treatment of MarineWast Water [A]. B remerhaven:Ballast Water, Waste Water and Sewage Treatmenton Ship and in Ports[C].2001.
[26]荆纬.船舶生活污水处理系统优选方法的研究与应用[D].大连.大连海事大学,2010
[27]Alfredo Riva.Total Waste Water Management for ships[C].Oldenburg:Eule&Partners International Treatment Teehnologies Consulting.1998.
[28]Annex IV of MARPOL, Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships.Regulation2-9.
[29]Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide.2005. Diesel & Gas Turbine Publications.20855 Water town Road, Suite 220, Waukesha, WI 53186, USA.
[30]Kurok, C., Pawils, V., Brumm, H. and Gotze, H.J.2007. "Emission of particulate matter from marine diesel engines", presentation at IMO BLG WGAP2, Berlin 2007.
[31]CoCoS maintenance designed for maintenance excellence [EB/OL]. MAN B&W Diesel A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.2005.
[32]Report of the Marine Environment Protection Committee on its fifty-ninth session.2009
[33]绿色拆船通用规范.中华人民共和国物资管理行业标准.WB/T1022-2005
[34]陈强.论工艺流程优化与造船CIMS实施[C]. SWS第二届发展论坛论文集,2002
[35]廖华.拆船行业的污染与环境保护[[J].五邑大学学报(自然科学版)第19卷1期.2005年3月：73-78页
[36]绿色和平组织调查报告《销往亚洲的废钢和有毒废物--供拆解的废船Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ》.2006
[37]防止拆船污染环境技术导则及防污染拆船工艺程序.中国拆船协会
[38]2010--2015中国拆船业市场运行态势与投资前景咨询报告.中国调研报告网