厌氧消化残余物处置研究
|
摘要
在国内,随着大型厌氧反应器的增加,排放的厌氧消化残余物(即沼渣、沼液)的处置也将成为一个亟待解决的问题,而国内在对于厌氧残余物的利用和处置上管理不是很规范,随着大型化规模化的趋势,厌氧残余物必须有规范的管理和过程监督。大中型沼气工程在运行过程中产生的沼渣量虽然不是很多,但是其中有机物含量高,可能含有重金属和各种病原菌。如果不进行妥善的处理,将其随意堆放,必然会产生二次污染。
本课题主要是分析具有代表性的暗河式厌氧沼气池消化残余物的性质,根据我国现实情况设计了一套沼渣沼液资源化技术工艺,作为大型厌氧发酵产沼的一种后续处理技术工艺,为大型厌氧发酵产沼技术在我国的推广应用做了技术性支持和基础性研究。通过沉淀池对沼渣沼液进行分离,沼渣中含有50%以上的有机质,还可能含有难降解有机物和病原菌,对得到的沼渣进行堆肥预处理5天或者机械破碎预处理10min,并在发酵的最佳参数条件下:温度为55℃、C/N为20、总固体含量TS为10%的情况下进行再发酵,可以达到最佳的产气。即达到了沼渣的无害化、资源化、减量化和稳定化的目的。
沼液是一种高浓度的有机废水,COD约为400mg/l以上,其中可能含有重金属离子和难降解有机物,具有很强的刺激性气味。如果随意排放,会引起严重的环境污染,在实验中利用膨化有机吸附材料丰富孔网结构的特性,沼液中的各种污染物通过膨化生物质吸附材料的孔网被拦截吸附。一级吸附塔的吸附周期为5天左右,二级吸附塔的吸附周期为10天左右,生物质两级吸附塔对沼液中各项污染指标的去除率分别为:SS为50.55%、CODCr为41.17%、BOD为35.09%、TN为23.6%、TP为13.24%。二级吸附塔的出水直接进入人工湿地系统进行进一步的深度处理,人工湿地对各项污染指标的去除率为:SS为88.34%,CODCr为82.8%,BOD5为88.7%,TN为61.84%,TP为90.19%。出水达到中水回用的要求。
With the number of the large anaerobic plan increased in homeland, more and more anaerobic digestion residues(AD residues) need to be disposed and manage normative. But there is still not a regulation about AD residues in domestic. And less technology in this areas to support the management. Cause AD residues may contained some pollutants like heavy metal ion, persistent organic contaminants, pathogen, etc. if do not deal with that properly, discard that at will, it may be caused the seriously secondly pollution.
In this research paper, according domestic status the author designed a system, which can deal with AD residues problem. As the post-treatment technology of the anaerobic digestion plant, the system can make anaerobic digestion plant more popular everywhere. AD residues be separated into sludge and liquid with sedimentation tank. Contained more than 50 percent of organic substance, may some heavy metals ion and pathogens in sludge. Aim to achieve a harmless, energize volume reduction and stabilization purpose, the sludge was composted and crushed for pretreating, compost for 4 days and crushed for 10 min is the best option. Choosed temperature, C/N, TS, as the main parameters experiment anaerobic digestion effect. Proved by the experiment the optimum parameters are temperature was 55℃, C/N was 20, TS was 10%.
The liquid from AD residues, contained high concentrate organic, may contained some pollutants like heavy metal ion, persistent organic contaminants. Drained the liquid at will would cause serious environmental pollution. The liquid which was treated in our system can recycle water. The liquid which overflowed from sedimentation tank was absorbed by filter tower. The contaminations in liquid would be absorbed and filtered by biomass sorbent. Proved by experiment that the period of the fist filter tower is about 5 days. And second is 10 days. The tow filter tower decreased the pollutants, the effect was :SS 50.55%, CODCr 41.17%, BOD 35.09%, TN 23.6%, TP 13.24%. The sewage out from the second filter tower went into wetland, and get a further treatment. Wetland makes treat the sewage clean, and get rid of SS 88.34%, CODCr 82.8%, BOD5 88.7%, TN 61.84%, TP 90.19%. the out water from wetland up to recycle standard.
本课题主要是分析具有代表性的暗河式厌氧沼气池消化残余物的性质,根据我国现实情况设计了一套沼渣沼液资源化技术工艺,作为大型厌氧发酵产沼的一种后续处理技术工艺,为大型厌氧发酵产沼技术在我国的推广应用做了技术性支持和基础性研究。通过沉淀池对沼渣沼液进行分离,沼渣中含有50%以上的有机质,还可能含有难降解有机物和病原菌,对得到的沼渣进行堆肥预处理5天或者机械破碎预处理10min,并在发酵的最佳参数条件下:温度为55℃、C/N为20、总固体含量TS为10%的情况下进行再发酵,可以达到最佳的产气。即达到了沼渣的无害化、资源化、减量化和稳定化的目的。
沼液是一种高浓度的有机废水,COD约为400mg/l以上,其中可能含有重金属离子和难降解有机物,具有很强的刺激性气味。如果随意排放,会引起严重的环境污染,在实验中利用膨化有机吸附材料丰富孔网结构的特性,沼液中的各种污染物通过膨化生物质吸附材料的孔网被拦截吸附。一级吸附塔的吸附周期为5天左右,二级吸附塔的吸附周期为10天左右,生物质两级吸附塔对沼液中各项污染指标的去除率分别为:SS为50.55%、CODCr为41.17%、BOD为35.09%、TN为23.6%、TP为13.24%。二级吸附塔的出水直接进入人工湿地系统进行进一步的深度处理,人工湿地对各项污染指标的去除率为:SS为88.34%,CODCr为82.8%,BOD5为88.7%,TN为61.84%,TP为90.19%。出水达到中水回用的要求。
With the number of the large anaerobic plan increased in homeland, more and more anaerobic digestion residues(AD residues) need to be disposed and manage normative. But there is still not a regulation about AD residues in domestic. And less technology in this areas to support the management. Cause AD residues may contained some pollutants like heavy metal ion, persistent organic contaminants, pathogen, etc. if do not deal with that properly, discard that at will, it may be caused the seriously secondly pollution.
In this research paper, according domestic status the author designed a system, which can deal with AD residues problem. As the post-treatment technology of the anaerobic digestion plant, the system can make anaerobic digestion plant more popular everywhere. AD residues be separated into sludge and liquid with sedimentation tank. Contained more than 50 percent of organic substance, may some heavy metals ion and pathogens in sludge. Aim to achieve a harmless, energize volume reduction and stabilization purpose, the sludge was composted and crushed for pretreating, compost for 4 days and crushed for 10 min is the best option. Choosed temperature, C/N, TS, as the main parameters experiment anaerobic digestion effect. Proved by the experiment the optimum parameters are temperature was 55℃, C/N was 20, TS was 10%.
The liquid from AD residues, contained high concentrate organic, may contained some pollutants like heavy metal ion, persistent organic contaminants. Drained the liquid at will would cause serious environmental pollution. The liquid which was treated in our system can recycle water. The liquid which overflowed from sedimentation tank was absorbed by filter tower. The contaminations in liquid would be absorbed and filtered by biomass sorbent. Proved by experiment that the period of the fist filter tower is about 5 days. And second is 10 days. The tow filter tower decreased the pollutants, the effect was :SS 50.55%, CODCr 41.17%, BOD 35.09%, TN 23.6%, TP 13.24%. The sewage out from the second filter tower went into wetland, and get a further treatment. Wetland makes treat the sewage clean, and get rid of SS 88.34%, CODCr 82.8%, BOD5 88.7%, TN 61.84%, TP 90.19%. the out water from wetland up to recycle standard.
引文
[1]吴相淦.农村能源(M〕.北京:农业出版社,1988,第一版:130-165
[2]伍义泽.沼气技术应用研究〔M〕.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1988,第一版:113-135
[3]刘英等.德国沼气技术考察报告(J〕.中国沼气,2001,19(4):41-43
[4]王家俊等.俄罗斯沼气技术发展动向(J〕.中国沼气,1998,16(1):49-50
[5]戴林等.中国生物质能转换技术发展与评价(M).北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998,第一版:l-20
[6]熊承永.我国沼气近期科研情况和发展趋势(J).中国沼气,1998,16(4):45-48
[7] ADEME: Municipal solid waste treatment guide.
[8] Angelidaki, I. et all (1996). The biogas process. Lecture notes from Energy from biomass (6362), Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, 1996, 1st edition.
[9] Bendixen, H.,J., (1999). Hygienic safety- results of scientific investigations in Denmark, IEA Bioenergy Workshop, Stuttgart-Hohenheim 29-31 March 1999.
[10] Birkmose, T.1999. How is legislation protecting water quality in Denmark? Proceeding at International congress in Wiesbaden: Regulation of animal production in Europe, 9-12 May 1999.
[11] CEN (1998). Soil improves and growing media- Guidelines for the safety of users, the environment and plants.
[12] Danish Environment Agency, (1995). Male reproductive health and environmental chemicals with estrogenic effect.
[13] Danish Environment Agency (1999). Waste 21. Waste management plan 1998-2004.
[14] Danish Ministry of environment and Energy, (2000). Statutory order from theMinistry of environment and energy no. 49 of 20 January 2000, on application of waste products for agricultural purposes.
[15] Holm-Nielsen, J.B, Halberg, N, Huttingford, S., Al Seadi, T. (1997). Joint biogas plant– Agricultural advantages. Circulation of N, P and K. Revised edition 1997.
[16] IEA-bioenergy (1999). Biogas upgrading and utilisation.
[17] Nordberg ?. (1999). EU and National Legislation of Relevance to Anaerobic Digestion.
[18] ?rtenblad, H, 2000. AD-Nett report. Anaerobic digestion: Making energy and solving modern waste problems.
[19] Wannholt, L. (1998). Biological treatment of Domestic waste in closed Plants in Europe.
[20] Wellinger A., (1999). Large scale biowaste digesters. IEA Bioenergy Workshop, Stuttgart-Hohenheim 29-31 March 1999.
[21] Working document: Biological treatment of biowaste, 2nd draft. EC/DG ENV.A. Brussels February 2001.
[22] Rademacher H., Zobel T., Pascik I., et al. Enzyme supported digestion of municipal sludges at the Waste Water Treatment Plant. In: Mata-Alvarez, J., Tilche, A., Cecchi, F. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Wastes, Barcelona, 1999,1:356～360
[23] Barlaz MA, Schaefer DM, Ham RK. Bacterial population development and chemical characteristics of refuse decomposition in simulated sanitary landfill. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1989, 5: 55～65
[24] Peter F. Pind, Irini Angelidaki, Birgitte K. Ahring. Dynamics of the Anaerobic Process: Effects of Volatile Fatty Acids. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2003, 82(7):790～801
[25] H.W.Liu, H.K.Walter, G.M.Vogt, et al. Steam pressure disruption of municipal solid waste enhance anaerobic digestion kinetics and biogas yield. Biotechnologyand bioengineering, 2002, 77(2):121～130
[26] Memberz, Y., Schwitzgu J.P., Dubois, B., et al. Anaerobic treatment and valorization into animal feed of wastes from slaughterhouse and catering. In: Mata-Alvarez, J., Tilche, A., Cecchi, F. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Wastes, Barcelona, 1999, 2: 65～68
[27] R.E.斯皮思.工业废水的厌氧生物处理.中国建筑工业出版社,2001:60-65
[28]彭景勋.沼气发酵中的酸中毒处理技术.能源工程,1998, 2: 34～36
[29]彭武厚,胡文英,李新吾.厌氧消化法处理畜禽粪的研究.中国沼气,1998, 16:15～17
[30] Song Y C , Kwon S J , Woo J H. Mesophilic and thermophilic temperature co2phase anaerobic digestion compared with single 2 stage mesophilic2 and thermophilic digestion of sewage sludge [J ] , Wat . Res. , 2004 ,38 (7) :1653～1662.
[31] Maibaum C , Kuehn V. Thermophilic and mesophilic together with organic residual substances [ J ] . Wat . Sci. Technol. , 1999 ,40 (1) :231～236.
[32]杨超龚仁敏刘必融刘惠君孙影芝柯丽霞.花生壳粉生物吸附水溶液中阴离子染料的研究.应用生态学报2004年11月第15卷第11期
[33]吴泓涛,蒲富永,陈同斌,郑明兰.高浓度有机废水截留处理工艺研究.农业环境保护.2001.20(6):435-437
[34] Alka shukla ,Yu-Hui Zhang ,P.Dubey ,J.L.Margrave ,Shyam S.Shukla The role of sawdust in the removal of unwanted materials from water .Journal of Hazardous Materials B95(2002)137-152
[35] [日]中野準三等共著，鲍禾等译.木材化学.中国林业出版社,1989年2月第1版
[36]马林转,何屏,王华,赵卫东.生物质热裂解实验研究.云南化工. 2004年4月第31卷第2期
[37]张自杰顾夏声.排水工程(第四版)下册.中国建筑工业出版社2000(6)1~12 538~548
[38] Li Jia Yu Shyam S .Shukla Kenneth L.Dorris Alka Shukla J.L.Margrave Adsorption of chromium from aqueous solution by maple sawdust . Journal of Hazardous Materials B100 (2003) 53-63
[39] V.K.Garg Renuka Gupta Rakesh Kumar R.K.Gupta . Adsorption of chromium from aqueous solution on treated sawdust .Bioresource Technology 92 (2004) 79-81.
[40]张珪陶荣光.地下水中镭的去除.中国卫生工程学杂志. 1997年第6卷第一期
[41] Bin Yu Y.Zhang Alka Shukla Shyam S.Shukla Kenneth L.Dorris.The removal of heavy metal from aqueous solutions by sawdust adsorption-removal of copper. Journal of Hazardous Materials . B80 (2000) 33-42
[42] Nadhem K.Hamadi Xiao Dong Chen Mohammed M.Farid Max G.Q.Lu .Adsorption kinetics for the removal of chromium(Ⅳ) from aqueous solution by adsorbents derived from used tyres and sawdust .Chemical Engineering Journal 84 (2001) 95-105
[43] Mahmut O¨zacar I. Ayhan S_engil Adsorption of metal complex dyes from aqueous solutions by pine sawdust . Bioresource Technology 96 (2005) 791-795.
[44]吴晓磊.人工湿地废水处理机理[J].环境科学,1995. 16(3):83-86
[45] Mays P M, Edwards G S. Comparison of heavy metal accumulation in a natural wetland and construction wetlands receiving acid mine drainage [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2001, 16: 487-500
[2]伍义泽.沼气技术应用研究〔M〕.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1988,第一版:113-135
[3]刘英等.德国沼气技术考察报告(J〕.中国沼气,2001,19(4):41-43
[4]王家俊等.俄罗斯沼气技术发展动向(J〕.中国沼气,1998,16(1):49-50
[5]戴林等.中国生物质能转换技术发展与评价(M).北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998,第一版:l-20
[6]熊承永.我国沼气近期科研情况和发展趋势(J).中国沼气,1998,16(4):45-48
[7] ADEME: Municipal solid waste treatment guide.
[8] Angelidaki, I. et all (1996). The biogas process. Lecture notes from Energy from biomass (6362), Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, 1996, 1st edition.
[9] Bendixen, H.,J., (1999). Hygienic safety- results of scientific investigations in Denmark, IEA Bioenergy Workshop, Stuttgart-Hohenheim 29-31 March 1999.
[10] Birkmose, T.1999. How is legislation protecting water quality in Denmark? Proceeding at International congress in Wiesbaden: Regulation of animal production in Europe, 9-12 May 1999.
[11] CEN (1998). Soil improves and growing media- Guidelines for the safety of users, the environment and plants.
[12] Danish Environment Agency, (1995). Male reproductive health and environmental chemicals with estrogenic effect.
[13] Danish Environment Agency (1999). Waste 21. Waste management plan 1998-2004.
[14] Danish Ministry of environment and Energy, (2000). Statutory order from theMinistry of environment and energy no. 49 of 20 January 2000, on application of waste products for agricultural purposes.
[15] Holm-Nielsen, J.B, Halberg, N, Huttingford, S., Al Seadi, T. (1997). Joint biogas plant– Agricultural advantages. Circulation of N, P and K. Revised edition 1997.
[16] IEA-bioenergy (1999). Biogas upgrading and utilisation.
[17] Nordberg ?. (1999). EU and National Legislation of Relevance to Anaerobic Digestion.
[18] ?rtenblad, H, 2000. AD-Nett report. Anaerobic digestion: Making energy and solving modern waste problems.
[19] Wannholt, L. (1998). Biological treatment of Domestic waste in closed Plants in Europe.
[20] Wellinger A., (1999). Large scale biowaste digesters. IEA Bioenergy Workshop, Stuttgart-Hohenheim 29-31 March 1999.
[21] Working document: Biological treatment of biowaste, 2nd draft. EC/DG ENV.A. Brussels February 2001.
[22] Rademacher H., Zobel T., Pascik I., et al. Enzyme supported digestion of municipal sludges at the Waste Water Treatment Plant. In: Mata-Alvarez, J., Tilche, A., Cecchi, F. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Wastes, Barcelona, 1999,1:356～360
[23] Barlaz MA, Schaefer DM, Ham RK. Bacterial population development and chemical characteristics of refuse decomposition in simulated sanitary landfill. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1989, 5: 55～65
[24] Peter F. Pind, Irini Angelidaki, Birgitte K. Ahring. Dynamics of the Anaerobic Process: Effects of Volatile Fatty Acids. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2003, 82(7):790～801
[25] H.W.Liu, H.K.Walter, G.M.Vogt, et al. Steam pressure disruption of municipal solid waste enhance anaerobic digestion kinetics and biogas yield. Biotechnologyand bioengineering, 2002, 77(2):121～130
[26] Memberz, Y., Schwitzgu J.P., Dubois, B., et al. Anaerobic treatment and valorization into animal feed of wastes from slaughterhouse and catering. In: Mata-Alvarez, J., Tilche, A., Cecchi, F. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Wastes, Barcelona, 1999, 2: 65～68
[27] R.E.斯皮思.工业废水的厌氧生物处理.中国建筑工业出版社,2001:60-65
[28]彭景勋.沼气发酵中的酸中毒处理技术.能源工程,1998, 2: 34～36
[29]彭武厚,胡文英,李新吾.厌氧消化法处理畜禽粪的研究.中国沼气,1998, 16:15～17
[30] Song Y C , Kwon S J , Woo J H. Mesophilic and thermophilic temperature co2phase anaerobic digestion compared with single 2 stage mesophilic2 and thermophilic digestion of sewage sludge [J ] , Wat . Res. , 2004 ,38 (7) :1653～1662.
[31] Maibaum C , Kuehn V. Thermophilic and mesophilic together with organic residual substances [ J ] . Wat . Sci. Technol. , 1999 ,40 (1) :231～236.
[32]杨超龚仁敏刘必融刘惠君孙影芝柯丽霞.花生壳粉生物吸附水溶液中阴离子染料的研究.应用生态学报2004年11月第15卷第11期
[33]吴泓涛,蒲富永,陈同斌,郑明兰.高浓度有机废水截留处理工艺研究.农业环境保护.2001.20(6):435-437
[34] Alka shukla ,Yu-Hui Zhang ,P.Dubey ,J.L.Margrave ,Shyam S.Shukla The role of sawdust in the removal of unwanted materials from water .Journal of Hazardous Materials B95(2002)137-152
[35] [日]中野準三等共著，鲍禾等译.木材化学.中国林业出版社,1989年2月第1版
[36]马林转,何屏,王华,赵卫东.生物质热裂解实验研究.云南化工. 2004年4月第31卷第2期
[37]张自杰顾夏声.排水工程(第四版)下册.中国建筑工业出版社2000(6)1~12 538~548
[38] Li Jia Yu Shyam S .Shukla Kenneth L.Dorris Alka Shukla J.L.Margrave Adsorption of chromium from aqueous solution by maple sawdust . Journal of Hazardous Materials B100 (2003) 53-63
[39] V.K.Garg Renuka Gupta Rakesh Kumar R.K.Gupta . Adsorption of chromium from aqueous solution on treated sawdust .Bioresource Technology 92 (2004) 79-81.
[40]张珪陶荣光.地下水中镭的去除.中国卫生工程学杂志. 1997年第6卷第一期
[41] Bin Yu Y.Zhang Alka Shukla Shyam S.Shukla Kenneth L.Dorris.The removal of heavy metal from aqueous solutions by sawdust adsorption-removal of copper. Journal of Hazardous Materials . B80 (2000) 33-42
[42] Nadhem K.Hamadi Xiao Dong Chen Mohammed M.Farid Max G.Q.Lu .Adsorption kinetics for the removal of chromium(Ⅳ) from aqueous solution by adsorbents derived from used tyres and sawdust .Chemical Engineering Journal 84 (2001) 95-105
[43] Mahmut O¨zacar I. Ayhan S_engil Adsorption of metal complex dyes from aqueous solutions by pine sawdust . Bioresource Technology 96 (2005) 791-795.
[44]吴晓磊.人工湿地废水处理机理[J].环境科学,1995. 16(3):83-86
[45] Mays P M, Edwards G S. Comparison of heavy metal accumulation in a natural wetland and construction wetlands receiving acid mine drainage [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2001, 16: 487-500
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |