竹醋液促生长及对农药增效作用和防病效果的研究
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摘要
本文通过盆栽试验和田间小区试验,以不同浓度的竹醋液施用于番茄,考察竹醋液对番茄生长、品质的和产量的影响;调查番茄生长过程中的主要病害发生情况,研究竹醋液对农药的增效和防治番茄病害作用,主要结论如下:
1.不同病原菌对竹醋液的敏感性不同,枯萎菌对竹醋液较为不敏感,相对抑制率也较低,丝核菌和腐霉菌对竹醋液较为敏感,较低的浓度就能取得较好的抑菌效果,它们的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度依次是2.0%、1.1%、1.4%和2.5%、1.25%、1.7%;竹醋液对枯萎病的整体防效都不佳,50倍防效为50.29%,和对照药剂百菌清600倍防效(88.12%)差异显著,随着浓度的下降,防治效果也迅速降低,竹醋液稀释300倍时防效只有5.10%;竹醋液对立枯病的防治在20倍、50倍时防治效果都在90%以上,和绿亨一号(92.75%)的防治效果当,都没有达显著差异,100倍时的防治效果为82.61%,200倍和300倍的防效分别为65.22%和46.38%,由于浓度的降低,其防治效果也显著降低。对猝倒病防治上,在20倍、50倍时防效也达90%以上和绿亨一号3000倍(91.43%)相当,三者之间无显著差异,但随着浓度的降低,其防效也迅速下降,当300倍时,其防效仅有37.15%。
2.适量竹醋液能够很好的促进番茄苗期生长,其单株鲜重、干重、干物率比对照都有所提高,稀释150倍到350倍为最佳,即使稀释50倍也未出现抑制生长或烧苗现象。在处理方式上以灌根+叶面喷施效果较为明显。通过竹醋液处理可增加番茄叶片叶绿素含量,显著改善叶片质量,有利于提高叶片光合性能,延长叶片寿命,促进光合产物的积累;能显著改善番茄的营养生长,茎粗、株高、叶片数和开展度比对照明显增加,但浓度不同、施用方式不同,结果也略有差异;对番茄的生殖生长有一定的影响,能提高果实干物率、座果率,能提前2-4天上市,尤其是座果率影响较为明显,但对开花日期、花蕾数没有影响;在施用方式上以喷施和喷施+灌根效果较明显,单独灌根效果一般;能改善果实内在的品质,能提高VC、可溶性糖含量,适当提高糖酸比,从而改变口感,可以有效降低硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量,提高果品的卫生状况;能显著提高番茄产量,在盆栽试验中株均最小增幅是3.85%,最大增产幅度达40.9%,在小区试验中达到达26%,最小增幅是叶喷的450倍,只有5.3%,以灌根效果为好,以100倍-300倍效果明显。
田间小区实验结果表明,施用竹醋液可以有效防治或延缓病害发生,用50倍竹醋液灌根,对番茄猝倒病的防治效果达到78.6%,100倍达到71.4%;叶面喷施50倍竹醋液,防效达50%,低浓度效果更差。盆栽试验表明,竹醋液对番茄早疫病有一定防效,竹醋液稀释50倍叶面喷施的防治效果最好,达49%,低浓度效果较差;综合起来看以150-350浓度效果较好,尤其是250倍浓度最好,从施用方式上看以喷施+灌根效果最为明显。
3.单独使用竹醋液对烟粉虱具有驱避作用,高浓度效果较好,20倍、50倍竹醋液药后1d校正防效分别达71.03%、69.13%,但随着时间的延长和浓度的降低,防效显著下降;对3.3%天丁乳油、外欧、千锤添加竹醋液对防治烟粉虱成虫及若虫,安打添加竹醋液对防治斜纹叶蛾,57%奥美特添加竹醋液对防治红蜘蛛具有一定的增效作用,在减半量使用情况下基本能达到常用剂量的防效,不同浓度的竹醋液效相差不明显,但以300—500为好,600倍较差。
4.灰霉净添加竹醋液防治番茄叶霉病、甲霜灵锰锌添加竹醋液防治黄瓜霜霉病、具有增效作用,在使用半量的情况下能达到常用剂量的防治效果,以300倍—400倍为最好,且单独使用竹醋液50倍、100倍、200倍、300倍对叶霉病的防效分别是64.14%、53.98%、50.44%,26.57%和对对照药剂79.66%差异显著。高浓度的竹醋液没有对番茄产生看得见的药害,对黄瓜霜霉病防效分别是71.98%、66.79%、55.22%、26.11%,50倍竹醋液对黄瓜有灼烧的斑点,所以要慎重使用,处理间差异性显著;竹醋液防治辣椒根腐病,10竹醋液施于辣椒上时造成大面积死亡,20倍防效较高,可以达到83.98%但造成植株矮小,所以10倍、20倍竹醋液不能用植物上,容易造成药害,50倍、100倍、200倍、300倍的防效分别是74.42%、61.06%、48.92%、20.82%,敌克松的防效是80.63%,20倍的防效和其相当。
In this paper, the bamboo vinegar was tested on tomato which planted in pot and in soil. The examination of the growth function to the tomato, grows, the quality to the tomato reproduction and influence of the output, and the investigation of the plant disease situation in the tomato growth process by bamboo vinegar;The research to agricultural chemicals synergize and the preventing and controlling plant disease function. The main results as following:
1 .The right amount density bamboo vinegar can very good promote tomato seedling stage grow, its single fresh weight, the dry weight compared to CK all to have the enhancement, the 150x to 350x for best, but 50x of densities have not appeared the suppression to grow or to burn the seedling phenomenon,.the meathod of filling the root and spurting leaf surface was obvious; May increase chlorophyll content through bamboo vinegar processing, remarkably improve the leaf blade quality and is advantageous to enhance the leaf photosynthesis,lengthen the leaf life, the promotion photosynthesis product accumulation; Can remarkably improve the tomato the camp keeping in good health, the stem thick, high,leafs and development compared to increases to the illumination, but the density is different, the employment way is different, the result also has some difference. There are some influence to tomato's reproduction growth which can enhance dry weight of fruit, the amount of fruit and go on the market in the date earlier period for 2-4 days, particularly the influence to the amount of fruit are more obvious, but the influence is small to blooming date and the flower bud number. The better treatments are insufflation and insufflation +filling the root . The effect of alone filling the root is ordinary; Bamboo vinegar can improve the fruit intrinsic quality, enhance V_C and the soluble sugar content, suitably enhance the saccharinic acid compared to,thus changes feeling in the mouth, may effectively reduce the content of nitrate and the nitrous salt, enhances the fruits the hygiene condition; Can remarkably enhance the tomato output, in the pot experiment the increased range is 3.85% to 40.9%, and in the field experiment the increased range is 5.3% to 26%.The method to fill the root is good. The effect is obvious by 100x-300 treated. The result shows in field that bamboo vinegar can effectively prevent and control the occurrence or delay to get sick. The effect of 50X in the plot achieve 78.6% to the cataplexy preven and controle, 100x to achieve 71.4%, but the employment on the leaf 50x was only 50%, effect is worse of low density; Should better be 50X of bamboo vinegar spurting leaf to the tomato early epidemicdisease preventing and controlling effect executes reaches 49%, the effect is worse of the low density; Synthesizes looked by 150-350 densityeffect better, in particular 250 time of densities best, from theemployment way looked spurts executes + fills the root effect to bemost obvious.
2.The independent bamboo vinegar employment can drive to the Bemisia tobaci, the highly concentrated effect is better, after the 1d,20x and 50x of bamboo vinegar adjustment the effect respectively to reach 71.03%and 69.13%, but along with the number of days and density reducing, guards against the effect remarkable drop; Has certainly synergize the function of 3.3% Tian Ding, imidcioprid, acetamiprid Prevent and control to Bemisia tobaci and the nymphae of Bemisia tobaci; indoxacarb Prevents and controls to Predenia liture; propargrit controls to the red back spider; adding the bamboo vinegar. In reducing in half quantity service condition the basic performance achieves the effect as the commonly used dosage guards against. The effect of different density bamboo vinegar is not obvious, but take 300x - 500x as good, 600x is worse.
3.Has certainly synergize the function of Thiram and Procymidone to control Cladosporiumfulvum; of mixed mancozeb and metalaxyl to controlled Downy mildew,adding the bamboo vinegar. In reducing in half quantity service condition the basic performance achieves the effect as the commonly used dosage guards against. The effect of different density bamboo vinegar is not obvious, but take 300x-400x as good. Independent employment bamboo vinegar 50x, 100x, 200x, 300x guard against the effect to the leaf mold are 64.14%, 53.98%, 50.44%, 26.57% and to compare themedicament 79.66% differences to be remarkable. The highly concentrated bamboo vinegar fluid has not had the chemical damage to the tomato which can see, guards against the effect to thecucumber Downy mildew respectively is 71.98%, 66.79%, 55.22%, 26.11%,50x of bamboos vinegar fluid has the ignition to the cucumber the spot, therefore must prudently use, processing the difference is remarkable. The effect to contron capsicum root-rot sickness when 10x of bamboos vinegar causes the big area death, 20x guard against the effect high, may achieve 83.98% but to create the adult plant diminutive .Therefore 10x and 20x of bamboos vinegar cannot be used on the plant, is easy to create the chemical damage, 50x, 100x, 200x, 300x guard against the effect respectively are 74.42%, 61.06, 48.92%,20.82%, the fenaminosulf guards against the effect is 80.63%, the effect of 20x as it.
4.The sensitive is different of different germ to the bamboo vinegar. Fusariumoxysporium f.sp.cinerea is not insensitive to it, relative suppression rate also lower, the Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp are sensitive to the bamboo vinegar fluid, a lower density can obtain the better bacteriostasis effect. Their lowest bacteriostasis density and the lowest sterilization density is 2.0%, 1.1 %, 1.4% and 2.5%, 1.25%, 1.7% in turn. The effect is not good of bamboo vinegar to contron Fusariumoxysporium f.sp.cinerea, 50x guard against the effect only to achieve 50.29%, guards against the effect with comparison medicament chlorothalonil 600x(88.12%) the difference to be remarkable, along with the density drop,the preventing and controlling effect also rapidly reduces, the bamboo vinegar dilutes when 300x guards against the effect only to 5.10%.The effect of 20x and 50x is above 90% to control Rhizoctonia solani as Hymexazol does. All treatment are not remarkable difference, The effect of 100x of bamboo vinegar. 200x and 300x guard against the effect respectively are 65.22% and 46.38%, because density reducing, its preventing and controlling effect also remarkably reduces. To prevents and controls Pythium spp,the effect of 20x and 50x are as well as Hymexazol's,but The three between has not achieved remarkable difference, but along with density reducing, it guards against effect also rapidly drop, when 300x, it guards against effect only to 37.15%
1.不同病原菌对竹醋液的敏感性不同,枯萎菌对竹醋液较为不敏感,相对抑制率也较低,丝核菌和腐霉菌对竹醋液较为敏感,较低的浓度就能取得较好的抑菌效果,它们的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度依次是2.0%、1.1%、1.4%和2.5%、1.25%、1.7%;竹醋液对枯萎病的整体防效都不佳,50倍防效为50.29%,和对照药剂百菌清600倍防效(88.12%)差异显著,随着浓度的下降,防治效果也迅速降低,竹醋液稀释300倍时防效只有5.10%;竹醋液对立枯病的防治在20倍、50倍时防治效果都在90%以上,和绿亨一号(92.75%)的防治效果当,都没有达显著差异,100倍时的防治效果为82.61%,200倍和300倍的防效分别为65.22%和46.38%,由于浓度的降低,其防治效果也显著降低。对猝倒病防治上,在20倍、50倍时防效也达90%以上和绿亨一号3000倍(91.43%)相当,三者之间无显著差异,但随着浓度的降低,其防效也迅速下降,当300倍时,其防效仅有37.15%。
2.适量竹醋液能够很好的促进番茄苗期生长,其单株鲜重、干重、干物率比对照都有所提高,稀释150倍到350倍为最佳,即使稀释50倍也未出现抑制生长或烧苗现象。在处理方式上以灌根+叶面喷施效果较为明显。通过竹醋液处理可增加番茄叶片叶绿素含量,显著改善叶片质量,有利于提高叶片光合性能,延长叶片寿命,促进光合产物的积累;能显著改善番茄的营养生长,茎粗、株高、叶片数和开展度比对照明显增加,但浓度不同、施用方式不同,结果也略有差异;对番茄的生殖生长有一定的影响,能提高果实干物率、座果率,能提前2-4天上市,尤其是座果率影响较为明显,但对开花日期、花蕾数没有影响;在施用方式上以喷施和喷施+灌根效果较明显,单独灌根效果一般;能改善果实内在的品质,能提高VC、可溶性糖含量,适当提高糖酸比,从而改变口感,可以有效降低硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量,提高果品的卫生状况;能显著提高番茄产量,在盆栽试验中株均最小增幅是3.85%,最大增产幅度达40.9%,在小区试验中达到达26%,最小增幅是叶喷的450倍,只有5.3%,以灌根效果为好,以100倍-300倍效果明显。
田间小区实验结果表明,施用竹醋液可以有效防治或延缓病害发生,用50倍竹醋液灌根,对番茄猝倒病的防治效果达到78.6%,100倍达到71.4%;叶面喷施50倍竹醋液,防效达50%,低浓度效果更差。盆栽试验表明,竹醋液对番茄早疫病有一定防效,竹醋液稀释50倍叶面喷施的防治效果最好,达49%,低浓度效果较差;综合起来看以150-350浓度效果较好,尤其是250倍浓度最好,从施用方式上看以喷施+灌根效果最为明显。
3.单独使用竹醋液对烟粉虱具有驱避作用,高浓度效果较好,20倍、50倍竹醋液药后1d校正防效分别达71.03%、69.13%,但随着时间的延长和浓度的降低,防效显著下降;对3.3%天丁乳油、外欧、千锤添加竹醋液对防治烟粉虱成虫及若虫,安打添加竹醋液对防治斜纹叶蛾,57%奥美特添加竹醋液对防治红蜘蛛具有一定的增效作用,在减半量使用情况下基本能达到常用剂量的防效,不同浓度的竹醋液效相差不明显,但以300—500为好,600倍较差。
4.灰霉净添加竹醋液防治番茄叶霉病、甲霜灵锰锌添加竹醋液防治黄瓜霜霉病、具有增效作用,在使用半量的情况下能达到常用剂量的防治效果,以300倍—400倍为最好,且单独使用竹醋液50倍、100倍、200倍、300倍对叶霉病的防效分别是64.14%、53.98%、50.44%,26.57%和对对照药剂79.66%差异显著。高浓度的竹醋液没有对番茄产生看得见的药害,对黄瓜霜霉病防效分别是71.98%、66.79%、55.22%、26.11%,50倍竹醋液对黄瓜有灼烧的斑点,所以要慎重使用,处理间差异性显著;竹醋液防治辣椒根腐病,10竹醋液施于辣椒上时造成大面积死亡,20倍防效较高,可以达到83.98%但造成植株矮小,所以10倍、20倍竹醋液不能用植物上,容易造成药害,50倍、100倍、200倍、300倍的防效分别是74.42%、61.06%、48.92%、20.82%,敌克松的防效是80.63%,20倍的防效和其相当。
In this paper, the bamboo vinegar was tested on tomato which planted in pot and in soil. The examination of the growth function to the tomato, grows, the quality to the tomato reproduction and influence of the output, and the investigation of the plant disease situation in the tomato growth process by bamboo vinegar;The research to agricultural chemicals synergize and the preventing and controlling plant disease function. The main results as following:
1 .The right amount density bamboo vinegar can very good promote tomato seedling stage grow, its single fresh weight, the dry weight compared to CK all to have the enhancement, the 150x to 350x for best, but 50x of densities have not appeared the suppression to grow or to burn the seedling phenomenon,.the meathod of filling the root and spurting leaf surface was obvious; May increase chlorophyll content through bamboo vinegar processing, remarkably improve the leaf blade quality and is advantageous to enhance the leaf photosynthesis,lengthen the leaf life, the promotion photosynthesis product accumulation; Can remarkably improve the tomato the camp keeping in good health, the stem thick, high,leafs and development compared to increases to the illumination, but the density is different, the employment way is different, the result also has some difference. There are some influence to tomato's reproduction growth which can enhance dry weight of fruit, the amount of fruit and go on the market in the date earlier period for 2-4 days, particularly the influence to the amount of fruit are more obvious, but the influence is small to blooming date and the flower bud number. The better treatments are insufflation and insufflation +filling the root . The effect of alone filling the root is ordinary; Bamboo vinegar can improve the fruit intrinsic quality, enhance V_C and the soluble sugar content, suitably enhance the saccharinic acid compared to,thus changes feeling in the mouth, may effectively reduce the content of nitrate and the nitrous salt, enhances the fruits the hygiene condition; Can remarkably enhance the tomato output, in the pot experiment the increased range is 3.85% to 40.9%, and in the field experiment the increased range is 5.3% to 26%.The method to fill the root is good. The effect is obvious by 100x-300 treated. The result shows in field that bamboo vinegar can effectively prevent and control the occurrence or delay to get sick. The effect of 50X in the plot achieve 78.6% to the cataplexy preven and controle, 100x to achieve 71.4%, but the employment on the leaf 50x was only 50%, effect is worse of low density; Should better be 50X of bamboo vinegar spurting leaf to the tomato early epidemicdisease preventing and controlling effect executes reaches 49%, the effect is worse of the low density; Synthesizes looked by 150-350 densityeffect better, in particular 250 time of densities best, from theemployment way looked spurts executes + fills the root effect to bemost obvious.
2.The independent bamboo vinegar employment can drive to the Bemisia tobaci, the highly concentrated effect is better, after the 1d,20x and 50x of bamboo vinegar adjustment the effect respectively to reach 71.03%and 69.13%, but along with the number of days and density reducing, guards against the effect remarkable drop; Has certainly synergize the function of 3.3% Tian Ding, imidcioprid, acetamiprid Prevent and control to Bemisia tobaci and the nymphae of Bemisia tobaci; indoxacarb Prevents and controls to Predenia liture; propargrit controls to the red back spider; adding the bamboo vinegar. In reducing in half quantity service condition the basic performance achieves the effect as the commonly used dosage guards against. The effect of different density bamboo vinegar is not obvious, but take 300x - 500x as good, 600x is worse.
3.Has certainly synergize the function of Thiram and Procymidone to control Cladosporiumfulvum; of mixed mancozeb and metalaxyl to controlled Downy mildew,adding the bamboo vinegar. In reducing in half quantity service condition the basic performance achieves the effect as the commonly used dosage guards against. The effect of different density bamboo vinegar is not obvious, but take 300x-400x as good. Independent employment bamboo vinegar 50x, 100x, 200x, 300x guard against the effect to the leaf mold are 64.14%, 53.98%, 50.44%, 26.57% and to compare themedicament 79.66% differences to be remarkable. The highly concentrated bamboo vinegar fluid has not had the chemical damage to the tomato which can see, guards against the effect to thecucumber Downy mildew respectively is 71.98%, 66.79%, 55.22%, 26.11%,50x of bamboos vinegar fluid has the ignition to the cucumber the spot, therefore must prudently use, processing the difference is remarkable. The effect to contron capsicum root-rot sickness when 10x of bamboos vinegar causes the big area death, 20x guard against the effect high, may achieve 83.98% but to create the adult plant diminutive .Therefore 10x and 20x of bamboos vinegar cannot be used on the plant, is easy to create the chemical damage, 50x, 100x, 200x, 300x guard against the effect respectively are 74.42%, 61.06, 48.92%,20.82%, the fenaminosulf guards against the effect is 80.63%, the effect of 20x as it.
4.The sensitive is different of different germ to the bamboo vinegar. Fusariumoxysporium f.sp.cinerea is not insensitive to it, relative suppression rate also lower, the Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp are sensitive to the bamboo vinegar fluid, a lower density can obtain the better bacteriostasis effect. Their lowest bacteriostasis density and the lowest sterilization density is 2.0%, 1.1 %, 1.4% and 2.5%, 1.25%, 1.7% in turn. The effect is not good of bamboo vinegar to contron Fusariumoxysporium f.sp.cinerea, 50x guard against the effect only to achieve 50.29%, guards against the effect with comparison medicament chlorothalonil 600x(88.12%) the difference to be remarkable, along with the density drop,the preventing and controlling effect also rapidly reduces, the bamboo vinegar dilutes when 300x guards against the effect only to 5.10%.The effect of 20x and 50x is above 90% to control Rhizoctonia solani as Hymexazol does. All treatment are not remarkable difference, The effect of 100x of bamboo vinegar. 200x and 300x guard against the effect respectively are 65.22% and 46.38%, because density reducing, its preventing and controlling effect also remarkably reduces. To prevents and controls Pythium spp,the effect of 20x and 50x are as well as Hymexazol's,but The three between has not achieved remarkable difference, but along with density reducing, it guards against effect also rapidly drop, when 300x, it guards against effect only to 37.15%
引文
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