渤海湾盆地深部层系油气成藏与分布规律研究
摘要
本文在收集和整理大量第一性勘探实际资料的基础上，从盆地的区域地质特征入手，结合深部烃源岩、储集岩和封盖层以及组合的特征，开展了深层典型油气藏的解剖，探讨和研究了深部油气成藏的条件和深部油气富集的规律。提出：对于下第三系深层油气成藏体系，有效烃源岩发育，油气源充足，封闭条件好。从而，油气的富集和高产取决于深层储集岩体的规模与储集物性的好坏。在该体系中，由于异常高压的普遍存在，抑制生烃使生烃窗普遍下移，次生孔隙带也随之变深，利于深部油气的富集。对于新生古储型的潜山油气藏，其油气富集取决于潜山储集体的质量和规模，以及新生界油气供给的保证。对于新生界烃源岩层覆盖的潜山，油气富集程度取决于前者。而对于非烃源岩覆盖的潜山，则需要足够的成山主断层断距来构成潜山的第三系供油窗口或通过不整合面创造其有利的供油气通道。同时，凹陷中的陡坡带、深陷带和斜坡带的低部位，以及前第三系基底层系是深层油气藏赋存的主要场所。该场所的构造变形样式和沉积体系特征决定了深部油气藏的主要类型。各类油气藏的展布也具有一定的规律性。在系统分析了渤海湾盆地深层油气资源潜力的基础上，对34个深层有利区带进行了评价，优选出13个Ⅰ类区带和9个Ⅱ类区带，其中Ⅰ类区带的总资源量9.9亿吨，Ⅱ类区带的总资源量3.4亿吨。同时提出了7个古生界有利勘探目标，总资源量为3亿吨。
This thesis is based on collection and analyses to a great number of original data from exploration practice. Beginning with the study on the regional geology of the Bohai Bay basin, in conjunction with the features of source rocks, reservoir rocks, and seal layers as well as their assemblage at depth, a detailed analysis is made for typical reservoirs at larger depths. The purpose is to probe into the generation conditions of oil-gas reservoirs and the accumulation rules of oil and gas at larger depths in the basin. It is suggested that in the lower Tertiary deep reservoir system, the source rocks developed well, the supply of oil and gas is sufficient and the seal conditions are good. Therefore, the oil and gas accumulation and high production depend on scales of deep reservoirs and the quality of their physical properties, hi this system, due to wide existence of abnormal high pressure in deep strata, the threshold of the hydrocarbon generation window shifted down, and the position of secondary pore zones also became deeper. Both the changes are favorable to oil-gas accumulation at depth. As for the buried hill reservoirs of the "Young generation and old storage" type, their oil-gas accumulation relies on the size and porosity-permeability of their reservoir bodies, as well as a sufficient supply from the Cenozoic Erathem. For the buried hills covered with Cenozoic hydrocarbon source rocks, the extent of oil-gas accumulation depends on their source rocks. While for those buried hills without cover of source rocks, it needs enough fault offset to constitute the oil supply window of Tertiary system or unconformities to provide conduits for oil-gas supply. The lower parts of deep slope and gentle slope in a dustpan-like sag, and the pre-Tertiary strata are quite favorable to forming deep oil-gas reservoirs. Their structural deformation, styles and sediment features control the basic types of deep oil-gas reservoirs which distribute in a pattern.
After analyzing the great potential of deep-depth petroleum resources in the Bohai Bay Basin, 34 favorable deep-depth exploration zones are evaluated, among which 13 are the most favorable zones with a total potential of 990 million tons, 9 are more favorable zones(total potential resources: 340 million tons). Moreover, 7 favorable exploration zones in the Paleozoic are chosen out with a total resources of 300 million tons.
This thesis is based on collection and analyses to a great number of original data from exploration practice. Beginning with the study on the regional geology of the Bohai Bay basin, in conjunction with the features of source rocks, reservoir rocks, and seal layers as well as their assemblage at depth, a detailed analysis is made for typical reservoirs at larger depths. The purpose is to probe into the generation conditions of oil-gas reservoirs and the accumulation rules of oil and gas at larger depths in the basin. It is suggested that in the lower Tertiary deep reservoir system, the source rocks developed well, the supply of oil and gas is sufficient and the seal conditions are good. Therefore, the oil and gas accumulation and high production depend on scales of deep reservoirs and the quality of their physical properties, hi this system, due to wide existence of abnormal high pressure in deep strata, the threshold of the hydrocarbon generation window shifted down, and the position of secondary pore zones also became deeper. Both the changes are favorable to oil-gas accumulation at depth. As for the buried hill reservoirs of the "Young generation and old storage" type, their oil-gas accumulation relies on the size and porosity-permeability of their reservoir bodies, as well as a sufficient supply from the Cenozoic Erathem. For the buried hills covered with Cenozoic hydrocarbon source rocks, the extent of oil-gas accumulation depends on their source rocks. While for those buried hills without cover of source rocks, it needs enough fault offset to constitute the oil supply window of Tertiary system or unconformities to provide conduits for oil-gas supply. The lower parts of deep slope and gentle slope in a dustpan-like sag, and the pre-Tertiary strata are quite favorable to forming deep oil-gas reservoirs. Their structural deformation, styles and sediment features control the basic types of deep oil-gas reservoirs which distribute in a pattern.
After analyzing the great potential of deep-depth petroleum resources in the Bohai Bay Basin, 34 favorable deep-depth exploration zones are evaluated, among which 13 are the most favorable zones with a total potential of 990 million tons, 9 are more favorable zones(total potential resources: 340 million tons). Moreover, 7 favorable exploration zones in the Paleozoic are chosen out with a total resources of 300 million tons.
引文
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2．李明诚，1987，石油与天然气运移，北京：石油工业出版社
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6．吴崇筠，1993，中国含油气盆地沉积学，北京：石油工业出版社
7．赵澄林，1992，东濮凹陷下第三系碎屑岩沉积体系与成岩作用，北京：石油工业出版社
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9．刘宝君，曾允孚等，1985，岩相古地理工作方法，地质出版社
10．周书欣，1991，湖泊沉积体系与油气，科学出版社
11．冯增昭，1993，沉积岩石学，石油工业出版社
12．黄骅坳陷下第三系沉积体系特征，1989，石油工业出版社
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15．关世聪等，1984，中国海陆变迁海域沉积相与油气，北京：科学出版社
16．刘鸿允，1955，中国古地理图，北京：科学出版社
17．王鸿祯等，1985，中国古地理图集，北京地图出版社
18．C．K．威尔格斯等编，徐怀大等译，1993，层序地层学原理(海平面变化综合分析)，北京：石油工业出版社
19．王英华等，1995，沉积学及岩相古地理学新进展，北京：石油工业出版社
20．B．P．蒂索等著，郝石生等译，1982，石油形成与和分布
21．胡见义等，1997，中国含油气系统的应用与进展，北京：石油工业出版社
22．L．B．马贡等主编，张刚等译，1998，含油气系统—从烃源岩到圈闭，北京：石油工业出版社
23．裘怿楠，薛叔浩，应风祥，1997，中国油气储层．北京：石油工业出版社
24．孟元林，肖丽华，杨俊生等，2000，成岩演化数模拟及其应用，地学前缘，第四卷
25．胡见义，牛嘉玉，2001，渤海湾盆地油气聚集理论和勘探实践的再深化：石油学报，第22卷，第1期，P1-5．
26．牛嘉玉、谯汉生，1999，中国东部油气勘探新领域与前景：中国科协首届年会论文集(下)．
27．牛嘉玉，1999，吐哈盆地台北凹陷油气封盖主控因素分析：石油与天然气地质，第20卷，第3期，P232-236．
28．牛嘉玉，李峰，1999，渤海湾盆地滩海地区油气富集规律与勘探：石油学报，第21卷，第2期，P9-13．
29．牛嘉玉，李晋超，薛良清，1994，北方中生界石油超体系特征与分布：石油勘探与开发．
30．牛嘉玉，翁维瑾，徐树宝，1990，辽河西部凹陷重质油的聚集条件与稠变特征：石油学报，第11卷，第4期．
31．童晓光，牛嘉玉，1989，含油气盆地中区域盖层对油气聚集的重要控制作用：石油勘探与开发，第16卷，第4期．
32. Niu Jiayu, Hu Jianyi, 1999. Formation and distribution of heavy oil and tar sands in China: marine and petroleum geology, V16, No.1, P85-95.
33. Niu Jiayu, 1998, Heavy oil and Tar Sands Resources in China: Paper on the 7th UNITAR international conference on heavy crude and tar sands.
34. McTavish, R. A. Pressure retardation of vitrinite digenesis, offshore north-west Europe. Nature, 1978(16),648～650
35. Yukler., M.A., and Kokesh, F., Areview of models used in petroleum resource estimation and organic geochemistry, in: J. Brooks and D. Welt (Editor), Advances in Petroleum Geochemistry, Vol.1, Academic Press, London, 1984
36. Meng Yuanlin, Yang Junsheng, Xiao Lihua and Li Chen. Diagenetic evolution modeling system and its application. In: Hao Dongheng (Editor), Treatises of XⅢ kerulien international conference of geology, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China, 2001
37. Sarah Prosser, 1993, Rift-related linked depositional systems and their seismic expression:Tectonics and Seismic sequence stratigraphy P35-P66
38. Schlische, R.W.,1991, Half-graben basin filling models:new continental extensional basin development:Basin Research, V. 3, P. 123-141
39. Steel, R, J.S. et, 1977, Coarsening-upward cycles in allvium of the Hurnellen Basin Norway:sedimentary response to tectonic events:GSA Bulletin, V. 88, P, 1124-1134
40. Anderson E.J., 1990, characterisitics of a field data base for developing evalutaing quantitative stratigraphic models. In cross, T.A, (ed),Ouantitative Dynamic Stratigraphy, Prentics Hall, New York
2．李明诚，1987，石油与天然气运移，北京：石油工业出版社
3．杨祖序，1989，华北第三纪断陷构造特征与分类，中国含油气区构造特征，北京：石油工业出版社
4．戴金星等，1997，中国大中型天然气田形成条件与分布规律，北京：地质出版社
5．张文佑等，1980，华北断块区的形成与发展，北京：科学出版社
6．吴崇筠，1993，中国含油气盆地沉积学，北京：石油工业出版社
7．赵澄林，1992，东濮凹陷下第三系碎屑岩沉积体系与成岩作用，北京：石油工业出版社
8．姚益民，1995，渤海湾盆地下第三系，北京：石油工业出版社
9．刘宝君，曾允孚等，1985，岩相古地理工作方法，地质出版社
10．周书欣，1991，湖泊沉积体系与油气，科学出版社
11．冯增昭，1993，沉积岩石学，石油工业出版社
12．黄骅坳陷下第三系沉积体系特征，1989，石油工业出版社
13．陆克政、漆家福，1989，渤海湾盆地新生代含油气盆地构造模式，地质出版社
14．陈墨香等，华北地热，1988，北京：科学出版社
15．关世聪等，1984，中国海陆变迁海域沉积相与油气，北京：科学出版社
16．刘鸿允，1955，中国古地理图，北京：科学出版社
17．王鸿祯等，1985，中国古地理图集，北京地图出版社
18．C．K．威尔格斯等编，徐怀大等译，1993，层序地层学原理(海平面变化综合分析)，北京：石油工业出版社
19．王英华等，1995，沉积学及岩相古地理学新进展，北京：石油工业出版社
20．B．P．蒂索等著，郝石生等译，1982，石油形成与和分布
21．胡见义等，1997，中国含油气系统的应用与进展，北京：石油工业出版社
22．L．B．马贡等主编，张刚等译，1998，含油气系统—从烃源岩到圈闭，北京：石油工业出版社
23．裘怿楠，薛叔浩，应风祥，1997，中国油气储层．北京：石油工业出版社
24．孟元林，肖丽华，杨俊生等，2000，成岩演化数模拟及其应用，地学前缘，第四卷
25．胡见义，牛嘉玉，2001，渤海湾盆地油气聚集理论和勘探实践的再深化：石油学报，第22卷，第1期，P1-5．
26．牛嘉玉、谯汉生，1999，中国东部油气勘探新领域与前景：中国科协首届年会论文集(下)．
27．牛嘉玉，1999，吐哈盆地台北凹陷油气封盖主控因素分析：石油与天然气地质，第20卷，第3期，P232-236．
28．牛嘉玉，李峰，1999，渤海湾盆地滩海地区油气富集规律与勘探：石油学报，第21卷，第2期，P9-13．
29．牛嘉玉，李晋超，薛良清，1994，北方中生界石油超体系特征与分布：石油勘探与开发．
30．牛嘉玉，翁维瑾，徐树宝，1990，辽河西部凹陷重质油的聚集条件与稠变特征：石油学报，第11卷，第4期．
31．童晓光，牛嘉玉，1989，含油气盆地中区域盖层对油气聚集的重要控制作用：石油勘探与开发，第16卷，第4期．
32. Niu Jiayu, Hu Jianyi, 1999. Formation and distribution of heavy oil and tar sands in China: marine and petroleum geology, V16, No.1, P85-95.
33. Niu Jiayu, 1998, Heavy oil and Tar Sands Resources in China: Paper on the 7th UNITAR international conference on heavy crude and tar sands.
34. McTavish, R. A. Pressure retardation of vitrinite digenesis, offshore north-west Europe. Nature, 1978(16),648～650
35. Yukler., M.A., and Kokesh, F., Areview of models used in petroleum resource estimation and organic geochemistry, in: J. Brooks and D. Welt (Editor), Advances in Petroleum Geochemistry, Vol.1, Academic Press, London, 1984
36. Meng Yuanlin, Yang Junsheng, Xiao Lihua and Li Chen. Diagenetic evolution modeling system and its application. In: Hao Dongheng (Editor), Treatises of XⅢ kerulien international conference of geology, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China, 2001
37. Sarah Prosser, 1993, Rift-related linked depositional systems and their seismic expression:Tectonics and Seismic sequence stratigraphy P35-P66
38. Schlische, R.W.,1991, Half-graben basin filling models:new continental extensional basin development:Basin Research, V. 3, P. 123-141
39. Steel, R, J.S. et, 1977, Coarsening-upward cycles in allvium of the Hurnellen Basin Norway:sedimentary response to tectonic events:GSA Bulletin, V. 88, P, 1124-1134
40. Anderson E.J., 1990, characterisitics of a field data base for developing evalutaing quantitative stratigraphic models. In cross, T.A, (ed),Ouantitative Dynamic Stratigraphy, Prentics Hall, New York