兼性生化—局部充氧波形潜流人工湿地处理分散污水工艺研究
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摘要
污水的治理必须走集中处理与分散治理相接合的道路,本论文根据分散污水治理的特点,在以下三点形成了创新:提出和构建了兼性生化-局部充氧波形潜流人工湿地(Wavy Subsurface-flow Constructed Wetland, W-SFCW)处理分散污水的工艺路线和处理构筑物;分析了兼性生化的最佳运行条件,首次在波形潜流人工湿地中提出了局部充氧的设想,并利用局部充氧和回流措施提高了湿地对氨氮和总氮的去除率,分别达到93%和50%以上;探讨了组合工艺去除COD的动力学模型及湿地的硝化动力学Monod模型。
通过回归分析和matlab响应曲面分析,得出兼性生化最佳工艺条件分别为:HRT是8h,MLSS为5800mg/L,并在1m3/d的兼性生化中试反应器中进行了验证,试验证明兼性生化对调节水质,提高可生化性及去除COD有一定效果,但是对于去除TP,TN及NH4+-N的效果不明显,也表明要对兼性生化出水进行进一步处理才能达标排放。
在W-SFCW的前端或后端设置局部充氧管,W-SFCW中的溶解氧浓度局部得到改善,而且硝化过程和COD的去除得到加强,当W-SFCW水力负荷达到0.8m3/m~2·d,COD平均去除率达到62.12%和58.09%,NH_4~+-N平均去除率达到93.5%和96.6%,出水COD浓度稳定在30mg/L左右,而且整个系统耐冲击负荷的能力明显提高,出水水质稳定。
在前充氧人工湿地中,将湿地出水按50%的回流比回流到湿地起端,原污水进到湿地的1/3处,获得了较好的TN去除率,达到50%左右。后充氧人工湿地中,按50%回流后,TN去除率达到50%以上,设计中要求后充氧人工湿地的长宽比达到10左右。
分析了局部充氧人工湿地的去除COD和脱氮的机理。分析了影响局部充氧人工湿地的几种因素,分别是温度、溶解氧、pH值、停留时间、有机负荷与水力负荷和湿地的耗氧与供氧。
推导了兼性生化COD降解Monod动力学方程和局部充氧人工湿地COD降解与硝化过程一级动力学模型,获得了组合工艺降解COD的动力学方程,并通过实验数据求解了模型的参数。实验数据显示一级动力学不适用于局部充氧人工湿地的硝化过程,而利用Monod动力学方程推导的局部充氧人工湿地的硝化动力学方程则可以很好的模拟该湿地的硝化过程。提出了组合工艺的相关设计要点及相关参数,可以指导此技术的工程设计与应用。
Wastewater treatment must take the way of combining the centralized treatment and decentralized treatment together. According to the characteristics of decentralized sewage treatment, the following three innovations were proposed in this paper: (1) the technology line and structure for handling wastewater in facultative biochemical technology and wavy subsurface-flow constructed wetland (W-SFCW) with partial aeration were proposed and constructed; (2) The best conditions for the operation of facultative biochemical technology were analyzed, and the assumption of partial aeration in wavy subsurface-flow constructed wetland was proposed for the first time, and the removal rates of NH4+-N and TN were improved by the combination of partial-aeration and recirculation, which could go up to higher than 93% and 50%, respectively; (3) Discussion was made on the kinetic model for COD removal in the combined technology and nitrification Monod model in constructed wetland.
With regression analysis and matlab curve analysis, the best conditions for facultative biochemical technology could be gained: HRT was 8h,MLSS was 5800mg/L,which was validated in facultative biochemical reactor when influent flux was 1m~3/d, and the test also proved that facultative biochemical technology has a certain effect on regulating water quality, enhancing biodegradability and removing COD. However, the effect was not obvious on removing TP, TN and NH4+-N, which showed that further process is needed for the effluent of facultative biochemical technology to achieve the discharge standards.
If partial aeration pipe was placed in the front or at the back of W-SFCW, the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in wastewater could be improved partially, besides, nitrification process and the removal of COD can be strengthened. When the hydraulic load of W-SFCW was 0.8m3/m~2·d, the average removal rate of COD reached 62.12% and 58.09%, and that of NH_4~+-N reached 93.5% and 96.6%. The effluent COD can maintain at about 30mg/L, and furthermore, the shock resistance capacity of the whole system was sharply improved, effluent quality was quite stable.
In the wavy subsurface-flow constructed wetland with aeration in forepart, 50% of effluent was recirculated to the starting part, and raw sewage entered the wetlands at the 1/3 of wetland length, a better removal rate of TN was gained, to about 50%. In wavy subsurface-flow constructed wetland with aeration at the back part, at the same recirculation rate, TN removal rate was higher than 50%. The ratio of length/ width is required about 10 in the design of the latter wetland.
The mechanisms for nitrogen and COD removal in partial-aeration constructed wetlands were analyzed in this paper, and so are the factors that affect the performance of partial-aeration constructed wetlands: temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH value, retention time, organic and hydraulic load, oxygen consumption and supply of wetlands.
Derivation of Monod kinetic equation for COD removal in the facultative biochemical technology and first-grade kinetic model for COD removal and nitrification in partial-aeration constructed wetlands were performed, and kinetic equation for COD removal of combined technology was also gained. Model parameters were gained from experimental data. It was shown that first-grade kinetic does not suit the nitrification process in partial-aeration constructed wetlands, but nitrification kinetic equation derived from Monod kinetic equation for partial- aeration constructed wetland can perfectly simulate nitrification process in the wetland. Relevant design points and parameters for the combined technology were proposed in this paper, which can guide the engineering design and application of this technology.
通过回归分析和matlab响应曲面分析,得出兼性生化最佳工艺条件分别为:HRT是8h,MLSS为5800mg/L,并在1m3/d的兼性生化中试反应器中进行了验证,试验证明兼性生化对调节水质,提高可生化性及去除COD有一定效果,但是对于去除TP,TN及NH4+-N的效果不明显,也表明要对兼性生化出水进行进一步处理才能达标排放。
在W-SFCW的前端或后端设置局部充氧管,W-SFCW中的溶解氧浓度局部得到改善,而且硝化过程和COD的去除得到加强,当W-SFCW水力负荷达到0.8m3/m~2·d,COD平均去除率达到62.12%和58.09%,NH_4~+-N平均去除率达到93.5%和96.6%,出水COD浓度稳定在30mg/L左右,而且整个系统耐冲击负荷的能力明显提高,出水水质稳定。
在前充氧人工湿地中,将湿地出水按50%的回流比回流到湿地起端,原污水进到湿地的1/3处,获得了较好的TN去除率,达到50%左右。后充氧人工湿地中,按50%回流后,TN去除率达到50%以上,设计中要求后充氧人工湿地的长宽比达到10左右。
分析了局部充氧人工湿地的去除COD和脱氮的机理。分析了影响局部充氧人工湿地的几种因素,分别是温度、溶解氧、pH值、停留时间、有机负荷与水力负荷和湿地的耗氧与供氧。
推导了兼性生化COD降解Monod动力学方程和局部充氧人工湿地COD降解与硝化过程一级动力学模型,获得了组合工艺降解COD的动力学方程,并通过实验数据求解了模型的参数。实验数据显示一级动力学不适用于局部充氧人工湿地的硝化过程,而利用Monod动力学方程推导的局部充氧人工湿地的硝化动力学方程则可以很好的模拟该湿地的硝化过程。提出了组合工艺的相关设计要点及相关参数,可以指导此技术的工程设计与应用。
Wastewater treatment must take the way of combining the centralized treatment and decentralized treatment together. According to the characteristics of decentralized sewage treatment, the following three innovations were proposed in this paper: (1) the technology line and structure for handling wastewater in facultative biochemical technology and wavy subsurface-flow constructed wetland (W-SFCW) with partial aeration were proposed and constructed; (2) The best conditions for the operation of facultative biochemical technology were analyzed, and the assumption of partial aeration in wavy subsurface-flow constructed wetland was proposed for the first time, and the removal rates of NH4+-N and TN were improved by the combination of partial-aeration and recirculation, which could go up to higher than 93% and 50%, respectively; (3) Discussion was made on the kinetic model for COD removal in the combined technology and nitrification Monod model in constructed wetland.
With regression analysis and matlab curve analysis, the best conditions for facultative biochemical technology could be gained: HRT was 8h,MLSS was 5800mg/L,which was validated in facultative biochemical reactor when influent flux was 1m~3/d, and the test also proved that facultative biochemical technology has a certain effect on regulating water quality, enhancing biodegradability and removing COD. However, the effect was not obvious on removing TP, TN and NH4+-N, which showed that further process is needed for the effluent of facultative biochemical technology to achieve the discharge standards.
If partial aeration pipe was placed in the front or at the back of W-SFCW, the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in wastewater could be improved partially, besides, nitrification process and the removal of COD can be strengthened. When the hydraulic load of W-SFCW was 0.8m3/m~2·d, the average removal rate of COD reached 62.12% and 58.09%, and that of NH_4~+-N reached 93.5% and 96.6%. The effluent COD can maintain at about 30mg/L, and furthermore, the shock resistance capacity of the whole system was sharply improved, effluent quality was quite stable.
In the wavy subsurface-flow constructed wetland with aeration in forepart, 50% of effluent was recirculated to the starting part, and raw sewage entered the wetlands at the 1/3 of wetland length, a better removal rate of TN was gained, to about 50%. In wavy subsurface-flow constructed wetland with aeration at the back part, at the same recirculation rate, TN removal rate was higher than 50%. The ratio of length/ width is required about 10 in the design of the latter wetland.
The mechanisms for nitrogen and COD removal in partial-aeration constructed wetlands were analyzed in this paper, and so are the factors that affect the performance of partial-aeration constructed wetlands: temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH value, retention time, organic and hydraulic load, oxygen consumption and supply of wetlands.
Derivation of Monod kinetic equation for COD removal in the facultative biochemical technology and first-grade kinetic model for COD removal and nitrification in partial-aeration constructed wetlands were performed, and kinetic equation for COD removal of combined technology was also gained. Model parameters were gained from experimental data. It was shown that first-grade kinetic does not suit the nitrification process in partial-aeration constructed wetlands, but nitrification kinetic equation derived from Monod kinetic equation for partial- aeration constructed wetland can perfectly simulate nitrification process in the wetland. Relevant design points and parameters for the combined technology were proposed in this paper, which can guide the engineering design and application of this technology.
引文
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