涡街信号数字处理技术研究
|
摘要
涡街流量计因其具有无机械可动部件,介质适应性宽,压损小等特点,是流量计量领域中的重要成员。但在长期的应用中振动噪声、小流量测量等问题困扰着设计者和使用者。
本文分析了众多前人的研究成果,针对信号处理中时域、频域、时频分析的各种方法进行了比较和改进,为涡街流量计的数字信号处理技术的实用性作了较全面的研究,并从实际信号角度作出验证。具体内容包含:
1.为研究数字信号处理方法的效果,建立了含有加性和乘性噪声的涡街信号模型;
2.在频域方法的比较中,提出基于相角判据的Rife修正谱估计算法,满足了谱估计算法的精度改善要求,而且基本不增加谱估计的计算量;
3.在时频分析方法的比较中,完善了小波分析算法的滤波检频过程,确定了symletA小波作为母函数;利用分解的概貌系数和细节系数的标准差之比确定分解层,并采用全新的数理统计搜索峰值位置方法检频,几乎达到理论的测量下限;
4.在时域数字滤波算法的比较中,利用遗传自适应参数估计算法优化滤波器设计,并提出双抽样判据的滤波算法对信号进行时域滤波的新思路,也明显拓宽了测量下限;
上述方法的实现需要硬件环境支持,本文最后通过双核技术(基于MSP430单片机和DSP相结合)实现了实际的低功耗涡街流量计的设计。
Vortex flowmeter is an important member in flow measurement field due to its no moving components, insensitivity to media, low pressure loss and so on. However, for a long time, designers and users are fazed by some application problems, such as the vibration noise, measurement of low flow rate and so on.
In this paper, through the analysis of the former researches, the various methods of time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency analysis are compared and improved, the practical digital signal processing technique of the vortex flowmeter is studied completely. Moreover, all of them are verified by real signal data. The key points include:
1. The vortex signal model which consists of additive noise and multiplicative noise is constructed in order to evaluate the digital signal processing methods;
2. Comparing with various algorithms of time domain, the Rife spectrum estimation algorithms based on the phase criterion is proposed. It can satisfy precision of spectrum estimation and almost not increase calculating times.
3. Comparing with the algorithms of time-frequency analysis, Wavelet analysis method is perfected in process of filtering and frequency detecting. The symletA wavelet is selected to be the original wavelet; the number of decomposition levels is decided by ratio of approximation coefficients standard deviation and detail coefficients standard deviation; the frequency is counted by the new peak search method based on mathematical statistics. The final result is almost up to the theoretical low limit.
4. Comparing with the algorithms of digital filtering in time domain, the design of filter is optimized by genetic adaptive parameter estimation,and new filtering method in time domain based double sampling criterion is proposed. The result verifies effectivity to improve the measurement low limit of the flowmeter.
The implement of above-mentioned method needs hardware condition, therefore, a low power double-cores hardware system, composed by Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and microcontroller, is designed.
本文分析了众多前人的研究成果,针对信号处理中时域、频域、时频分析的各种方法进行了比较和改进,为涡街流量计的数字信号处理技术的实用性作了较全面的研究,并从实际信号角度作出验证。具体内容包含:
1.为研究数字信号处理方法的效果,建立了含有加性和乘性噪声的涡街信号模型;
2.在频域方法的比较中,提出基于相角判据的Rife修正谱估计算法,满足了谱估计算法的精度改善要求,而且基本不增加谱估计的计算量;
3.在时频分析方法的比较中,完善了小波分析算法的滤波检频过程,确定了symletA小波作为母函数;利用分解的概貌系数和细节系数的标准差之比确定分解层,并采用全新的数理统计搜索峰值位置方法检频,几乎达到理论的测量下限;
4.在时域数字滤波算法的比较中,利用遗传自适应参数估计算法优化滤波器设计,并提出双抽样判据的滤波算法对信号进行时域滤波的新思路,也明显拓宽了测量下限;
上述方法的实现需要硬件环境支持,本文最后通过双核技术(基于MSP430单片机和DSP相结合)实现了实际的低功耗涡街流量计的设计。
Vortex flowmeter is an important member in flow measurement field due to its no moving components, insensitivity to media, low pressure loss and so on. However, for a long time, designers and users are fazed by some application problems, such as the vibration noise, measurement of low flow rate and so on.
In this paper, through the analysis of the former researches, the various methods of time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency analysis are compared and improved, the practical digital signal processing technique of the vortex flowmeter is studied completely. Moreover, all of them are verified by real signal data. The key points include:
1. The vortex signal model which consists of additive noise and multiplicative noise is constructed in order to evaluate the digital signal processing methods;
2. Comparing with various algorithms of time domain, the Rife spectrum estimation algorithms based on the phase criterion is proposed. It can satisfy precision of spectrum estimation and almost not increase calculating times.
3. Comparing with the algorithms of time-frequency analysis, Wavelet analysis method is perfected in process of filtering and frequency detecting. The symletA wavelet is selected to be the original wavelet; the number of decomposition levels is decided by ratio of approximation coefficients standard deviation and detail coefficients standard deviation; the frequency is counted by the new peak search method based on mathematical statistics. The final result is almost up to the theoretical low limit.
4. Comparing with the algorithms of digital filtering in time domain, the design of filter is optimized by genetic adaptive parameter estimation,and new filtering method in time domain based double sampling criterion is proposed. The result verifies effectivity to improve the measurement low limit of the flowmeter.
The implement of above-mentioned method needs hardware condition, therefore, a low power double-cores hardware system, composed by Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and microcontroller, is designed.
引文
[1] 涡街流量计培训讲座,中国流量网 http://www.chinaflow.com.cn
[2] 孙淮清,姜仲霞,“流量测量技术与仪表选用”讲座 第十八讲 涡街流量计(一),自动化仪表,1998,19(9):43-45
[3] V. Hans, G. Poppen, E. von Lavante and S. Perpeet, Vortex shedding flowmeters and ultrasound detection: signal processing and influence of bluff body geometry,Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, Volume 9, Issue 2, 1998, 79-82
[4] 梁国伟,蔡武昌,流量测量技术及仪表,北京:机械工业出版社,2002,6-13
[5] 孙淮清,姜仲霞,“流量测量技术与仪表选用”讲座 第二十讲 涡街流量计(二),自动化仪表,1998,19(10):42-46
[6] 姜仲霞,涡街流量计现场应用的干扰与对策,自动化仪表,1992,13(8):31-36
[7] 汪林进,应力式涡街流量计使用须解决的问题,炼油化工自动化,1995,(4):42-46
[8] 杨行进,王杰礼,涡街流量计的量程下限,自动化仪表,1997,18(9):9-11
[9] Grzegorz L Pankanin,The vortex flowmeter:various methods of investigating phenomena,Measurement Science and Technology,2005(16):R1-R16
[10] J. J. Miau, C. W. Wu, C. C. Hu and J. H. Chou, A study on signal quality of a vortex flowmeter downstream of two elbows out-of-plane, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, Volume 13, Issue 3, 75-85, 2002
[11] 黄云志,徐科军,脉动流条件下涡街信号瞬时频率的估计,应用科学学报,2005,23(4),389-392
[12] 李永光,林宗虎,气液两相涡街的数值计算,力学与实践,1997(3),14-18
[13] Leo O’Connor,Vortex meters: high-accuracy flow measurement,Mechanical Engineering,1991,(10):46- 49
[14] 蒙建波,朱麟章,自适应频率测量方法(AMF)及其在涡街流量计中的应用,自动化学报,1992,18(3):362-366
[15] 朱麟章,蒙建波,叶志明等,ZLX 型智能涡街流量显示仪,自动化仪表,1994,15(1):12-16
[16] 蒙建波,朱麟章,流体振荡与管道振动对涡街流量频率测量的影响与自适应频率测量方法,自动化仪表,1992,13(2):17-19
[17]SCHLATTER , Gerald, L. Signal Processing Method and Apparatus for Flowmeter. WO 90/04230, 19 April 1990
[18] Kawano, T.,Miyata, T.,Shikuya, N.,et al. Intelligent vortex flowmeter,Proceedings of the Conference on Advances in Instrumentation and Control,1992:997-1009
[19] Amadi-Echendu J E,Zhu H J,Higham E H,Analysis of from vortex flowmeter,Flow measurement and instrumentation,1993,4(4):225-232
[20] J. E. Amadi-Echendu, Hengjun Zhu , Signal analysis applied to vortex flowmeters,IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement, 1992, 41(6):1001-1004
[21] Bernhard Menz,Vortex flowmeter with enhanced accuracy and reliability by means of sensor fusion and validation,Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 1997,22:123-128
[22] Clarke D. W., Ghaoud T., A dual phase-locked loop for vortex flow metering, Flow Meas. Instru. 14:1-11, 2003
[23] Masanori Hondoh, Masami Wada, Tetsuo Andoh,A vortex flowmeter with spectral analysis signal processing,Sensors for Industry Conference,2001,35-40
[24] Masanori Hondoh, Masami Wada, et al,A vortex flowmeter with spectral analysis signal processing,Sicon'01 Sensors for Industry Conference, 2002
[25] YOKOGAWA 漩涡流量计选型设计资料
[26] ABB 涡街流量计手册
[27] Lowell A. Kleven,et al,Rapid transfer function determination for a tracking filter,US 5942696, 1999,8
[28] Lowell A. Kleven,et al,Vortex Flowmeter with Signal Processing, US 6412353B1, 2002,7
[29] Wada et al. Vortex Flowmeter, US 6480812B1, 2002,11
[30] Warren E. cook,Adaptive filter with sweep analyzer for a vortex flowmeter, US 6212975, 2001,4
[31] 吕迅宏,涡街流量计数字信号处理系统的研制[D].合肥:合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,1999
[32] 汪安民,基于数字滤波的涡街流量计信号处理方法的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,2000
[33] 龚振起,顾先立,龚海涛,智能化旋涡流量积算显示系统的研究,哈尔滨工业大学学报,1996,28(5):39-42
[34] 徐科军,汪枫,涡街流量计信号处理的软件方法,仪器技术与传感器,1995,(5):22-25
[35] 顾倩,张崇巍,最大熵谱分析法在流量测量中的应用,全国第六届非电量电测会议论文,1990
[36] 徐科军,汪安民,涡街流量计信号估计的自适应陷波方法,仪器仪表学报,2000,21(2):222-224
[37] 徐科军,汪安民,基于小波变换的涡街流量计信号处理方法,仪器仪表学报,2001,22(6):636-639
[38] 徐科军,黄云志,强干扰下涡街流量计信号处理方法的研究,电子测量与仪器仪表学报,2000(增刊):437-440
[39]徐科军,汪安民,涡街流量计的一种信号处理方法,山东工业大学学报,1999,34(3A):221-223
[40] 徐科军,吕迅宏,陈荣保等,基于 DSP、具有谱分析功能的涡街流量计信号处理系统,仪器仪表学报,2001,22(3):255-264
[41] 刘轶,自回归模型谱估计在理论测量中的应用:[硕士学位论文],西安;西北工业大学,2002
[42] 李文炜,肖善副,黎亚龙,嵌入式数字智能涡街流量计的设计开发,现代电子技术,2003(13):99-102
[43] 黄咏梅,张宏建,胡赤鹰,新 DFT 递推算法在涡街流量信号处理中的应用[J ] ,浙江大学学报:工学版, 2003 , 37 (1) : 51-55
[44] 孙斌,周洪亮,张宏建,黄咏梅,基于 Hilbert—Huang 变换的涡街信号处理方法,浙江大学学报:工学版,2005, 39(6):801-804
[45] 陈洁,李斌,涡街流量信号处理中 FFT 谱分析法的探讨,上海大学学报( 自然科学版), 2004,10(3):244-247
[46] 凌箐,涡街流量计信号处理的松弛陷波周期图法:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2002
[47] Sun Hong-jun, Zhang Tao,WAVELET DENOISING METHOD USED IN THE VORTEX FLOWMETER , IEEE International Conference on Machine and Cybernetics, 2003
[48] 孙宏军,张涛,凌箐,基于松弛陷波周期图法的涡街流量计信号处理技术的研究,仪器仪表学报,2004,25(5):577-581
[49] 吴鹏,子波消噪法在涡街流量传感器信号处理中的应用研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2003
[50] 张涛,吴鹏,基于子波变换的消噪方法在涡街流量传感器中的应用,天津大学学报,2003,36(1):33-36
[51] 张涛,吴鹏,基于子波变换的涡街流量传感器信号分析,计量学报,2003,24(3):199-201
[52] 张涛,段瑞峰,孙宏军,基于双核技术的数字涡街流量计信号处理系统. 化工自动化及仪表,2004,31(6):71-74
[53] 邢娟,脉冲输出型数字涡街流量计的研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2005
[54] 郑丹丹,基于 Duffing 振子和双窗估计的涡街信号处理方法研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2006
[55] 段瑞峰,基于双核技术的数字涡街流量计信号处理系统:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2004
[56] K.EI Washed,M.W.Johnson,J.L.Sproston,Numerical study of vortex shedding from different shaped bluff bodied,Flow measurement and instrumentation,1993, 4( 4):233- 240
[57] M.Takamoto,H.Utsumi,N.Watanabe,Y.Terao,Installation effects on vortex shedding flowmeters,Flow measurement and instrumentation,1993,4( 4):277- 285
[58] 苏彦勋,李金海,流量计量,北京:中国计量出版社,1991.131-141
[59] Roshko.A.,On the development turbulent wakes from vortex streets,NACA report 1191,1954
[60] C.H.K.Williamson,Defining a universal and continuous Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship for the laminar vortex shedding of a circular cylinder,Phys. Fluids,1988,31(10):2742-2744
[61] Fernando L.,Ponta,Strouhal-Reynolds Number Relationship for Vortex Streets, Physical Review Letters,2004,93(8):1-4
[62] 戴干策,陈敏恒,化工流体力学,北京:化学工业出版社,1988
[63] 沈兴武,应力式涡街流量传感器振动噪声抑制方法探讨,自动化仪表,1987,8(12):18-22
[64] 范玉久,化工测量及仪表,化学工业出版社,1981
[65] 马凤英,应力式涡街流量传感器信号处理,自动化仪表,1988,9(3)
[66] 胡广书,数字信号处理理论、算法与实现,北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[67] 潘士先,谱估计和自适应滤波,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1991
[68] 黄云志,基于时频分析的涡街流量计信号处理方法与系统的研究,合肥工业大学博士学位论文,2006
[69] Jian Li,Petre Stoica,Angle and waveform estimation via RELAX,IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems,1997,33(3):1077-1087
[70] 张昌菊,唐斌,单频信号快速频率估计算法比较及改进,电视技术,2005,1(1):72-75
[71] Petre Stoica,Arye Nehorai,MUSIC, Maximum Likelihood and Cramer-Rao Bound,IEEE transactions on acoustics, speech and signal processing,1989,37( 5): 720-741
[72] B G Quinn.Estimating frequency by interpolation using Fourier coefficients [J].IEEE Trans.Signal Processing.1994,42:1265-1268
[73] Peter T. Gough,A fast spectral estimation algorithm based on the FFT,IEEE transactions on signal processing,1994,42( 6):1317-1322
[74] Jian Li,Petre Stoica,Efficient mixed-spectrum estimation with applications to target feature extraction,IEEE transactions on signal processing,1996,44( 2): 281-295
[75] Florian Keiler,Sylvain Marchand,Survey on extraction of sinusoids in stationary sounds,Proc. Of the 5th Int. Conference on Digital Audio Effects,2002,9:51-58
[76] 何伟,唐斌,肖先赐,六点拟合的正弦信号的插值多项式测频,信号处理,2003,19(4):316-318
[77] D. C. Rife,R.R.Boorstyn,Single-tone parameter estimation from discrete.time observation.IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory,1974,IT-20(5):591-598.
[78] Ganesan,Complex sinusoid frequency estimation at very low SNR ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings, v 3, 1995, p 1772-1775
[79] 林云松,黄勇,肖先赐,实正弦信号的快速相位差分频率估计方法,电子科技大学学报,1999,28(2) 120-123
[80] Steven M. Kay, Spectrum Analysis-A Modern Perspective, Proceedings of the IEEE, 1981, 69(11), 1380-1419
[81] W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, and B.P. Flannery, Minimization or maximization of functions,in Numerical Recipes in C (The Art of Scientific Computing), Cambridge University Press, USA, 2nd edition, 1992.
[82] B.Hu R.G.Gosine,A new eigenstructure method for sinusoidal signal retrieval in white noise, IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing 1997,SP-45(12),3073-3083
[83] 胡来招,采用相位推算的精确频率估计,电子对抗,2001,76(1),16-20
[84] 朱雪田,彭玉华,周正,于岱峰,低信噪比下的提高正弦波频率估计精度算法,电路与系统学报,2001,6(4):103-106
[85] 刘渝,快速、准确高精确度正弦渡频率估计综合算法[J], 电子学报,1999.27(6):126-128
[86] Xie Ming, Ding Kang, Correction for the frequency, amplitude and Phase in FFT of harmonic signal [J] ,Mechanical System and Signal Processing.1996.10(2): 211-221
[87] Thomas Gravdke, Interpolation algorithms for discrete Fourier transforms of weighted signals[J].IEEE Transactions Instrumentation and Measurement, 1983.IM 32(2):350-355
[88] 段云锋,曾安军.基于 DFT 的数字信号高精度测频[J].电子技术研究,2003,(2).22-24
[89] 齐国清,贾欣乐,插值 FFT 估计正弦信号频率的精度分析[J],电子学报,2004,32(4):625-629
[90] 齐国清,FMCW 液位测量雷达系统设计及信号处理方法研究[D].博士学位论文,大连:大连海事大学,2001
[91] 丁康,张晓飞.频谱校正理论的发展[J].振动工程学报,2000,13(1):15-22.
[92] 朱小勇,丁康.离散频谱校正方法的综合比较[J].信号处理,2001,17(1):91-97
[93] 丁康,谢明,王志杰.离散频谱的幅值、相位和频率的校正方法及误差分析[J].动态分析与测试技术,1996,14(1):10-29.
[94] 谢明,丁康,离散频谱分析的一种新校正方法[J]重庆大学学报,1995,18(2):47-54
[95] 孟建,相参信号频谱的精确估计[J].系统工程与电子技术,1999,21(10):67-70.
[96] 喻胜,陈光福,一种精确测量周期信号参数的窗口和内插算法[J].电子科技大学学报,1999,28(5):520-523.
[97] 陈祝明,丁义元,向敬成,提高线性调频连续波雷达测距精度的最大值估值方法[J],系统工程与电子技术,1999,21(6):39-42
[98] F. Auger and P. Flandrin, Improving the readibility of timefrequency and time-scale representations by the reassignment method, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol.43, no. 5, pp. 1068–1089, 1995.
[99] 崔强,朱洪,相敬林,谱分析中栅栏效应的影响及频率和幅度的精确估计方法,声学与电子工程,1993,3:10-13
[100] 齐国清 ,贾欣乐,基于 DFT 相位的正弦波频率和初相的高精度估计方法,电子学报,2001,29(9):1164-1167
[101] Li-Min Zhu, Han-Xiong Li, Han Ding. Estimation of multi-frequency signal parameters by frequency domain non-linear least squares, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 2005 (19) : 955–973
[102] Erik G. Larssona, Petre Stoicab, Jian Li,Spectral estimation via adaptive filterbank methods: a unifed analysis and a new algorithm, Signal Processing 82 (2002) 1991–2001
[103] Donoho D.L.,Denoising by Soft-thresheding,IEEE Trans.On information theory.1999(41):617-627
[104] Mallat S , Hwang W L . Singularity Detection and Processing with Wavelets[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,1992,38(2):617-643.
[105] Mallat S G.A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition[J].The wavelet representation,IEEE Trans.on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1989,(7):674—693.
[106] 张毅,杨秀霞,小波消噪在微弱信号检测中的应用,微计算机信息.2006(01S).-113-114,221
[107] 杨春玲,戴景民,刘 超,小波变换用于抑制干扰信号几种方法的比较研究,湖南大学学报(自然科学版)2002,29(6):76-81
[108] 林京,基于最大似然估计的小波阈值消噪技术及信号特征提取,仪器仪表学报.2005,26(9): -923-927
[109] D. L. Donoho, I. M. Johnstone, Ideal spatial adaption by wavelet shinkage.Biometrika,1994,81(3):425-455.
[110] J.Lin, L.Qu, Feature extraction based on Morlet wavelet and its application for mechanical fault diagnosis.Journal of Sound and Vibration,2000,234(1):135-148.
[111] 戴朝华,朱云芳,陈维荣,一种新的小波消噪阈值选取方法,组合机床与自动化加工技术.2005(6).-33-35
[112] Stephane Mallat 著,杨力华,等译.信号处理的小波导引(第 2 版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[113] 赵瑞珍,宋国乡.一种基于小波变换的白噪声消噪方法的改进[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2002,27(5):619-622
[114] 高清维,小波与分形在时间序列分析中的若干算法及其应用研究,中国科学技术大学博士学位论文,2002.10
[115] 杨洁,刘聪锋,小波分析在信号消噪中的应用,西安邮电学院学报,2004,9(3).-59-63
[116] 庞绍芳,张代英,陈跃宁,基于小波包分析的能量阈值消噪,辽宁大学学报:自然科学版.2004,31(2).-140-142
[117] 王再锋,邵广周,应用B样条小波进行磁化率观测值的消噪,石油物探. 2004, 43(5).-497-500
[118] 管亮 冯新泸,基于小波变换的信号消噪效果影响因素研究及其 Matlab 实践,自动化与仪器仪表.2004(6).-43-46
[119] Cohen I,Raz S,Malah D. Translation—invariant denoising using the minim um description length criterion.Signal Processing, 1999,75(3):20l-223
[120] Cherkassky V , Shao X . Signal estimation and denoising using VC theory.Neural Networks,2001,14(1):37-52
[121] 祝海龙,郭天佑,屈梁生,基于二进小波变换和软阈值改进的信号消噪[J],自动化学报.2004, 30(2).-199-206
[122] 胡昌华,基于 Matlab 的系统分析与设计—— 小波分析[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.
[123] 李建平.唐远炎.小波分析方法的应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2000.
[124] 程正兴.小波分析算法与应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001.
[125] 彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用[M].北京:科技出版社,1999.
[126] 石光明 李小平 孙江敏 焦李成,时变信噪比信号的子波消噪,西安电子科技大学学报.2003,30(5).-580-584
[127] 石光明,李阜东,焦李成.窄带干扰抑制的子带门限法[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2003,30(2):146-150
[128] S.Mallat, S.Zhong, Characteriztion of signal from multiscale edges, IEEE Trans.Pattern Ana1.Machine Intell.1992 , (14): 710-732.
[129] Daubechies I.The wavelet transform,time.frequency localization and signal analysis[J].IEEE Trans,1990.36(5):961—1005.
[130] 杨福生,小波变换的工程分析与应用[M]:北京.科学出版社,2000.
[131] 潘泉 张磊 孟晋丽 张洪才等,小波滤波方法及应用[M],清华大学出版社.2005
[132] 刘刚,屈梁生,自适应阈值选择和小波消噪方法研究,信号处理. 2002, 18(6).-509-512
[133] 刘刚.应用连续小波变换检测机器中的撞击与故障定位,西安交通大学博士学位论文,2001.11
[134] 何世彪 杨士中,3σ 准则在小波消噪中的应用,重庆大学学报:自然科学版.2002,25(12).-58-61
[135] MAILAT S., Characterization of signals from multiscale edges[J].IEEE Trans,1992,PAMI-14177:710-732.
[136] 耿艳峰 ,冯叔初,小波构造综述[J],石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,Vo1.28(1),127-131.
[137] Donoho D L,Wavelet shrinkage and WVD 一 A ten minutes tour[c].Progress in wavelet analysis and application,l 993.425～ 455
[138] 邱慧敏,刘鸿雁,一种基于冗余离散小波变换的信号消噪技术[J],重庆邮电学院学报:自然科学版. 2000, 12(3). 32-35, 38
[139] Hu Shaoxiang; Zhiwu Liao, Signal denoising using wavelet packet hidden Markov model, 2004 International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems, Vol.2:751 - 755
[140] Chen, G.Y., Bui, T.D., Krzyzak, A., Image denoising using neighbouring wavelet coefficients, Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2004.Proceedings. (ICASSP '04). IEEE International Conference on, Volume 2: ii - 917-20 vol.2
[141] La Moyne L. Porter II and Kevin M. Passino, Genetic Adaptive And Supervisory Control, International Journal of Intelligent Control and Systems, Vol. 2, No.1, (1998) 1-41.
[142] James R. Gremling and Kevin M. Passino, Genetic Adaptive Parameter Estimation, International Journal of Intelligent Control and Systems, Vol. 3, No.4 (1999) 465-503.
[143] C. Vlachos, D. Williams and J.B. Gomm, Genetic Approach to Decentralised PI Controller Tuning for Multivariable Process, IEE Proc-Control Theory Appl., v 146, n 1, Jan. 1999, p 58-64.
[144] 吴湘淇,聂涛,数字信号处理技术及应用[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,1986
[145] 邓自立,最优滤波理论及其应用——现代时间序列分析方法[M],哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000
[146] Simon Haykin 著,郑宝玉等译,自适应滤波器原理[M],电子工业出版社,2003
[147] Thomas F. Quatieri 著,赵胜辉,刘家康,谢湘等译,离散时间语音信号处理——原理与应用[M],电子工业出版社,2004
[148] 龚耀寰,自适应滤波——时域自适应和智能天线[M],电子工业出版社,2003
[149] Ashok Ambardar 著,冯博琴,冯岚等译,信号、系统与信号处理(上下册)[M],机械工业出版社,2001
[150] 段红,魏俊民,现代测试信号处理理论与实践[M],中国纺织出版社,2005
[151] Steven M.Kay 著,罗鹏飞等译,统计信号处理基础——估计与检测理论[M],电子工业出版社,2003
[152] 胡来招,瞬时测频[M],国防工业出版社,2002
[153] 张雄伟,陈亮,徐光辉,DSP 芯片的原理与开发应用[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[154] 周霖等,DSP 算法设计与系统方案[J],北京:国防工业出版社,2004.33-49
[155] 孙玉杰,涡街流量计前置放大器的研制[J],东北电力技术,1998,8(8):43-46
[156] 魏小龙,MSP430 系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[157] TMS320VC5416 Fixed-point Digital Processor Data Manual, Texas Instrument,2003
[158] 金永贤,智能化电子产品的低功耗设计[J],华东交通大学学报,2001,18(1):15-16
[159] Texas Instruments Application Report SPRA164,Texas Instruments,1997,6
[160] 张勇,C/C++语言硬件程序设计——基于 TMS320C5000 系列 DSP[M],西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.
[2] 孙淮清,姜仲霞,“流量测量技术与仪表选用”讲座 第十八讲 涡街流量计(一),自动化仪表,1998,19(9):43-45
[3] V. Hans, G. Poppen, E. von Lavante and S. Perpeet, Vortex shedding flowmeters and ultrasound detection: signal processing and influence of bluff body geometry,Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, Volume 9, Issue 2, 1998, 79-82
[4] 梁国伟,蔡武昌,流量测量技术及仪表,北京:机械工业出版社,2002,6-13
[5] 孙淮清,姜仲霞,“流量测量技术与仪表选用”讲座 第二十讲 涡街流量计(二),自动化仪表,1998,19(10):42-46
[6] 姜仲霞,涡街流量计现场应用的干扰与对策,自动化仪表,1992,13(8):31-36
[7] 汪林进,应力式涡街流量计使用须解决的问题,炼油化工自动化,1995,(4):42-46
[8] 杨行进,王杰礼,涡街流量计的量程下限,自动化仪表,1997,18(9):9-11
[9] Grzegorz L Pankanin,The vortex flowmeter:various methods of investigating phenomena,Measurement Science and Technology,2005(16):R1-R16
[10] J. J. Miau, C. W. Wu, C. C. Hu and J. H. Chou, A study on signal quality of a vortex flowmeter downstream of two elbows out-of-plane, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, Volume 13, Issue 3, 75-85, 2002
[11] 黄云志,徐科军,脉动流条件下涡街信号瞬时频率的估计,应用科学学报,2005,23(4),389-392
[12] 李永光,林宗虎,气液两相涡街的数值计算,力学与实践,1997(3),14-18
[13] Leo O’Connor,Vortex meters: high-accuracy flow measurement,Mechanical Engineering,1991,(10):46- 49
[14] 蒙建波,朱麟章,自适应频率测量方法(AMF)及其在涡街流量计中的应用,自动化学报,1992,18(3):362-366
[15] 朱麟章,蒙建波,叶志明等,ZLX 型智能涡街流量显示仪,自动化仪表,1994,15(1):12-16
[16] 蒙建波,朱麟章,流体振荡与管道振动对涡街流量频率测量的影响与自适应频率测量方法,自动化仪表,1992,13(2):17-19
[17]SCHLATTER , Gerald, L. Signal Processing Method and Apparatus for Flowmeter. WO 90/04230, 19 April 1990
[18] Kawano, T.,Miyata, T.,Shikuya, N.,et al. Intelligent vortex flowmeter,Proceedings of the Conference on Advances in Instrumentation and Control,1992:997-1009
[19] Amadi-Echendu J E,Zhu H J,Higham E H,Analysis of from vortex flowmeter,Flow measurement and instrumentation,1993,4(4):225-232
[20] J. E. Amadi-Echendu, Hengjun Zhu , Signal analysis applied to vortex flowmeters,IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement, 1992, 41(6):1001-1004
[21] Bernhard Menz,Vortex flowmeter with enhanced accuracy and reliability by means of sensor fusion and validation,Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 1997,22:123-128
[22] Clarke D. W., Ghaoud T., A dual phase-locked loop for vortex flow metering, Flow Meas. Instru. 14:1-11, 2003
[23] Masanori Hondoh, Masami Wada, Tetsuo Andoh,A vortex flowmeter with spectral analysis signal processing,Sensors for Industry Conference,2001,35-40
[24] Masanori Hondoh, Masami Wada, et al,A vortex flowmeter with spectral analysis signal processing,Sicon'01 Sensors for Industry Conference, 2002
[25] YOKOGAWA 漩涡流量计选型设计资料
[26] ABB 涡街流量计手册
[27] Lowell A. Kleven,et al,Rapid transfer function determination for a tracking filter,US 5942696, 1999,8
[28] Lowell A. Kleven,et al,Vortex Flowmeter with Signal Processing, US 6412353B1, 2002,7
[29] Wada et al. Vortex Flowmeter, US 6480812B1, 2002,11
[30] Warren E. cook,Adaptive filter with sweep analyzer for a vortex flowmeter, US 6212975, 2001,4
[31] 吕迅宏,涡街流量计数字信号处理系统的研制[D].合肥:合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,1999
[32] 汪安民,基于数字滤波的涡街流量计信号处理方法的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,2000
[33] 龚振起,顾先立,龚海涛,智能化旋涡流量积算显示系统的研究,哈尔滨工业大学学报,1996,28(5):39-42
[34] 徐科军,汪枫,涡街流量计信号处理的软件方法,仪器技术与传感器,1995,(5):22-25
[35] 顾倩,张崇巍,最大熵谱分析法在流量测量中的应用,全国第六届非电量电测会议论文,1990
[36] 徐科军,汪安民,涡街流量计信号估计的自适应陷波方法,仪器仪表学报,2000,21(2):222-224
[37] 徐科军,汪安民,基于小波变换的涡街流量计信号处理方法,仪器仪表学报,2001,22(6):636-639
[38] 徐科军,黄云志,强干扰下涡街流量计信号处理方法的研究,电子测量与仪器仪表学报,2000(增刊):437-440
[39]徐科军,汪安民,涡街流量计的一种信号处理方法,山东工业大学学报,1999,34(3A):221-223
[40] 徐科军,吕迅宏,陈荣保等,基于 DSP、具有谱分析功能的涡街流量计信号处理系统,仪器仪表学报,2001,22(3):255-264
[41] 刘轶,自回归模型谱估计在理论测量中的应用:[硕士学位论文],西安;西北工业大学,2002
[42] 李文炜,肖善副,黎亚龙,嵌入式数字智能涡街流量计的设计开发,现代电子技术,2003(13):99-102
[43] 黄咏梅,张宏建,胡赤鹰,新 DFT 递推算法在涡街流量信号处理中的应用[J ] ,浙江大学学报:工学版, 2003 , 37 (1) : 51-55
[44] 孙斌,周洪亮,张宏建,黄咏梅,基于 Hilbert—Huang 变换的涡街信号处理方法,浙江大学学报:工学版,2005, 39(6):801-804
[45] 陈洁,李斌,涡街流量信号处理中 FFT 谱分析法的探讨,上海大学学报( 自然科学版), 2004,10(3):244-247
[46] 凌箐,涡街流量计信号处理的松弛陷波周期图法:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2002
[47] Sun Hong-jun, Zhang Tao,WAVELET DENOISING METHOD USED IN THE VORTEX FLOWMETER , IEEE International Conference on Machine and Cybernetics, 2003
[48] 孙宏军,张涛,凌箐,基于松弛陷波周期图法的涡街流量计信号处理技术的研究,仪器仪表学报,2004,25(5):577-581
[49] 吴鹏,子波消噪法在涡街流量传感器信号处理中的应用研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2003
[50] 张涛,吴鹏,基于子波变换的消噪方法在涡街流量传感器中的应用,天津大学学报,2003,36(1):33-36
[51] 张涛,吴鹏,基于子波变换的涡街流量传感器信号分析,计量学报,2003,24(3):199-201
[52] 张涛,段瑞峰,孙宏军,基于双核技术的数字涡街流量计信号处理系统. 化工自动化及仪表,2004,31(6):71-74
[53] 邢娟,脉冲输出型数字涡街流量计的研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2005
[54] 郑丹丹,基于 Duffing 振子和双窗估计的涡街信号处理方法研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2006
[55] 段瑞峰,基于双核技术的数字涡街流量计信号处理系统:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2004
[56] K.EI Washed,M.W.Johnson,J.L.Sproston,Numerical study of vortex shedding from different shaped bluff bodied,Flow measurement and instrumentation,1993, 4( 4):233- 240
[57] M.Takamoto,H.Utsumi,N.Watanabe,Y.Terao,Installation effects on vortex shedding flowmeters,Flow measurement and instrumentation,1993,4( 4):277- 285
[58] 苏彦勋,李金海,流量计量,北京:中国计量出版社,1991.131-141
[59] Roshko.A.,On the development turbulent wakes from vortex streets,NACA report 1191,1954
[60] C.H.K.Williamson,Defining a universal and continuous Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship for the laminar vortex shedding of a circular cylinder,Phys. Fluids,1988,31(10):2742-2744
[61] Fernando L.,Ponta,Strouhal-Reynolds Number Relationship for Vortex Streets, Physical Review Letters,2004,93(8):1-4
[62] 戴干策,陈敏恒,化工流体力学,北京:化学工业出版社,1988
[63] 沈兴武,应力式涡街流量传感器振动噪声抑制方法探讨,自动化仪表,1987,8(12):18-22
[64] 范玉久,化工测量及仪表,化学工业出版社,1981
[65] 马凤英,应力式涡街流量传感器信号处理,自动化仪表,1988,9(3)
[66] 胡广书,数字信号处理理论、算法与实现,北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[67] 潘士先,谱估计和自适应滤波,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1991
[68] 黄云志,基于时频分析的涡街流量计信号处理方法与系统的研究,合肥工业大学博士学位论文,2006
[69] Jian Li,Petre Stoica,Angle and waveform estimation via RELAX,IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems,1997,33(3):1077-1087
[70] 张昌菊,唐斌,单频信号快速频率估计算法比较及改进,电视技术,2005,1(1):72-75
[71] Petre Stoica,Arye Nehorai,MUSIC, Maximum Likelihood and Cramer-Rao Bound,IEEE transactions on acoustics, speech and signal processing,1989,37( 5): 720-741
[72] B G Quinn.Estimating frequency by interpolation using Fourier coefficients [J].IEEE Trans.Signal Processing.1994,42:1265-1268
[73] Peter T. Gough,A fast spectral estimation algorithm based on the FFT,IEEE transactions on signal processing,1994,42( 6):1317-1322
[74] Jian Li,Petre Stoica,Efficient mixed-spectrum estimation with applications to target feature extraction,IEEE transactions on signal processing,1996,44( 2): 281-295
[75] Florian Keiler,Sylvain Marchand,Survey on extraction of sinusoids in stationary sounds,Proc. Of the 5th Int. Conference on Digital Audio Effects,2002,9:51-58
[76] 何伟,唐斌,肖先赐,六点拟合的正弦信号的插值多项式测频,信号处理,2003,19(4):316-318
[77] D. C. Rife,R.R.Boorstyn,Single-tone parameter estimation from discrete.time observation.IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory,1974,IT-20(5):591-598.
[78] Ganesan,Complex sinusoid frequency estimation at very low SNR ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings, v 3, 1995, p 1772-1775
[79] 林云松,黄勇,肖先赐,实正弦信号的快速相位差分频率估计方法,电子科技大学学报,1999,28(2) 120-123
[80] Steven M. Kay, Spectrum Analysis-A Modern Perspective, Proceedings of the IEEE, 1981, 69(11), 1380-1419
[81] W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, and B.P. Flannery, Minimization or maximization of functions,in Numerical Recipes in C (The Art of Scientific Computing), Cambridge University Press, USA, 2nd edition, 1992.
[82] B.Hu R.G.Gosine,A new eigenstructure method for sinusoidal signal retrieval in white noise, IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing 1997,SP-45(12),3073-3083
[83] 胡来招,采用相位推算的精确频率估计,电子对抗,2001,76(1),16-20
[84] 朱雪田,彭玉华,周正,于岱峰,低信噪比下的提高正弦波频率估计精度算法,电路与系统学报,2001,6(4):103-106
[85] 刘渝,快速、准确高精确度正弦渡频率估计综合算法[J], 电子学报,1999.27(6):126-128
[86] Xie Ming, Ding Kang, Correction for the frequency, amplitude and Phase in FFT of harmonic signal [J] ,Mechanical System and Signal Processing.1996.10(2): 211-221
[87] Thomas Gravdke, Interpolation algorithms for discrete Fourier transforms of weighted signals[J].IEEE Transactions Instrumentation and Measurement, 1983.IM 32(2):350-355
[88] 段云锋,曾安军.基于 DFT 的数字信号高精度测频[J].电子技术研究,2003,(2).22-24
[89] 齐国清,贾欣乐,插值 FFT 估计正弦信号频率的精度分析[J],电子学报,2004,32(4):625-629
[90] 齐国清,FMCW 液位测量雷达系统设计及信号处理方法研究[D].博士学位论文,大连:大连海事大学,2001
[91] 丁康,张晓飞.频谱校正理论的发展[J].振动工程学报,2000,13(1):15-22.
[92] 朱小勇,丁康.离散频谱校正方法的综合比较[J].信号处理,2001,17(1):91-97
[93] 丁康,谢明,王志杰.离散频谱的幅值、相位和频率的校正方法及误差分析[J].动态分析与测试技术,1996,14(1):10-29.
[94] 谢明,丁康,离散频谱分析的一种新校正方法[J]重庆大学学报,1995,18(2):47-54
[95] 孟建,相参信号频谱的精确估计[J].系统工程与电子技术,1999,21(10):67-70.
[96] 喻胜,陈光福,一种精确测量周期信号参数的窗口和内插算法[J].电子科技大学学报,1999,28(5):520-523.
[97] 陈祝明,丁义元,向敬成,提高线性调频连续波雷达测距精度的最大值估值方法[J],系统工程与电子技术,1999,21(6):39-42
[98] F. Auger and P. Flandrin, Improving the readibility of timefrequency and time-scale representations by the reassignment method, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol.43, no. 5, pp. 1068–1089, 1995.
[99] 崔强,朱洪,相敬林,谱分析中栅栏效应的影响及频率和幅度的精确估计方法,声学与电子工程,1993,3:10-13
[100] 齐国清 ,贾欣乐,基于 DFT 相位的正弦波频率和初相的高精度估计方法,电子学报,2001,29(9):1164-1167
[101] Li-Min Zhu, Han-Xiong Li, Han Ding. Estimation of multi-frequency signal parameters by frequency domain non-linear least squares, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 2005 (19) : 955–973
[102] Erik G. Larssona, Petre Stoicab, Jian Li,Spectral estimation via adaptive filterbank methods: a unifed analysis and a new algorithm, Signal Processing 82 (2002) 1991–2001
[103] Donoho D.L.,Denoising by Soft-thresheding,IEEE Trans.On information theory.1999(41):617-627
[104] Mallat S , Hwang W L . Singularity Detection and Processing with Wavelets[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,1992,38(2):617-643.
[105] Mallat S G.A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition[J].The wavelet representation,IEEE Trans.on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1989,(7):674—693.
[106] 张毅,杨秀霞,小波消噪在微弱信号检测中的应用,微计算机信息.2006(01S).-113-114,221
[107] 杨春玲,戴景民,刘 超,小波变换用于抑制干扰信号几种方法的比较研究,湖南大学学报(自然科学版)2002,29(6):76-81
[108] 林京,基于最大似然估计的小波阈值消噪技术及信号特征提取,仪器仪表学报.2005,26(9): -923-927
[109] D. L. Donoho, I. M. Johnstone, Ideal spatial adaption by wavelet shinkage.Biometrika,1994,81(3):425-455.
[110] J.Lin, L.Qu, Feature extraction based on Morlet wavelet and its application for mechanical fault diagnosis.Journal of Sound and Vibration,2000,234(1):135-148.
[111] 戴朝华,朱云芳,陈维荣,一种新的小波消噪阈值选取方法,组合机床与自动化加工技术.2005(6).-33-35
[112] Stephane Mallat 著,杨力华,等译.信号处理的小波导引(第 2 版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[113] 赵瑞珍,宋国乡.一种基于小波变换的白噪声消噪方法的改进[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2002,27(5):619-622
[114] 高清维,小波与分形在时间序列分析中的若干算法及其应用研究,中国科学技术大学博士学位论文,2002.10
[115] 杨洁,刘聪锋,小波分析在信号消噪中的应用,西安邮电学院学报,2004,9(3).-59-63
[116] 庞绍芳,张代英,陈跃宁,基于小波包分析的能量阈值消噪,辽宁大学学报:自然科学版.2004,31(2).-140-142
[117] 王再锋,邵广周,应用B样条小波进行磁化率观测值的消噪,石油物探. 2004, 43(5).-497-500
[118] 管亮 冯新泸,基于小波变换的信号消噪效果影响因素研究及其 Matlab 实践,自动化与仪器仪表.2004(6).-43-46
[119] Cohen I,Raz S,Malah D. Translation—invariant denoising using the minim um description length criterion.Signal Processing, 1999,75(3):20l-223
[120] Cherkassky V , Shao X . Signal estimation and denoising using VC theory.Neural Networks,2001,14(1):37-52
[121] 祝海龙,郭天佑,屈梁生,基于二进小波变换和软阈值改进的信号消噪[J],自动化学报.2004, 30(2).-199-206
[122] 胡昌华,基于 Matlab 的系统分析与设计—— 小波分析[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.
[123] 李建平.唐远炎.小波分析方法的应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2000.
[124] 程正兴.小波分析算法与应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001.
[125] 彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用[M].北京:科技出版社,1999.
[126] 石光明 李小平 孙江敏 焦李成,时变信噪比信号的子波消噪,西安电子科技大学学报.2003,30(5).-580-584
[127] 石光明,李阜东,焦李成.窄带干扰抑制的子带门限法[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2003,30(2):146-150
[128] S.Mallat, S.Zhong, Characteriztion of signal from multiscale edges, IEEE Trans.Pattern Ana1.Machine Intell.1992 , (14): 710-732.
[129] Daubechies I.The wavelet transform,time.frequency localization and signal analysis[J].IEEE Trans,1990.36(5):961—1005.
[130] 杨福生,小波变换的工程分析与应用[M]:北京.科学出版社,2000.
[131] 潘泉 张磊 孟晋丽 张洪才等,小波滤波方法及应用[M],清华大学出版社.2005
[132] 刘刚,屈梁生,自适应阈值选择和小波消噪方法研究,信号处理. 2002, 18(6).-509-512
[133] 刘刚.应用连续小波变换检测机器中的撞击与故障定位,西安交通大学博士学位论文,2001.11
[134] 何世彪 杨士中,3σ 准则在小波消噪中的应用,重庆大学学报:自然科学版.2002,25(12).-58-61
[135] MAILAT S., Characterization of signals from multiscale edges[J].IEEE Trans,1992,PAMI-14177:710-732.
[136] 耿艳峰 ,冯叔初,小波构造综述[J],石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,Vo1.28(1),127-131.
[137] Donoho D L,Wavelet shrinkage and WVD 一 A ten minutes tour[c].Progress in wavelet analysis and application,l 993.425～ 455
[138] 邱慧敏,刘鸿雁,一种基于冗余离散小波变换的信号消噪技术[J],重庆邮电学院学报:自然科学版. 2000, 12(3). 32-35, 38
[139] Hu Shaoxiang; Zhiwu Liao, Signal denoising using wavelet packet hidden Markov model, 2004 International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems, Vol.2:751 - 755
[140] Chen, G.Y., Bui, T.D., Krzyzak, A., Image denoising using neighbouring wavelet coefficients, Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2004.Proceedings. (ICASSP '04). IEEE International Conference on, Volume 2: ii - 917-20 vol.2
[141] La Moyne L. Porter II and Kevin M. Passino, Genetic Adaptive And Supervisory Control, International Journal of Intelligent Control and Systems, Vol. 2, No.1, (1998) 1-41.
[142] James R. Gremling and Kevin M. Passino, Genetic Adaptive Parameter Estimation, International Journal of Intelligent Control and Systems, Vol. 3, No.4 (1999) 465-503.
[143] C. Vlachos, D. Williams and J.B. Gomm, Genetic Approach to Decentralised PI Controller Tuning for Multivariable Process, IEE Proc-Control Theory Appl., v 146, n 1, Jan. 1999, p 58-64.
[144] 吴湘淇,聂涛,数字信号处理技术及应用[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,1986
[145] 邓自立,最优滤波理论及其应用——现代时间序列分析方法[M],哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000
[146] Simon Haykin 著,郑宝玉等译,自适应滤波器原理[M],电子工业出版社,2003
[147] Thomas F. Quatieri 著,赵胜辉,刘家康,谢湘等译,离散时间语音信号处理——原理与应用[M],电子工业出版社,2004
[148] 龚耀寰,自适应滤波——时域自适应和智能天线[M],电子工业出版社,2003
[149] Ashok Ambardar 著,冯博琴,冯岚等译,信号、系统与信号处理(上下册)[M],机械工业出版社,2001
[150] 段红,魏俊民,现代测试信号处理理论与实践[M],中国纺织出版社,2005
[151] Steven M.Kay 著,罗鹏飞等译,统计信号处理基础——估计与检测理论[M],电子工业出版社,2003
[152] 胡来招,瞬时测频[M],国防工业出版社,2002
[153] 张雄伟,陈亮,徐光辉,DSP 芯片的原理与开发应用[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[154] 周霖等,DSP 算法设计与系统方案[J],北京:国防工业出版社,2004.33-49
[155] 孙玉杰,涡街流量计前置放大器的研制[J],东北电力技术,1998,8(8):43-46
[156] 魏小龙,MSP430 系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[157] TMS320VC5416 Fixed-point Digital Processor Data Manual, Texas Instrument,2003
[158] 金永贤,智能化电子产品的低功耗设计[J],华东交通大学学报,2001,18(1):15-16
[159] Texas Instruments Application Report SPRA164,Texas Instruments,1997,6
[160] 张勇,C/C++语言硬件程序设计——基于 TMS320C5000 系列 DSP[M],西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.