高地应力巷道围岩破坏特征及支护机理试验研究
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摘要
随着生产技术水平的不断提高,地下工程的规模与数量也在日益扩大,面向地下深部建设已经成为了目前人类工程活动的必然选择。但是,深部大规模地下工程建设必将带来高地应力、高温以及软岩控制等一系列技术难题,尤其是高地应力带来的难支护问题已经成为深部地下工程面临的一项亟待解决的重要课题,这也在一定程度上限制了深部地下工程建设规模和速度。针对深部应力状态的复杂性及围岩破坏特征,目前研究尚不十分成熟。所以,研究高地应力下巷道围岩破坏特征及稳定性控制就成为了深部工程建设亟待探讨的问题。
以《显德汪矿复杂应力大变形硐室群综合控制技术研究》为蓝本,采用自行开发研制的CM60/10平面应变试验台配合三轴伺服试验机,并结合CM250/18平面应力试验台进行支护效果研究,采用FLAC~(3D)数值模拟相互验证的手段,进行了高地应力巷道围岩变形破坏特征及支护机理试验研究,主要分析了采用不同注浆支护形式巷道围岩应力分布、破坏特征以及位移变形等,对比了采用锚网注+底角锚索支护和简易支护条件下支护效果并进行了工业性试验。主要获得如下结论:
(1)自行研制了配合三轴伺服试验台应用的操作简便的CM60/10平面应变试验台,并介绍了其尺寸设计、制作方法以及工作原理。现场实际操作发现CM60/10平面应变试验台能够较为简易地获得巷道围岩的破坏特征。
(2)提出了巷道围岩应力集中结构的概念。认为巷道围岩应力集中分布于破坏圈外围,形成以“应力集中圈”、“应力集中壳”、“应力集中环”和“应力集中泡”为主要体系的三维围岩应力集中结构。分析了围岩应力结构各个分支之间的相互转化规律,揭示了围岩破坏的主要根源在于应力集中壳的失稳。
(3)划分了λ<1状态巷道围岩破坏过程分区。第Ⅰ破裂带:巷道初期碎胀直至破坏,两帮逐渐形成楔形三角形,增大巷道跨度。(楔形破裂带);第Ⅱ破裂带:当巷道两帮楔形破坏区充分剪断破坏后,巷道两上拱角及底角失去了支撑作用后逐步失稳。(二次破裂带);第Ⅲ破裂带:由于拱角的失稳以及滑移裂隙向顶板转移,使顶板丧失支撑体,诱发断裂失稳,形成顶底板第Ⅲ破裂带。(贯通失稳带)
(4)采用数值模拟手段研究了裸巷在不同地应力状态下应力演变和分区破坏形式以及巷道群开挖围岩应力扰动规律,并得出了一些有益结论。
As production technology level increased steadily and the constant expansion of human activity, the scale and amount of underground engineering is increased increasingly. Underground deep construction has become the inevitable choice of engineering project activities. But deep large underground engineering construction will bring a series of technical problems of high ground stress. Especially, high ground stress brought to difficult bracing problem which is becoming an important subject that deep underground engineering face to be researched and solved. It also limited the scale and speed of deep underground engineering construction to some extent. In present, we still cannot understand and analyze these phenomena adequately. According to the stress complexity and failure characteristics of depth surrounding rock, present research is still not mature. So, research of the failure characteristics and stability control of roadway surrounding rock has become a problem which needed to be discussed of the engineering construction under high ground stress.
In this paper, "Study on the Comprehensive Control Technology of Complex Stress and Large Deformation Chamber Group in Xiandewang Coal Mine" as the blueprint, the experimental technique of self developed CM60/10 plane strain test-bed combined with triaxial servo tester and CM250/18 plane stress test-bed was used to research failure characteristics and supporting effect. FLAC3D numerical simulation was used to make contrast verification with the physical experiment simulation. Experimental research on the failure characteristics and support mechanism of surrounding rock under high ground stress was accomplished by the above technical means. The surrounding rock stress distribution, failure characteristics and displacement deformation of the single roadway without support was analyzed. Supporting effect of bolt-mesh- injection+ base angle anchor support and simple support was compared, and the former was used into industrial test.
The main research contents and conclusion are as follows:
(1) The concept of stress concentration structure of surrounding rock was proposed, which is that the stress in roadway surrounding rock concentrated on the outer ring of destroyed zone to form the three-dimensional stress concentration structure of surrounding rock which is consist of "stress concentration circle", "stress concentration shell", "stress concentration ring" and "stress concentration bubble". The transformation law of each other among each branch of surrounding rock stress structure was analyzed, and the main damage root of surrounding rock is the instability of stress concentration shell was revealed.
(2) The CM60/10 plane strain test-bed was self developed which can combine with the triaxial servo test-bed simply and conveniently. Its size design, manufacture method and working principle were introduced. The site actual operation showed that the CM60/10 plane strain test-bed can more easily obtain the failure characteristics of the surrounding rock.
(3) Failure process partition of surrounding rock inλ< 1 state was divided. The first fracture zone: sidewall exfoliation occurs during the initial stage of roadway destruction, and then gradually formed a wedge failure, the roadway span was increased. (Wedge failure zone); The second fracture zone: when the wedge failure zone was fully cut and lost the supporting function, the skewbacks and base angles will gradually lose stability (Second failure zone); The third fracture zone: due to the instability of skewbacks and base angles and slip line of the sidewall transfer to the roof, the roof lose supporting gradually, then the roof lose its stability. (Transfixion instability zone)
(4) The evolution of stress and partition failure modes under different stress state and the disturbance law were studied by numerical simulation.
以《显德汪矿复杂应力大变形硐室群综合控制技术研究》为蓝本,采用自行开发研制的CM60/10平面应变试验台配合三轴伺服试验机,并结合CM250/18平面应力试验台进行支护效果研究,采用FLAC~(3D)数值模拟相互验证的手段,进行了高地应力巷道围岩变形破坏特征及支护机理试验研究,主要分析了采用不同注浆支护形式巷道围岩应力分布、破坏特征以及位移变形等,对比了采用锚网注+底角锚索支护和简易支护条件下支护效果并进行了工业性试验。主要获得如下结论:
(1)自行研制了配合三轴伺服试验台应用的操作简便的CM60/10平面应变试验台,并介绍了其尺寸设计、制作方法以及工作原理。现场实际操作发现CM60/10平面应变试验台能够较为简易地获得巷道围岩的破坏特征。
(2)提出了巷道围岩应力集中结构的概念。认为巷道围岩应力集中分布于破坏圈外围,形成以“应力集中圈”、“应力集中壳”、“应力集中环”和“应力集中泡”为主要体系的三维围岩应力集中结构。分析了围岩应力结构各个分支之间的相互转化规律,揭示了围岩破坏的主要根源在于应力集中壳的失稳。
(3)划分了λ<1状态巷道围岩破坏过程分区。第Ⅰ破裂带:巷道初期碎胀直至破坏,两帮逐渐形成楔形三角形,增大巷道跨度。(楔形破裂带);第Ⅱ破裂带:当巷道两帮楔形破坏区充分剪断破坏后,巷道两上拱角及底角失去了支撑作用后逐步失稳。(二次破裂带);第Ⅲ破裂带:由于拱角的失稳以及滑移裂隙向顶板转移,使顶板丧失支撑体,诱发断裂失稳,形成顶底板第Ⅲ破裂带。(贯通失稳带)
(4)采用数值模拟手段研究了裸巷在不同地应力状态下应力演变和分区破坏形式以及巷道群开挖围岩应力扰动规律,并得出了一些有益结论。
As production technology level increased steadily and the constant expansion of human activity, the scale and amount of underground engineering is increased increasingly. Underground deep construction has become the inevitable choice of engineering project activities. But deep large underground engineering construction will bring a series of technical problems of high ground stress. Especially, high ground stress brought to difficult bracing problem which is becoming an important subject that deep underground engineering face to be researched and solved. It also limited the scale and speed of deep underground engineering construction to some extent. In present, we still cannot understand and analyze these phenomena adequately. According to the stress complexity and failure characteristics of depth surrounding rock, present research is still not mature. So, research of the failure characteristics and stability control of roadway surrounding rock has become a problem which needed to be discussed of the engineering construction under high ground stress.
In this paper, "Study on the Comprehensive Control Technology of Complex Stress and Large Deformation Chamber Group in Xiandewang Coal Mine" as the blueprint, the experimental technique of self developed CM60/10 plane strain test-bed combined with triaxial servo tester and CM250/18 plane stress test-bed was used to research failure characteristics and supporting effect. FLAC3D numerical simulation was used to make contrast verification with the physical experiment simulation. Experimental research on the failure characteristics and support mechanism of surrounding rock under high ground stress was accomplished by the above technical means. The surrounding rock stress distribution, failure characteristics and displacement deformation of the single roadway without support was analyzed. Supporting effect of bolt-mesh- injection+ base angle anchor support and simple support was compared, and the former was used into industrial test.
The main research contents and conclusion are as follows:
(1) The concept of stress concentration structure of surrounding rock was proposed, which is that the stress in roadway surrounding rock concentrated on the outer ring of destroyed zone to form the three-dimensional stress concentration structure of surrounding rock which is consist of "stress concentration circle", "stress concentration shell", "stress concentration ring" and "stress concentration bubble". The transformation law of each other among each branch of surrounding rock stress structure was analyzed, and the main damage root of surrounding rock is the instability of stress concentration shell was revealed.
(2) The CM60/10 plane strain test-bed was self developed which can combine with the triaxial servo test-bed simply and conveniently. Its size design, manufacture method and working principle were introduced. The site actual operation showed that the CM60/10 plane strain test-bed can more easily obtain the failure characteristics of the surrounding rock.
(3) Failure process partition of surrounding rock inλ< 1 state was divided. The first fracture zone: sidewall exfoliation occurs during the initial stage of roadway destruction, and then gradually formed a wedge failure, the roadway span was increased. (Wedge failure zone); The second fracture zone: when the wedge failure zone was fully cut and lost the supporting function, the skewbacks and base angles will gradually lose stability (Second failure zone); The third fracture zone: due to the instability of skewbacks and base angles and slip line of the sidewall transfer to the roof, the roof lose supporting gradually, then the roof lose its stability. (Transfixion instability zone)
(4) The evolution of stress and partition failure modes under different stress state and the disturbance law were studied by numerical simulation.
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