种植密度对两种穗型冬小麦品种主要生理特性及产量的影响
|
摘要
2004～2006年连续两年在河南农业大学科教示范园区大田生产试验下,以多穗型小麦品种豫麦49-198和大穗型小麦品种兰考矮早八为供试材料,研究了种植密度对两种穗型冬小麦品种光合特性、主要生理特性及产量性状的影响。主要试验结果如下:
1.种植密度对两种穗型冬小麦品种群体发育存在调控效应。在本试验条件下,两种穗型品种群体数量和叶面积指数随种植密度增加变化规律不同,多穗型品种豫麦49-198返青期之前群体数量基本随种植密度增加呈逐渐升高的变化趋势,返青期之后则以B_3处理的群体数最高;大穗型品种兰考矮早八生育期内各处理间群体差异较小,返青期之前基本随种植密度增加呈逐渐升高的变化趋势,返青至孕穗期,低密度水平的群体总数偏高,至开花期各处理间群体总数差异较小。叶面积指数(LAI)变化动态与群体相似,均是先增高后降低,且各处理LAI多随种植密度增加而逐渐增加(兰考矮早八拔节期后除外)。灌浆后期播种密度过高的处理因群体生长环境恶化,导致LAI偏低。
2.种植密度对两种穗型冬小麦品种旗叶Chl、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP和qN产生不同程度的影响。其中,多穗型品种豫麦49-198旗叶叶绿素含量花后14d之前以最低密度的B_1处理一直保持最高水平,花后21-35d则以中间密度的B_2、B_3处理较高;兰考矮早八花后21d之前各密度处理间差异均不显著,花后28天之后,旗叶叶绿素含量均以密度较高的C_3处理最高,且与其他处理间达到0.01的极显著水平。两种穗型品种旗叶Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和qP值在整个测定期内变化趋势一致,均呈下降的变化趋势,其中,豫麦49-198拔节期以后以两个中间密度处理的Fv/Fo较高,以最高和最低密度的两个处理较低(灌浆初期的Fv/Fo除外)。兰考矮早八开花期之前也以两个中间密度处理的Fv/Fo较高,之后低密度处理则表现出明显的优势。两种穗型冬小麦品种非光化学猝灭系数(qN)随着生育期的推进呈逐渐升高的变化趋势。多穗型小麦品种豫麦49-198生育期内的qN值一直以中间密度处理的较小,大穗型品种兰考矮早八灌浆期之前以中间密度处理的qN值较小,之后则以较高密度的C_3处理较大。说明该品种在C_3密度处理条件下PSⅡ天线色素捕获的光能中,不能用于光合作用而是以热的形式耗散掉的光能部分明显偏多。
3.随着灌浆进程的推进,两种穗型冬小麦品种旗叶SPS、SS以及籽粒中SS活性均呈单峰曲线变化,且均在花后14d达到峰值。豫麦49-198较高密度的B_3处理灌浆期旗叶SPS和SS活性花后14d之后一直处于最低水平,而低密度的B_1处理旗叶SPS和SS活性则较高。大穗型品种兰考矮早八灌浆前期基本以较低密度处理的旗叶SPS和SS活性较高,而最高密度的C_4处理则一直处于劣势。在整个籽粒灌浆过程中,小麦旗叶中氮代谢酶活性总体呈下降的趋势,其中,两种穗型品种NR活性在灌浆前期以最高和最低密度的两处理较高,灌浆后期则以中间密度处理的活性较高;多穗型品种豫麦49-198旗叶GS活性在花后14d之内,各密度处理间的差异较小,之后差异增大;大穗型品种兰考矮早八旗叶GS活性的变化与豫麦49-198表现出相似的变化趋势。
4.两种穗型冬小麦品种旗叶糖含量呈单峰曲线变化,多穗型品种豫麦49-198灌浆前期以B_2处理蔗糖和可溶性糖含量较高,以最高密度的B_4处理较低,灌浆后期较高密度的B_3处理则表现出明显优势;大穗型品种兰考矮早八灌浆期内旗叶蔗糖和可溶性糖含量则以高密度的处理较高。籽粒中糖含量两种穗型品种均以第二个密度的B_2和C_2处理前期的积累量大,且降解转化利用率高。多穗型品种豫麦49-198在最高密度B_4处理条件下籽粒糖含量充足,但其转化速率较低,而最低密度的B_1处理灌浆初期籽粒的糖含量较低,其转化速率也较慢。大穗型品种兰考矮早八灌浆中期以前,籽粒糖含量一直以C_1、C_2两个低密度处理较高,且降低速率也较快;C_3、C_4两个高密度处理不仅籽粒糖含量较低,其降低速率也较小;花后21天之后,其蔗糖和可溶性糖分别以密度中等的C_2和C_3处理最高,均以密度最大的C_4处理最低。
5.不同种植密度对两种穗型冬小麦品种籽粒淀粉含量及其组成有一定影响。多穗型品种豫麦49-198的总淀粉含量以密度较高的B_3处理最高,灌浆期间的淀粉积累速率也均以该处理较快;大穗型品种兰考矮早八总淀粉含量以密度较低的C_1处理最高,淀粉积累速率在灌浆前期以较低密度的处理积累较快,灌浆中期以中间密度处理的积累较快,而最终的淀粉含量则以低密度的C_1处理最高,且两品种淀粉含量在不同密度处理间的差异均未达到显著水平。不同密度条件下豫麦49-198籽粒蛋白质含量表现为B_4＞B_3＞B_1＞B_2,兰考矮早八的蛋白质含量表现为C_1＞C_4＞C_3＞C_2。
6.在本试验条件下,两种穗型冬小麦品种产量均以第二个密度处理最高。进一步分析其产量构成因素,增产的主要原因在于该处理条件下穗粒数、千粒重明显提高。两种穗型品种产量最低的处理分别为B_4和C_4。分析可知,B_4和C_4两处理虽然穗数较高,但其穗粒数明显偏低,导致其最终产量较低。从三个产量构成因素综合考虑,两穗型品种成穗数随密度增加而增加,但当其增加到一定程度后又略有降低;两种穗型冬小麦品种穗粒数均随种植密度增加而减少;而千粒重则以第二个密度处理最高,以最高密度处理的千粒重最低,且各处理间差异不显著。
综合本试验结果,两种穗型品种高产优质栽培,多穗型品种豫麦49-198基本苗以150×10~4/hm~2的B_2处理,大穗型品种兰考矮早八基本苗以375×10~4/hm~2的C_2处理较为适宜的种植密度。在上述两种播种密度条件下,两种穗型冬小麦品种的群体结构、光合生理指标较优,产量也较高。
Under field experiments,two cultivars including multi-spike and large-spike winter wheat were cultivated in growth season during 2004-2006 at Henan Agricultural University Research Station to evaluate the effects on Photosynthesis Characteristics、physiological characteristics and yield.The main results were as follow:
1.There were effects on colony under planting densities of two winter wheat cultivars with different spike type.But it had differences between two cultivars,for yumai49-198,the colony showed increased with the increasing in planting densities before reviving,and then, the highest colony was observed on the B_3 treatment;for lankaoaizao8,the differences was not obviously under planting densities,as increased with the increasing in planting densities before reviving,reviving to booting stage,the lower density treatments were favorable,the colony were higher,when anthesis,the spikes had broken down with the mid-density treatments.The Leaf area index(LAI)increased during procreate period with two spike type winter wheat with the increasing of density(expect for lankaoaizao8 at jointing);at the late filling stage,the surrounding to get worse and the LAI was lower.
2.Planting densities had different effects on Ch1、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP and qN of flag leaf of two spike type winter wheat.For yumai49-198,the great content of chl was observed on B_1 treatment before 14d after anthesis,during 21-35d after anthesis the chl content were higher under B_2 and B_3 treatments.For lankaoaizao8,the differences was not obviously before 21d after anthesis,but after 28d after anthesis the highest chl content was observed on C_3 treatment and there were significant differences.The Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm and qP of flag leaf decreased during determining periods of two spike type winter wheat,for yumai49-198,the higher Fv/Fo was observed under two mid-level densities treatments as B_2、B_3,the B_1 and B_4 were lower(expect for in the early of filling stage);for lankaoaizao8,the mid-level densities were favorable before anthesis,but after anthesis the Fv/Fo were higher under lower densities.The change of qN increased during determining periods of two spike type winter wheat.For yumai49-198,the qN was lower under the mid-level densities during determining periods,but for lankaoaizao8,the qN was lower under the mid-level density before filling stage,then the qN was higher under the C_3 treatment.
3.The activity of SPS and SS in flag leaf showed a single peak-curve,and the curve appeared at 14d after anthesis of two spike type winter wheat.For yumai49-198,The SPS and SS of B_3 treatment was in inferior position after 14d after anthesis,but the B_1 treatment was higher all the time during filling stage;and for lankaoaizao8,the activity of SPS and SS in flag leaf under lower density treatments were favorable in pre-filling stage,and the highest density as C_4 treatment was bad.NR、GS activity in flag leaf decreased with days after flower increasing.And the NR activity at the lowest and highest plant density treatments is higher from the beginning of anthesis to 21 days after anthesis with two spike type winter wheat.And during 28-35d after anthesis the mid-level density treatments were favorzble.The differences of GS under different treatments was not obviously with yumai49-198 before 14 days after anthesis,then the differences was significant;The lankaoaizao8 was similar as yumai49-198.
4.The results indicated that the sucrose content and the soluble sugar content in flag leaf showed a single peak-curve,for yumai49-198,the higher content was observed on B_2 treatment,and the lower was B_4 from the beginning of anthesis to 14 days after anthesis,in the late of filling stage the higher-level density as B_3 treatment was favorable;for lankaoaizao8,the higher-level density were better in the whole filling stage.The sucrose content and the soluble sugar content in grains of two wheat cultivars were favorable under the second treatment,and that the rate of using was better.For yumai49-198,the sugar content was plenitude under the highest planting density as B_4 treatment,but it was not favorable to the transform;and the lowest planting density as B_1,not only the content was not plenitude but also the transform was bad.As for lankaoaozao8,both the sugar content and the rate of using were advantageous under lower density treatments.
5.The starch content in grains of two wheat cultivars increased in grain filling stage, and the rate of starch accumulation showed a single-peak curve,and the peak value appeared during 21-28d after anthesis.Planting densities had effects on starch content and its component:Yumai49-198,a multi-spikes cultivar,the highest starch content in grains when mature and the proper rate of starch accumulation were observed on B_3 treatment(225×10~4/hm~2);and lankaoaizao8,a large-spike cultivar,the highest starch content was obtained on C_1 treatment(300×10~4/hm~2);There were differences among treatments with two spike type winter wheat,but the differences were not significant.The soluble protein content in grains under different density showed that:B_4＞B_3＞B_1＞B_2 with Yumai49-198,and C_1＞C_4＞C_3＞C_2 with lankaoaizao8.
6.Under this experiment,the highest yield was observed on the second level of density with both the two cultivars.And the grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were promoted obviously.And that the worst treatments for yield were B_4 and C_3,for B_4,the spikes/hm~2 was higher,but the grains per spike was lower;for C_3,both the spikes/hm2 and grains per spike were bad.Then with the spikes/hm~2,it showed increased when density increasing with ynmai49-198,but the change of lankaoaizao8 was not obviously;The grains per spike decreased with increasing of density;And the 1000-grain weight was best under the second treatments,and the highest density was disadvantageous,but the differences among treatments were not significant.
Based on the results of this experiment,we established the suitable planting density to high yield and high quality.That was,to multi-spike wheat yumai49-198 the basic seedlings was 150×104/hm~2,and the basic seedlings at 375×104/hm~2 with large-spike wheat lankaoaizao8 were better.And these two treatments,the colony structure and photosynthesis characters index was better,the yield was higher.
1.种植密度对两种穗型冬小麦品种群体发育存在调控效应。在本试验条件下,两种穗型品种群体数量和叶面积指数随种植密度增加变化规律不同,多穗型品种豫麦49-198返青期之前群体数量基本随种植密度增加呈逐渐升高的变化趋势,返青期之后则以B_3处理的群体数最高;大穗型品种兰考矮早八生育期内各处理间群体差异较小,返青期之前基本随种植密度增加呈逐渐升高的变化趋势,返青至孕穗期,低密度水平的群体总数偏高,至开花期各处理间群体总数差异较小。叶面积指数(LAI)变化动态与群体相似,均是先增高后降低,且各处理LAI多随种植密度增加而逐渐增加(兰考矮早八拔节期后除外)。灌浆后期播种密度过高的处理因群体生长环境恶化,导致LAI偏低。
2.种植密度对两种穗型冬小麦品种旗叶Chl、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP和qN产生不同程度的影响。其中,多穗型品种豫麦49-198旗叶叶绿素含量花后14d之前以最低密度的B_1处理一直保持最高水平,花后21-35d则以中间密度的B_2、B_3处理较高;兰考矮早八花后21d之前各密度处理间差异均不显著,花后28天之后,旗叶叶绿素含量均以密度较高的C_3处理最高,且与其他处理间达到0.01的极显著水平。两种穗型品种旗叶Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和qP值在整个测定期内变化趋势一致,均呈下降的变化趋势,其中,豫麦49-198拔节期以后以两个中间密度处理的Fv/Fo较高,以最高和最低密度的两个处理较低(灌浆初期的Fv/Fo除外)。兰考矮早八开花期之前也以两个中间密度处理的Fv/Fo较高,之后低密度处理则表现出明显的优势。两种穗型冬小麦品种非光化学猝灭系数(qN)随着生育期的推进呈逐渐升高的变化趋势。多穗型小麦品种豫麦49-198生育期内的qN值一直以中间密度处理的较小,大穗型品种兰考矮早八灌浆期之前以中间密度处理的qN值较小,之后则以较高密度的C_3处理较大。说明该品种在C_3密度处理条件下PSⅡ天线色素捕获的光能中,不能用于光合作用而是以热的形式耗散掉的光能部分明显偏多。
3.随着灌浆进程的推进,两种穗型冬小麦品种旗叶SPS、SS以及籽粒中SS活性均呈单峰曲线变化,且均在花后14d达到峰值。豫麦49-198较高密度的B_3处理灌浆期旗叶SPS和SS活性花后14d之后一直处于最低水平,而低密度的B_1处理旗叶SPS和SS活性则较高。大穗型品种兰考矮早八灌浆前期基本以较低密度处理的旗叶SPS和SS活性较高,而最高密度的C_4处理则一直处于劣势。在整个籽粒灌浆过程中,小麦旗叶中氮代谢酶活性总体呈下降的趋势,其中,两种穗型品种NR活性在灌浆前期以最高和最低密度的两处理较高,灌浆后期则以中间密度处理的活性较高;多穗型品种豫麦49-198旗叶GS活性在花后14d之内,各密度处理间的差异较小,之后差异增大;大穗型品种兰考矮早八旗叶GS活性的变化与豫麦49-198表现出相似的变化趋势。
4.两种穗型冬小麦品种旗叶糖含量呈单峰曲线变化,多穗型品种豫麦49-198灌浆前期以B_2处理蔗糖和可溶性糖含量较高,以最高密度的B_4处理较低,灌浆后期较高密度的B_3处理则表现出明显优势;大穗型品种兰考矮早八灌浆期内旗叶蔗糖和可溶性糖含量则以高密度的处理较高。籽粒中糖含量两种穗型品种均以第二个密度的B_2和C_2处理前期的积累量大,且降解转化利用率高。多穗型品种豫麦49-198在最高密度B_4处理条件下籽粒糖含量充足,但其转化速率较低,而最低密度的B_1处理灌浆初期籽粒的糖含量较低,其转化速率也较慢。大穗型品种兰考矮早八灌浆中期以前,籽粒糖含量一直以C_1、C_2两个低密度处理较高,且降低速率也较快;C_3、C_4两个高密度处理不仅籽粒糖含量较低,其降低速率也较小;花后21天之后,其蔗糖和可溶性糖分别以密度中等的C_2和C_3处理最高,均以密度最大的C_4处理最低。
5.不同种植密度对两种穗型冬小麦品种籽粒淀粉含量及其组成有一定影响。多穗型品种豫麦49-198的总淀粉含量以密度较高的B_3处理最高,灌浆期间的淀粉积累速率也均以该处理较快;大穗型品种兰考矮早八总淀粉含量以密度较低的C_1处理最高,淀粉积累速率在灌浆前期以较低密度的处理积累较快,灌浆中期以中间密度处理的积累较快,而最终的淀粉含量则以低密度的C_1处理最高,且两品种淀粉含量在不同密度处理间的差异均未达到显著水平。不同密度条件下豫麦49-198籽粒蛋白质含量表现为B_4＞B_3＞B_1＞B_2,兰考矮早八的蛋白质含量表现为C_1＞C_4＞C_3＞C_2。
6.在本试验条件下,两种穗型冬小麦品种产量均以第二个密度处理最高。进一步分析其产量构成因素,增产的主要原因在于该处理条件下穗粒数、千粒重明显提高。两种穗型品种产量最低的处理分别为B_4和C_4。分析可知,B_4和C_4两处理虽然穗数较高,但其穗粒数明显偏低,导致其最终产量较低。从三个产量构成因素综合考虑,两穗型品种成穗数随密度增加而增加,但当其增加到一定程度后又略有降低;两种穗型冬小麦品种穗粒数均随种植密度增加而减少;而千粒重则以第二个密度处理最高,以最高密度处理的千粒重最低,且各处理间差异不显著。
综合本试验结果,两种穗型品种高产优质栽培,多穗型品种豫麦49-198基本苗以150×10~4/hm~2的B_2处理,大穗型品种兰考矮早八基本苗以375×10~4/hm~2的C_2处理较为适宜的种植密度。在上述两种播种密度条件下,两种穗型冬小麦品种的群体结构、光合生理指标较优,产量也较高。
Under field experiments,two cultivars including multi-spike and large-spike winter wheat were cultivated in growth season during 2004-2006 at Henan Agricultural University Research Station to evaluate the effects on Photosynthesis Characteristics、physiological characteristics and yield.The main results were as follow:
1.There were effects on colony under planting densities of two winter wheat cultivars with different spike type.But it had differences between two cultivars,for yumai49-198,the colony showed increased with the increasing in planting densities before reviving,and then, the highest colony was observed on the B_3 treatment;for lankaoaizao8,the differences was not obviously under planting densities,as increased with the increasing in planting densities before reviving,reviving to booting stage,the lower density treatments were favorable,the colony were higher,when anthesis,the spikes had broken down with the mid-density treatments.The Leaf area index(LAI)increased during procreate period with two spike type winter wheat with the increasing of density(expect for lankaoaizao8 at jointing);at the late filling stage,the surrounding to get worse and the LAI was lower.
2.Planting densities had different effects on Ch1、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP and qN of flag leaf of two spike type winter wheat.For yumai49-198,the great content of chl was observed on B_1 treatment before 14d after anthesis,during 21-35d after anthesis the chl content were higher under B_2 and B_3 treatments.For lankaoaizao8,the differences was not obviously before 21d after anthesis,but after 28d after anthesis the highest chl content was observed on C_3 treatment and there were significant differences.The Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm and qP of flag leaf decreased during determining periods of two spike type winter wheat,for yumai49-198,the higher Fv/Fo was observed under two mid-level densities treatments as B_2、B_3,the B_1 and B_4 were lower(expect for in the early of filling stage);for lankaoaizao8,the mid-level densities were favorable before anthesis,but after anthesis the Fv/Fo were higher under lower densities.The change of qN increased during determining periods of two spike type winter wheat.For yumai49-198,the qN was lower under the mid-level densities during determining periods,but for lankaoaizao8,the qN was lower under the mid-level density before filling stage,then the qN was higher under the C_3 treatment.
3.The activity of SPS and SS in flag leaf showed a single peak-curve,and the curve appeared at 14d after anthesis of two spike type winter wheat.For yumai49-198,The SPS and SS of B_3 treatment was in inferior position after 14d after anthesis,but the B_1 treatment was higher all the time during filling stage;and for lankaoaizao8,the activity of SPS and SS in flag leaf under lower density treatments were favorable in pre-filling stage,and the highest density as C_4 treatment was bad.NR、GS activity in flag leaf decreased with days after flower increasing.And the NR activity at the lowest and highest plant density treatments is higher from the beginning of anthesis to 21 days after anthesis with two spike type winter wheat.And during 28-35d after anthesis the mid-level density treatments were favorzble.The differences of GS under different treatments was not obviously with yumai49-198 before 14 days after anthesis,then the differences was significant;The lankaoaizao8 was similar as yumai49-198.
4.The results indicated that the sucrose content and the soluble sugar content in flag leaf showed a single peak-curve,for yumai49-198,the higher content was observed on B_2 treatment,and the lower was B_4 from the beginning of anthesis to 14 days after anthesis,in the late of filling stage the higher-level density as B_3 treatment was favorable;for lankaoaizao8,the higher-level density were better in the whole filling stage.The sucrose content and the soluble sugar content in grains of two wheat cultivars were favorable under the second treatment,and that the rate of using was better.For yumai49-198,the sugar content was plenitude under the highest planting density as B_4 treatment,but it was not favorable to the transform;and the lowest planting density as B_1,not only the content was not plenitude but also the transform was bad.As for lankaoaozao8,both the sugar content and the rate of using were advantageous under lower density treatments.
5.The starch content in grains of two wheat cultivars increased in grain filling stage, and the rate of starch accumulation showed a single-peak curve,and the peak value appeared during 21-28d after anthesis.Planting densities had effects on starch content and its component:Yumai49-198,a multi-spikes cultivar,the highest starch content in grains when mature and the proper rate of starch accumulation were observed on B_3 treatment(225×10~4/hm~2);and lankaoaizao8,a large-spike cultivar,the highest starch content was obtained on C_1 treatment(300×10~4/hm~2);There were differences among treatments with two spike type winter wheat,but the differences were not significant.The soluble protein content in grains under different density showed that:B_4＞B_3＞B_1＞B_2 with Yumai49-198,and C_1＞C_4＞C_3＞C_2 with lankaoaizao8.
6.Under this experiment,the highest yield was observed on the second level of density with both the two cultivars.And the grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were promoted obviously.And that the worst treatments for yield were B_4 and C_3,for B_4,the spikes/hm~2 was higher,but the grains per spike was lower;for C_3,both the spikes/hm2 and grains per spike were bad.Then with the spikes/hm~2,it showed increased when density increasing with ynmai49-198,but the change of lankaoaizao8 was not obviously;The grains per spike decreased with increasing of density;And the 1000-grain weight was best under the second treatments,and the highest density was disadvantageous,but the differences among treatments were not significant.
Based on the results of this experiment,we established the suitable planting density to high yield and high quality.That was,to multi-spike wheat yumai49-198 the basic seedlings was 150×104/hm~2,and the basic seedlings at 375×104/hm~2 with large-spike wheat lankaoaizao8 were better.And these two treatments,the colony structure and photosynthesis characters index was better,the yield was higher.
引文
[1]Rawson H M,Evans L T.The contribution of stem reserve to grain development in a range of wheat cultivars of different height(J).Austr.J.Agr.Res,1971,22:851-863.
[2]郭天财,姚战军,王晨阳,等.水肥运筹对小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响(J).西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1786-1791.
[3]Banziger M,Fell B,and Stamp P.Competition between Nitrogen Accumlation and Grain Growth for Carbohydrates during Grain Filling of Wheat.Crop Science,1994,35(2):443-445.
[4]郭文善,严六零,封超年,等.小麦源库协调栽培途径的研究(J).江苏农学院学报,1995,16(1):33-37.
[5]王之杰,郭天财,朱云集,等.超高产小麦冠层光辐射特征的研究(J).西北植物学报,2003,23(10):1657-1662.
[6]赵会杰,邹琦,郭天财,等.密度和追肥时期对重穗型小麦品种L906群体辐射和光合特性的调控效应(J).作物学报,2002,28(2):270-277.
[7]Ling Q-H ed.Crop Population Quality(作物群体质量)Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific &Technical Press,2000,217-292(in Chinese).
[8]周秋峰,黄长志,王保林,等.追氮时期对小麦群体质量的调节效应(J).陕西农业科学,2004(2):13-14.
[9]由海霞.不同密度小麦群体的光合作用特性研究(J).植物生理科学,2005,21(4):162-165.
[10]董爱民,甘淼,王秀玉,等.不同肥力与密度条件下对小麦群体结构及产量的研究(J).河南职业技术师范学院学报,2004,32(2):12-14.
[11]Xu K,Zhang H-C,Dai Q-G,等.Primary study of main planting technology of high yield wheat inHanghuai reglonl Jiangsu Agricultural Science(江苏农业科学),1998,(4):2-6(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]Yang Q-F,Jiang H,Xu D-Q.Changes inphotosynthetic efficiency of flag leaves of wheat during developmentl ActaPhytophysiologica Sinica(植物生理学报),1999,25(4):408-412(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]Mae T,Thomas H,Gay A P,Makino A,Hidema J1 Leaf development in Lohum tenu lentum:photosynthesis and photosynthetic proteins in leavessenescing under different irradiancesl Plant and Cell Phosiology,1983,34:391-399.
[14]Makino A,Mae T,Ohira K1 Relation between nitrogen and ribuloso21,52bisphosphate carbo xylase in rice leaves from emergence throughsenescencel Plant Cell Physiology,1984,25(3):429-437.
[15]Dodge J D1 Changes in chloroplasts fine structure during the autumnalsenescence of Betula leaves1 Annals of Botany,1970,34:817-824.
[16]Hashimoto H,Kura2Hotta M,Katoh S1 Changes in protein content and in the structure and number of chloroplasts during leaf senescence in riceseedingl Plant and Cell Physiology,1989,30:707-715.
[17]许大全,李穗耀,沈允钢,等.田间小麦叶片光合作用“午睡”现象的研究(J).植物生理学报,1984,10(3):269-275.
[18]GUMMULURU S,HOBBS S L A,JANA S Physiological responses of drought tolerant and drought susceptible durum wheat genotypes[J]Photosynthetlca.1989,23:479-485.
[19]王邦锡,何军贤,黄久常,等.水分胁迫导致小麦叶片光合作用下降的非气孔固素(J).植物生理学报.1992,18(1):77-84.
[20]赵世杰,许长成,盂庆伟,等.田间小麦叶片光合作用的光抑制(J).西北植物学报,1998,18(4):521-526.
[21]BAKER D N,MUSGRAVE K B.The effects of two level moisture stresses on the rate of apparent photosynthesis in com(J).Crop Science,1964,4:249-253.
[22]BARLOW E W K.[A]In Dale J E,Milthorpe F L eds.The growth and functioning of leaves[c].Gambridge,London,Gambridge University Press,1983:315-345.
[23]许大全,丁勇,武海.田间小麦叶片光合效率日变化与光合“午睡的关系(J).植物生理学报,1992,18(3),279-284.
[24]薛松,汪沛洪,许太全,等.水分胁迫对冬小麦CO2同化作用的影响(J).植物生理学报,1992,18(1):1-7.
[25]赵致,陈坤玲.张军.不同类型小麦品种抽穗后光台生理性状的变化(J).西南农业学报,1997.10(4):20-26.
[26]张岁歧,山仑.土壤干旱条件下磷素营养对春小麦水分状况和光合作用的影响(J).西北植物学报,997,17(1):20-27.
[27]李秧秧,刘文兆.灌水对小麦旗叶光台功能衰退的影响(J).西北植物学报,2001,21(1),75-80.
[28]郭天财,王之杰,王永华.不同穗型小麦品种旗叶光合作用日变化的研究(J).西北植物学报,2002,22(3):554-560.
[29]雷振生,林作揖.黄淮麦区高产小麦品种产量结构及其生理基础的研究(J).华北农学报,1996,11(1):70-75.
[30]储钟稀,毛大璋.捕光chla/b蛋白复合物LHC-Ⅰ和LHCPa在PSⅡ中的调节和分配(J).植物学报,1986,18(1):69-78.
[31]张秋英,李发东,刘孟雨.冬小麦叶片叶绿素含量及光合速率变化规律的研究(J).中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):95-98.
[32]王之杰,郭天财,王化岑,等.种植密度对超高产小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响麦类作物学报(J).2001.21(3):64-67.
[33]鞠正春,于振文.追施氮肥时期对冬小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光特性的影响应用生态学报,2006,17(3):395-398.
[34]张旺锋,勾玲,王振林,等.氮肥对新疆高产棉花叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响(J).中国农业科学,2003,36(8):893-898.
[35]张守仁.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论(J).植物学通报,1999,16(4):444-448.
[36]赵会杰,邹琦,于振文.叶绿素荧光分析技术及其在植物光合机理研究中的应用(J).河南农业大学学报.2000,34(3):248-251.
[37]Maxwell K,Johnson GN.2000.Chlorophyll fluorescence-A practical guideJ Ex p Bot,51:659-668.
[38]Oxborough K.2004.Imaging of chlorophyll a fluorescence:Theoretical and practical aspects of an emerging technique for the monitoring of photosynthetic performance.J Ex p Bot,55:1195-1205.
[39]Zhang L-M,Shangguan Z-P,Mao M-C,et al.2003.Effects of long-term application of nitrogen fertilizor on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence of upland winter wheat.Chin JA ppl Ecol,14(5):695-698.
[40]Ma X-M(马新明),Wang X-C(王小纯),Wang Z-O(王志强).2003.Effects of N-form on photos ynthetic characteristics in late growth stages and spikes of wheat cultivars with specialized en d-uses.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),23(1):2587-2593(in Chinese).
[41]史磊,邓西平,李筠.水分亏缺对不同染色体倍性小麦荧光参数的影响西北植物学报,2006,26,(2):0343-0347.
[42]郭天财,冯伟,赵会杰,等.两种穗型冬小麦品种旗叶光合特性及氮素调控效应(J).作物学报,2004,30(2):115-121.
[43]田纪春,陈建省,王延训,等.氮素追肥后移对小麦籽粒产量和旗叶光合特性的影响(J).中国农业科学,2001,34(1):1-4.
[44]郭天财,王书丽,王晨阳,等.种植密度对不同筋力型小麦品种荧光动力学参数及产量的影响(J).麦类作物学报,2005,25(3):63-66.
[45]田纪春,王学臣,刘广田.植物的光合作用与光合氮、碳代谢的耦联及调节(J).生命科学,2001,13(4):145-147.
[46]魏爱丽,刘守斌.作物高产性的光合碳同化生理限制因子分析(J).太原师范学院学报(自然科学版),2003,2(3):72-74.
[47]李立人,施教耐.光合碳代谢研究的展望(J).植物生理学通讯,1994,30(5):371-376.
[48]郭培国,李明启.杂交水稻及其亲本光合特性的研究Ⅲ.功能叶片碳代谢中的一些酶活性(J).热带亚热带植物学报,1997,5(2):68-73.
[49]高玲,江力,张荣铣.小麦旗叶Rubisco周转与籽粒含氮量的关系(J).植物生理学报,2001,27 (2):119-122.
[50]Xia,S.F.(夏叔芳),J.Xu(徐健),L.Y.Su(苏丽英)&X.J.Yu(于新建).1989.Sucrose synthase in rice leaves.Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica(植物生理学报),15:239-243.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[51]李永庚,蒋高明,杨景成.温度对小麦碳氮代谢、产量及品质影响(J).植物生态学报,2003,27(2)164-169.
[52]赵会杰,薛延丰,董中东.密度及追氮时期对大穗型小麦旗叶及籽粒碳水化合物代谢的影响(J).河南农业大学学报,2004,38(1):1-4.
[53]潘庆民,于振文,王月福,等.小麦开花后旗叶中蔗糖合成与籽粒中蔗糖降解(J).植物生理与分子生物学学报,2002,28(3):235-240.
[54]高松洁,王文静,郭天财,等.不同穗型冬小麦品种灌浆期旗叶碳氮代谢特点及籽粒淀粉积累动态(J).作物学报,2003,29(3):427-431.
[55]李春燕,封超年,张影,等.氮肥基追比对弱筋小麦宁麦9号籽粒淀粉合成及相关酶活性的影响(J).中国农业科学,2005,38(6):1120-1125.
[56]刘海英,郭天财,朱云集,等.开花期喷施表油菜素内酯对豫麦49蔗糖代谢和产量的影响(J).麦类作物学报,2006,26(1):77-81.
[57]刘萍,郭文善,浦汉春,等.灌浆期短暂高温对小麦淀粉形成的影响(J).作物学报,2006,32(2):182-188.
[58]Keeling,P.L,J.R.Wood,R.H.Tyson & I.G.Bridge.1988.Starch biosynthesis in developing whe at grain:evidence against the direct involvement of triose phosphates in the metabolic path way.Plant Physiology,87:311-319.
[59]Wang F,Sanz A,Brenner M L,Smith A G.Sucrose synthease,starch accumulation,and Tomato fruit sink strength.Plant Physiol.1993,101:321-327.
[60]Ho L C.Tomato.In:Zamski E,Schaffer A(eds).Photoassimilate Dist ribution in Plants and C rops.New York:MarcelDekker,1996:709-728.
[61]潘庆民,于振文,王月福,等.追氮时期对小麦旗叶中蔗糖合成与籽粒中蔗糖降解的影响(J).中国农业科学,2002,35(7):771-776.
[62]刘丽,甘志军,王宪泽.植物氮代谢硝酸还原酶水平调控机制的研究进展(J).西北植物学报,2004,24(7):1355-136.
[63]许振柱 周广胜.植物氮代谢及其环境调节研究进展(J).应用生态学报,2004,1S(3):511-51.
[64]李春喜等.不同基因型小麦生育期NRA的比较.麦类作物学报.1997,17(4).
[65]Hsiao TC.1973.Plant response to water stress Ann Rec Pysiol,24:519-570.
[66]王小纯,熊淑萍,马新明,等.不同形态氮素对专用型小麦花后氮代谢关键酶活性及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响(J).生态学报,2005,25(4):802-806.
[67]关义新,林葆,凌碧莹.光、氮及其互作对玉米幼苗叶片光合和碳、氮代谢的影响(J).作物学报,2000,26(6):806-812.
[68]王月福,于振文,李尚霞,等.小麦开花后不同器官中硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性比较(J).植物生理学通讯,2003,39(3),209-210.
[69]Miflin BJ,Lea PJ.1980.Ammonia assimilation.In:Miflin BJ ed The Biochemistry of Plants:Amino Acids and Derivatives New York:Academic Press.169-202.
[70]Miflin BJ.1974.The location of nitrite reductase and other enzymes related to amino acid biosynthesis in the plastids of root and leaves.Plant Physiol,54:550-555.
[71]王学奎,李合生,刘武定.光对小麦叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶调节机理初探(J).华中农业大学学报,2000,19(2):102-105.
[72]Sechley KA,Yamaya T,Oaks A 1992.Compartment of nitrogen Assimilation in higher Plants.Int Rev cytol,134:85-163.
[73]Lam HM,Coschigano KT,Oliveira IC,etal.1996,Themoleculargenetics of nitrogen assimilation into amino acids in higher plants.Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,47:569-593.
[74]郑朝峰.植物的谷氨酸合酶(J).植物生理学通讯,1986,22(3):5-12.
[75]马新明,李琳,赵鹏,等.土壤水分对强筋小麦‘豫麦34'氮素同化酶活性和籽粒品质的影响(J).植物生态学报,2005,29(1):48-53.
[76]Wagner W,Keller F,Wiem ken A.Fructan metabolism in cereals.Induction in leaves and compartmentation in protop lasts and vacuoles[J].Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenphysio-logie,1983,112:359-372.
[77]姜东,于振文,李永庚,等.冬小麦叶茎粒可溶性糖含量变化及其与籽粒淀粉积累的关系(J).麦类作物学报,2001,21(3):38-41.
[78]Kuhhaueh W.Thome U.Nonstructural carhohydates of wheat stenos as influenced by sinksource manipulations.J.Plant Physiol.1989,13(4)::243-250.
[79]赵会杰,邹琦,张秀英.两个不同穗型小麦品种生育后期碳水化合物代谢的比较研究(J).作物学报,2003,29(5):676-681.
[80]张磊,吴冬云,朱碧岩,等.灌浆期不同温光对水稻叶、籽粒可溶性蛋白质及可溶性糖动态变化的影响(J).华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,2:98-101.
[81]王红星,古红梅,周琳,等.不同生长时期叶片中可溶性糖含量与抗寒性关系(J).周口师范学院学报,2003,20(5):51-52.
[82]胡承孝,王运华,魏文学,等.黄棕壤有效钼水平对冬小麦产量结构及叶绿素、可溶性糖的影响(J).土壤肥料,1998,(1):19-22.
[83]王书丽,郭天财,王晨阳,等.两种筋力型小麦叶、粒可溶性糖含量及与籽粒淀粉积累的关系(J).河南农业科学,2005,4:12-15.
[84]王维,蔡一霞,张建华,等.适度土壤干旱对贪青小麦茎贮藏碳水化合物向籽粒运转的调节(J).作物学报,2005,31(3)::289-296.
[85]刘祖祺,王洪春主编.植物耐寒性及防寒技术.北京:学术书刊出版社,1990.231-249.
[86]Wardlaw I F.The early stages in a single variety.Aust J Bad sol.1971,24:1047-1056.
[87]Winzeler M.Dubois D,Xosberger J.Absence of fructan degradation during fructan accumulation on wheat stems.J,Plant Physiol,1990,136:324-329.
[88]Kuhhaueh W.Thome U.Nonstructural carbohydrates of wheat stems as influenced by sinksource manipulations.J.Plant Physiol.1989,134:243-250.
[89]Blacklow W M.Incoll L D,Nitrogen stress of winter wheat changed the determinants of yield and distribution of nitrogen and total dry matter during grain filling.Aust J Plant Physiol,1981,8:191-200.
[90]张保军,由海霞,海江波,等.面条专用小麦生长发育和产量及品质的密度效应研究(J).西北植物学报,2002,11(3):29-32.
[91]李春喜,石惠恩,姜丽娜.小麦不同种植密度粒重分布特性的研究(J).西北植物学报,1999,19(1):132-137.
[92]柏新付。高肥条件下种植密度对小麦产量及其构成因素的影响(J).烟台师范学院学报(自然科学版),1997,13(3):217-219.
[93]李慧敏,赵凤梧,戴茂华,等.利用普通小麦、硬粒小麦种间杂种优势选育高千粒重新种质研究(J).华北农学报,2006,21(增刊):68-73.
[94]于振文,岳寿松,沈成国,等.不同密度对冬小麦开花后叶片衰老和粒重的影响(J).作物学报,1995,21(4):412-418.
[95]王亚琴,张康健,黄江康,等.植物衰老的分子基础与调控(J).西北植物学报,2003,23(1):182-189.
[96]朱凤荣,邱宗波.种植密度和植物生长调节剂对小麦衰老和产量构成的影响(J).河南农业科学,2004,8:18-20.
[97]赵会杰,端藏禄,毛凤梧.小麦品质形成机理与调优技术.北京:中国农业科学技术出版杜,2003,8.
[98]万富世.新世纪中国的小麦及其发展对策.中国小麦育种与产业化进展,2002,3-16.
[99]Yu Z-W,Tian Q-Z,Pan Q-M,等.Theory and practice oncultivation of super high yield of winter wheat in the wheat fields of YellowRiver and Huaihe River districts1 Acta Agronomica Sinica(作物学报),2002,28(5):577-585(in Chinese with English abstract).
[100]张晓艳,杨惠敏,侯宗东,等.土壤水分和种植密度对春小麦叶片气孔的影响.(J),植物生态学报,2003,27(1)133-136.
[101]高瑞玲等.高产小麦生理指标的初步探讨.河南农学院学报,1981(4):34.
[102]山东农大小麦栽培生理室.冬小麦精播高产栽培的理论与实践.山东农业科学,1984(1):1.
[103]凌启鸿等.小麦大面积高产低成本的栽培技术途径.江苏农业科学,1981(1):14.
[104]王文静,高松洁,梁月丽,等.不同穗型小麦品种灌浆期碳氮代谢特点及其与源库的关系(J).华北农学报2003,18(2):29-32.
[105]王志芬,吴科,宋良增,等.山东省不同穗型超高产小麦产量构成因素分析与选择思路(J).山东农业科学,2001,4:6-8.
[106]范濂,胡廷积编著.小麦试验研究方法[M],河南科学技术出版社,1984.
[107]董树亭.大田条件下作物群体光合作用的研究及测定[J].耕作与栽培,1988,3:62-64.
[108]张振清.植物材料中可溶性糖的测定[A].植物生理学实验手册[C].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985:134-138.
[109]何照范.双波长法测定谷物中直链、支链及总淀粉含量[A].粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1985,290-294.
[110]邹琦主编.植物生理生化实验指导.北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[111]王天铎.光合作用与作物产量.植物生理学通讯,1988,(1):52-54.
[112]董树亭.高产冬小麦群体光合能力与产量关系的研究.作物学报,1991,17(6):461-468。
[ll3]Quick W P,Schaffer AA.Sucrose metabolism in sources and sinks.In:Zamski E,Schaffer AA(eds),Photo assimilate Distribution in Plant and Crops[M].New York:Dekker,1996,115-159.
[114]周琴,姜东,戴廷波,等.不同基因型小麦籽粒蛋白质和淀粉积累与碳氮运转的关系(J).南京农业大学学报,2002,25(3):1-4.
[115]Ho L C.Tomato.In:Zamski E,Schaffer A A(eds),Photo assimilate Distribution in Plant and Crop[M].Eew York:Dekker,1996,709-728.
[116]Wang F,Sanz A,Brenner M L,Smith A G Sucrose synthase,starch accumulation,and tomato fruit sing strength[J].Plant Physiology,1993,101:321-327.
[117]王之杰.高产小麦群体光辐射特性与光合特性的研究.河南农业大学硕士学位论文.2001,6.
[118]张永丽,肖凯,李雁鸣.种植密度对杂种小麦C6-38/Py85-1旗叶光合特性和产量的调控效应及其生理机制(J).作物学报,2005,31(4):498-505.
[132]徐恒永,赵君实.高产小麦的冠层光合能力及不同器官的贡献(J).作物学报,1995,21(2):204-209.
[120]李永庚,于振文,姜东,等.冬小麦旗叶蔗糖和籽粒淀粉合成动态及与其有关的酶活性的研究(J).作物学报,2001,27(5):658-664.
[121]Li FS(李伏生),Kang SZ.(康绍忠),Zhang FC(张富仓).Effect of CO_2 and temperature increment on crop physiology and ecology.CHINESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY(应有生态学报).13:1169-1173(in Chinese with English abstract).
[122]刘晓冰,李文雄,张志学.春小麦籽粒灌浆过程中淀粉积累和蛋白质积累规律的初步研究(J).作物学报,1996,22(6):736-740.
[123]赵会杰,邹琦,郭天财,等.密度和追肥时期对大穗型小麦C同化作用及其分配的调控效应(J).核农学报,2003,17(1):67-72.
[124]曹承富,汪芝寿,孔令聪,等.氮素与密度对优质小麦产量和品质的影响(J).安徽农业科学,1997,25(2):115-117.
[125]王萍,陶丹,宋海星,等.品种、播期和密度对冬小麦生育期和产量的影响(J).沈阳农业大学学报,1999,30(6):602-605.
[126]冯伟,李晓,郭天财,等。水氮运筹对两种穗型冬小麦品种淀粉糊化特性的影响(J).水土保持学报,2005,19(5):186-190.
[127]黄正来,杜世州,王中利,等.基因型和播期对不同筋力小麦淀粉糊化特性的影响(J).安徽农业大学学报,2006,33(1):17-20.
[128]张学林,郭天财,朱云集,等.追氮时期对两种筋型小麦淀粉糊化特性的影响(J).华北农学报,2005,20(3):79-82.
[129]李卓夫,金正勋,孙艳丽,等.春小麦品种蛋白质含量与种植密度关系的研究(J).现代化农业,1994,181(8):12-15.
[130]孔令聪,汪建来,曹承富,等.主要栽培措施对中筋小麦皖麦44产量和品质的影响(J).麦类作物学报,2004,24(4):84-87.
[131]Xing XG,(邢先贵),Zhu XT(朱旭彤).The expression of yield and quality of wheat under different cultural practices Journal of Hua zhong Agricultural University(华中农业大学学报).15:117-124(in Chinese with English abstract).
[132]朱伟,胡新,黄建英,等.密度对不同穗型小麦品种成穗率的影响(J).河南农业科学,2004,7:39-41.
[2]郭天财,姚战军,王晨阳,等.水肥运筹对小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响(J).西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1786-1791.
[3]Banziger M,Fell B,and Stamp P.Competition between Nitrogen Accumlation and Grain Growth for Carbohydrates during Grain Filling of Wheat.Crop Science,1994,35(2):443-445.
[4]郭文善,严六零,封超年,等.小麦源库协调栽培途径的研究(J).江苏农学院学报,1995,16(1):33-37.
[5]王之杰,郭天财,朱云集,等.超高产小麦冠层光辐射特征的研究(J).西北植物学报,2003,23(10):1657-1662.
[6]赵会杰,邹琦,郭天财,等.密度和追肥时期对重穗型小麦品种L906群体辐射和光合特性的调控效应(J).作物学报,2002,28(2):270-277.
[7]Ling Q-H ed.Crop Population Quality(作物群体质量)Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific &Technical Press,2000,217-292(in Chinese).
[8]周秋峰,黄长志,王保林,等.追氮时期对小麦群体质量的调节效应(J).陕西农业科学,2004(2):13-14.
[9]由海霞.不同密度小麦群体的光合作用特性研究(J).植物生理科学,2005,21(4):162-165.
[10]董爱民,甘淼,王秀玉,等.不同肥力与密度条件下对小麦群体结构及产量的研究(J).河南职业技术师范学院学报,2004,32(2):12-14.
[11]Xu K,Zhang H-C,Dai Q-G,等.Primary study of main planting technology of high yield wheat inHanghuai reglonl Jiangsu Agricultural Science(江苏农业科学),1998,(4):2-6(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]Yang Q-F,Jiang H,Xu D-Q.Changes inphotosynthetic efficiency of flag leaves of wheat during developmentl ActaPhytophysiologica Sinica(植物生理学报),1999,25(4):408-412(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]Mae T,Thomas H,Gay A P,Makino A,Hidema J1 Leaf development in Lohum tenu lentum:photosynthesis and photosynthetic proteins in leavessenescing under different irradiancesl Plant and Cell Phosiology,1983,34:391-399.
[14]Makino A,Mae T,Ohira K1 Relation between nitrogen and ribuloso21,52bisphosphate carbo xylase in rice leaves from emergence throughsenescencel Plant Cell Physiology,1984,25(3):429-437.
[15]Dodge J D1 Changes in chloroplasts fine structure during the autumnalsenescence of Betula leaves1 Annals of Botany,1970,34:817-824.
[16]Hashimoto H,Kura2Hotta M,Katoh S1 Changes in protein content and in the structure and number of chloroplasts during leaf senescence in riceseedingl Plant and Cell Physiology,1989,30:707-715.
[17]许大全,李穗耀,沈允钢,等.田间小麦叶片光合作用“午睡”现象的研究(J).植物生理学报,1984,10(3):269-275.
[18]GUMMULURU S,HOBBS S L A,JANA S Physiological responses of drought tolerant and drought susceptible durum wheat genotypes[J]Photosynthetlca.1989,23:479-485.
[19]王邦锡,何军贤,黄久常,等.水分胁迫导致小麦叶片光合作用下降的非气孔固素(J).植物生理学报.1992,18(1):77-84.
[20]赵世杰,许长成,盂庆伟,等.田间小麦叶片光合作用的光抑制(J).西北植物学报,1998,18(4):521-526.
[21]BAKER D N,MUSGRAVE K B.The effects of two level moisture stresses on the rate of apparent photosynthesis in com(J).Crop Science,1964,4:249-253.
[22]BARLOW E W K.[A]In Dale J E,Milthorpe F L eds.The growth and functioning of leaves[c].Gambridge,London,Gambridge University Press,1983:315-345.
[23]许大全,丁勇,武海.田间小麦叶片光合效率日变化与光合“午睡的关系(J).植物生理学报,1992,18(3),279-284.
[24]薛松,汪沛洪,许太全,等.水分胁迫对冬小麦CO2同化作用的影响(J).植物生理学报,1992,18(1):1-7.
[25]赵致,陈坤玲.张军.不同类型小麦品种抽穗后光台生理性状的变化(J).西南农业学报,1997.10(4):20-26.
[26]张岁歧,山仑.土壤干旱条件下磷素营养对春小麦水分状况和光合作用的影响(J).西北植物学报,997,17(1):20-27.
[27]李秧秧,刘文兆.灌水对小麦旗叶光台功能衰退的影响(J).西北植物学报,2001,21(1),75-80.
[28]郭天财,王之杰,王永华.不同穗型小麦品种旗叶光合作用日变化的研究(J).西北植物学报,2002,22(3):554-560.
[29]雷振生,林作揖.黄淮麦区高产小麦品种产量结构及其生理基础的研究(J).华北农学报,1996,11(1):70-75.
[30]储钟稀,毛大璋.捕光chla/b蛋白复合物LHC-Ⅰ和LHCPa在PSⅡ中的调节和分配(J).植物学报,1986,18(1):69-78.
[31]张秋英,李发东,刘孟雨.冬小麦叶片叶绿素含量及光合速率变化规律的研究(J).中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):95-98.
[32]王之杰,郭天财,王化岑,等.种植密度对超高产小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响麦类作物学报(J).2001.21(3):64-67.
[33]鞠正春,于振文.追施氮肥时期对冬小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光特性的影响应用生态学报,2006,17(3):395-398.
[34]张旺锋,勾玲,王振林,等.氮肥对新疆高产棉花叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响(J).中国农业科学,2003,36(8):893-898.
[35]张守仁.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论(J).植物学通报,1999,16(4):444-448.
[36]赵会杰,邹琦,于振文.叶绿素荧光分析技术及其在植物光合机理研究中的应用(J).河南农业大学学报.2000,34(3):248-251.
[37]Maxwell K,Johnson GN.2000.Chlorophyll fluorescence-A practical guideJ Ex p Bot,51:659-668.
[38]Oxborough K.2004.Imaging of chlorophyll a fluorescence:Theoretical and practical aspects of an emerging technique for the monitoring of photosynthetic performance.J Ex p Bot,55:1195-1205.
[39]Zhang L-M,Shangguan Z-P,Mao M-C,et al.2003.Effects of long-term application of nitrogen fertilizor on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence of upland winter wheat.Chin JA ppl Ecol,14(5):695-698.
[40]Ma X-M(马新明),Wang X-C(王小纯),Wang Z-O(王志强).2003.Effects of N-form on photos ynthetic characteristics in late growth stages and spikes of wheat cultivars with specialized en d-uses.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),23(1):2587-2593(in Chinese).
[41]史磊,邓西平,李筠.水分亏缺对不同染色体倍性小麦荧光参数的影响西北植物学报,2006,26,(2):0343-0347.
[42]郭天财,冯伟,赵会杰,等.两种穗型冬小麦品种旗叶光合特性及氮素调控效应(J).作物学报,2004,30(2):115-121.
[43]田纪春,陈建省,王延训,等.氮素追肥后移对小麦籽粒产量和旗叶光合特性的影响(J).中国农业科学,2001,34(1):1-4.
[44]郭天财,王书丽,王晨阳,等.种植密度对不同筋力型小麦品种荧光动力学参数及产量的影响(J).麦类作物学报,2005,25(3):63-66.
[45]田纪春,王学臣,刘广田.植物的光合作用与光合氮、碳代谢的耦联及调节(J).生命科学,2001,13(4):145-147.
[46]魏爱丽,刘守斌.作物高产性的光合碳同化生理限制因子分析(J).太原师范学院学报(自然科学版),2003,2(3):72-74.
[47]李立人,施教耐.光合碳代谢研究的展望(J).植物生理学通讯,1994,30(5):371-376.
[48]郭培国,李明启.杂交水稻及其亲本光合特性的研究Ⅲ.功能叶片碳代谢中的一些酶活性(J).热带亚热带植物学报,1997,5(2):68-73.
[49]高玲,江力,张荣铣.小麦旗叶Rubisco周转与籽粒含氮量的关系(J).植物生理学报,2001,27 (2):119-122.
[50]Xia,S.F.(夏叔芳),J.Xu(徐健),L.Y.Su(苏丽英)&X.J.Yu(于新建).1989.Sucrose synthase in rice leaves.Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica(植物生理学报),15:239-243.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[51]李永庚,蒋高明,杨景成.温度对小麦碳氮代谢、产量及品质影响(J).植物生态学报,2003,27(2)164-169.
[52]赵会杰,薛延丰,董中东.密度及追氮时期对大穗型小麦旗叶及籽粒碳水化合物代谢的影响(J).河南农业大学学报,2004,38(1):1-4.
[53]潘庆民,于振文,王月福,等.小麦开花后旗叶中蔗糖合成与籽粒中蔗糖降解(J).植物生理与分子生物学学报,2002,28(3):235-240.
[54]高松洁,王文静,郭天财,等.不同穗型冬小麦品种灌浆期旗叶碳氮代谢特点及籽粒淀粉积累动态(J).作物学报,2003,29(3):427-431.
[55]李春燕,封超年,张影,等.氮肥基追比对弱筋小麦宁麦9号籽粒淀粉合成及相关酶活性的影响(J).中国农业科学,2005,38(6):1120-1125.
[56]刘海英,郭天财,朱云集,等.开花期喷施表油菜素内酯对豫麦49蔗糖代谢和产量的影响(J).麦类作物学报,2006,26(1):77-81.
[57]刘萍,郭文善,浦汉春,等.灌浆期短暂高温对小麦淀粉形成的影响(J).作物学报,2006,32(2):182-188.
[58]Keeling,P.L,J.R.Wood,R.H.Tyson & I.G.Bridge.1988.Starch biosynthesis in developing whe at grain:evidence against the direct involvement of triose phosphates in the metabolic path way.Plant Physiology,87:311-319.
[59]Wang F,Sanz A,Brenner M L,Smith A G.Sucrose synthease,starch accumulation,and Tomato fruit sink strength.Plant Physiol.1993,101:321-327.
[60]Ho L C.Tomato.In:Zamski E,Schaffer A(eds).Photoassimilate Dist ribution in Plants and C rops.New York:MarcelDekker,1996:709-728.
[61]潘庆民,于振文,王月福,等.追氮时期对小麦旗叶中蔗糖合成与籽粒中蔗糖降解的影响(J).中国农业科学,2002,35(7):771-776.
[62]刘丽,甘志军,王宪泽.植物氮代谢硝酸还原酶水平调控机制的研究进展(J).西北植物学报,2004,24(7):1355-136.
[63]许振柱 周广胜.植物氮代谢及其环境调节研究进展(J).应用生态学报,2004,1S(3):511-51.
[64]李春喜等.不同基因型小麦生育期NRA的比较.麦类作物学报.1997,17(4).
[65]Hsiao TC.1973.Plant response to water stress Ann Rec Pysiol,24:519-570.
[66]王小纯,熊淑萍,马新明,等.不同形态氮素对专用型小麦花后氮代谢关键酶活性及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响(J).生态学报,2005,25(4):802-806.
[67]关义新,林葆,凌碧莹.光、氮及其互作对玉米幼苗叶片光合和碳、氮代谢的影响(J).作物学报,2000,26(6):806-812.
[68]王月福,于振文,李尚霞,等.小麦开花后不同器官中硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性比较(J).植物生理学通讯,2003,39(3),209-210.
[69]Miflin BJ,Lea PJ.1980.Ammonia assimilation.In:Miflin BJ ed The Biochemistry of Plants:Amino Acids and Derivatives New York:Academic Press.169-202.
[70]Miflin BJ.1974.The location of nitrite reductase and other enzymes related to amino acid biosynthesis in the plastids of root and leaves.Plant Physiol,54:550-555.
[71]王学奎,李合生,刘武定.光对小麦叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶调节机理初探(J).华中农业大学学报,2000,19(2):102-105.
[72]Sechley KA,Yamaya T,Oaks A 1992.Compartment of nitrogen Assimilation in higher Plants.Int Rev cytol,134:85-163.
[73]Lam HM,Coschigano KT,Oliveira IC,etal.1996,Themoleculargenetics of nitrogen assimilation into amino acids in higher plants.Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,47:569-593.
[74]郑朝峰.植物的谷氨酸合酶(J).植物生理学通讯,1986,22(3):5-12.
[75]马新明,李琳,赵鹏,等.土壤水分对强筋小麦‘豫麦34'氮素同化酶活性和籽粒品质的影响(J).植物生态学报,2005,29(1):48-53.
[76]Wagner W,Keller F,Wiem ken A.Fructan metabolism in cereals.Induction in leaves and compartmentation in protop lasts and vacuoles[J].Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenphysio-logie,1983,112:359-372.
[77]姜东,于振文,李永庚,等.冬小麦叶茎粒可溶性糖含量变化及其与籽粒淀粉积累的关系(J).麦类作物学报,2001,21(3):38-41.
[78]Kuhhaueh W.Thome U.Nonstructural carhohydates of wheat stenos as influenced by sinksource manipulations.J.Plant Physiol.1989,13(4)::243-250.
[79]赵会杰,邹琦,张秀英.两个不同穗型小麦品种生育后期碳水化合物代谢的比较研究(J).作物学报,2003,29(5):676-681.
[80]张磊,吴冬云,朱碧岩,等.灌浆期不同温光对水稻叶、籽粒可溶性蛋白质及可溶性糖动态变化的影响(J).华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,2:98-101.
[81]王红星,古红梅,周琳,等.不同生长时期叶片中可溶性糖含量与抗寒性关系(J).周口师范学院学报,2003,20(5):51-52.
[82]胡承孝,王运华,魏文学,等.黄棕壤有效钼水平对冬小麦产量结构及叶绿素、可溶性糖的影响(J).土壤肥料,1998,(1):19-22.
[83]王书丽,郭天财,王晨阳,等.两种筋力型小麦叶、粒可溶性糖含量及与籽粒淀粉积累的关系(J).河南农业科学,2005,4:12-15.
[84]王维,蔡一霞,张建华,等.适度土壤干旱对贪青小麦茎贮藏碳水化合物向籽粒运转的调节(J).作物学报,2005,31(3)::289-296.
[85]刘祖祺,王洪春主编.植物耐寒性及防寒技术.北京:学术书刊出版社,1990.231-249.
[86]Wardlaw I F.The early stages in a single variety.Aust J Bad sol.1971,24:1047-1056.
[87]Winzeler M.Dubois D,Xosberger J.Absence of fructan degradation during fructan accumulation on wheat stems.J,Plant Physiol,1990,136:324-329.
[88]Kuhhaueh W.Thome U.Nonstructural carbohydrates of wheat stems as influenced by sinksource manipulations.J.Plant Physiol.1989,134:243-250.
[89]Blacklow W M.Incoll L D,Nitrogen stress of winter wheat changed the determinants of yield and distribution of nitrogen and total dry matter during grain filling.Aust J Plant Physiol,1981,8:191-200.
[90]张保军,由海霞,海江波,等.面条专用小麦生长发育和产量及品质的密度效应研究(J).西北植物学报,2002,11(3):29-32.
[91]李春喜,石惠恩,姜丽娜.小麦不同种植密度粒重分布特性的研究(J).西北植物学报,1999,19(1):132-137.
[92]柏新付。高肥条件下种植密度对小麦产量及其构成因素的影响(J).烟台师范学院学报(自然科学版),1997,13(3):217-219.
[93]李慧敏,赵凤梧,戴茂华,等.利用普通小麦、硬粒小麦种间杂种优势选育高千粒重新种质研究(J).华北农学报,2006,21(增刊):68-73.
[94]于振文,岳寿松,沈成国,等.不同密度对冬小麦开花后叶片衰老和粒重的影响(J).作物学报,1995,21(4):412-418.
[95]王亚琴,张康健,黄江康,等.植物衰老的分子基础与调控(J).西北植物学报,2003,23(1):182-189.
[96]朱凤荣,邱宗波.种植密度和植物生长调节剂对小麦衰老和产量构成的影响(J).河南农业科学,2004,8:18-20.
[97]赵会杰,端藏禄,毛凤梧.小麦品质形成机理与调优技术.北京:中国农业科学技术出版杜,2003,8.
[98]万富世.新世纪中国的小麦及其发展对策.中国小麦育种与产业化进展,2002,3-16.
[99]Yu Z-W,Tian Q-Z,Pan Q-M,等.Theory and practice oncultivation of super high yield of winter wheat in the wheat fields of YellowRiver and Huaihe River districts1 Acta Agronomica Sinica(作物学报),2002,28(5):577-585(in Chinese with English abstract).
[100]张晓艳,杨惠敏,侯宗东,等.土壤水分和种植密度对春小麦叶片气孔的影响.(J),植物生态学报,2003,27(1)133-136.
[101]高瑞玲等.高产小麦生理指标的初步探讨.河南农学院学报,1981(4):34.
[102]山东农大小麦栽培生理室.冬小麦精播高产栽培的理论与实践.山东农业科学,1984(1):1.
[103]凌启鸿等.小麦大面积高产低成本的栽培技术途径.江苏农业科学,1981(1):14.
[104]王文静,高松洁,梁月丽,等.不同穗型小麦品种灌浆期碳氮代谢特点及其与源库的关系(J).华北农学报2003,18(2):29-32.
[105]王志芬,吴科,宋良增,等.山东省不同穗型超高产小麦产量构成因素分析与选择思路(J).山东农业科学,2001,4:6-8.
[106]范濂,胡廷积编著.小麦试验研究方法[M],河南科学技术出版社,1984.
[107]董树亭.大田条件下作物群体光合作用的研究及测定[J].耕作与栽培,1988,3:62-64.
[108]张振清.植物材料中可溶性糖的测定[A].植物生理学实验手册[C].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985:134-138.
[109]何照范.双波长法测定谷物中直链、支链及总淀粉含量[A].粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1985,290-294.
[110]邹琦主编.植物生理生化实验指导.北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[111]王天铎.光合作用与作物产量.植物生理学通讯,1988,(1):52-54.
[112]董树亭.高产冬小麦群体光合能力与产量关系的研究.作物学报,1991,17(6):461-468。
[ll3]Quick W P,Schaffer AA.Sucrose metabolism in sources and sinks.In:Zamski E,Schaffer AA(eds),Photo assimilate Distribution in Plant and Crops[M].New York:Dekker,1996,115-159.
[114]周琴,姜东,戴廷波,等.不同基因型小麦籽粒蛋白质和淀粉积累与碳氮运转的关系(J).南京农业大学学报,2002,25(3):1-4.
[115]Ho L C.Tomato.In:Zamski E,Schaffer A A(eds),Photo assimilate Distribution in Plant and Crop[M].Eew York:Dekker,1996,709-728.
[116]Wang F,Sanz A,Brenner M L,Smith A G Sucrose synthase,starch accumulation,and tomato fruit sing strength[J].Plant Physiology,1993,101:321-327.
[117]王之杰.高产小麦群体光辐射特性与光合特性的研究.河南农业大学硕士学位论文.2001,6.
[118]张永丽,肖凯,李雁鸣.种植密度对杂种小麦C6-38/Py85-1旗叶光合特性和产量的调控效应及其生理机制(J).作物学报,2005,31(4):498-505.
[132]徐恒永,赵君实.高产小麦的冠层光合能力及不同器官的贡献(J).作物学报,1995,21(2):204-209.
[120]李永庚,于振文,姜东,等.冬小麦旗叶蔗糖和籽粒淀粉合成动态及与其有关的酶活性的研究(J).作物学报,2001,27(5):658-664.
[121]Li FS(李伏生),Kang SZ.(康绍忠),Zhang FC(张富仓).Effect of CO_2 and temperature increment on crop physiology and ecology.CHINESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY(应有生态学报).13:1169-1173(in Chinese with English abstract).
[122]刘晓冰,李文雄,张志学.春小麦籽粒灌浆过程中淀粉积累和蛋白质积累规律的初步研究(J).作物学报,1996,22(6):736-740.
[123]赵会杰,邹琦,郭天财,等.密度和追肥时期对大穗型小麦C同化作用及其分配的调控效应(J).核农学报,2003,17(1):67-72.
[124]曹承富,汪芝寿,孔令聪,等.氮素与密度对优质小麦产量和品质的影响(J).安徽农业科学,1997,25(2):115-117.
[125]王萍,陶丹,宋海星,等.品种、播期和密度对冬小麦生育期和产量的影响(J).沈阳农业大学学报,1999,30(6):602-605.
[126]冯伟,李晓,郭天财,等。水氮运筹对两种穗型冬小麦品种淀粉糊化特性的影响(J).水土保持学报,2005,19(5):186-190.
[127]黄正来,杜世州,王中利,等.基因型和播期对不同筋力小麦淀粉糊化特性的影响(J).安徽农业大学学报,2006,33(1):17-20.
[128]张学林,郭天财,朱云集,等.追氮时期对两种筋型小麦淀粉糊化特性的影响(J).华北农学报,2005,20(3):79-82.
[129]李卓夫,金正勋,孙艳丽,等.春小麦品种蛋白质含量与种植密度关系的研究(J).现代化农业,1994,181(8):12-15.
[130]孔令聪,汪建来,曹承富,等.主要栽培措施对中筋小麦皖麦44产量和品质的影响(J).麦类作物学报,2004,24(4):84-87.
[131]Xing XG,(邢先贵),Zhu XT(朱旭彤).The expression of yield and quality of wheat under different cultural practices Journal of Hua zhong Agricultural University(华中农业大学学报).15:117-124(in Chinese with English abstract).
[132]朱伟,胡新,黄建英,等.密度对不同穗型小麦品种成穗率的影响(J).河南农业科学,2004,7:39-41.