SVS在风电场低电压穿越中的控制策略研究
摘要
随着风力发电近些年来的迅猛发展,风电在整个电力能源中所占的比重也越来越大,它对电网的影响也逐渐被人们所重视。尤其是在电网电压瞬间跌落时,风力发电机组如何保持并网发电,且能够支持电网电压恢复,成为研究的热点。
TSC、SVC与STATCOM是电力系统无功补偿和电压调整的重要装置。本课题针对STATCOM低压时性能优越、动态响应速度快而额定补偿容量较小的矛盾,结合TSC和SVC的容量较大而在端电压较低时补偿能力大幅下降的情况,提出用TSC、SVC与STATCOM组成三环补偿联合运行的并联无功补偿系统(SVS)。
论文以TSC、SVC和STATCOM为基础,给出了SVS的基本电路拓扑结构,建立了数学模型并分析其工作原理和运行特性。论文提出针对维持并网点母线电压恒定与预防电压崩溃相结合的控制策略,以经典PI控制思想为基础设计了对三环补偿无功协调分配的控制算法,并在此基础上,利用模糊控制理论,提高系统的响应速度和控制精度。论文建立了系统级仿真模型,证明了所提出的SVS混合装置具有良好的无功补偿效果,能有效增强风电场的低电压穿越能力。
With the rapid development of the wind power in recent years, it takes more and more in the proportion of the entire power system, whose impact is gradually paid more attention by people. Especially in the power system failure, how to maintain wind turbine on-line and support the grid voltage recovery, become a research hotspot.
TSC、SVC and STATCOM are important devices of reactive power compensation and voltage regulation. STATCOM has a superior performance and dynamic response speed in low-voltage, but small rated capacity. Combined with a larger capacity of TSC and SVC but sharp decline in compensation ability at low voltage situation, it proposes to let TSC, SVC and STATCOM work together so as to constitute a shunt var compensation system (SVS).
In this paper, it proposes the basic circuit topology of SVS and sets up the mathematical model based on TSC, SVC and STATCOM, which also analyzes its working principle and operating characteristics. It proposes a control strategy which combines constant bus voltage with prevention of voltage collapse. It also designs a control algorithm based on classical PI control which coordinates the distribution of reactive compensation. Further more, which uses the fuzzy control theory to improve the system response speed and control accuracy. The paper establishes a system-level simulation model to prove the proposed SVS hybrid device has a good effect of reactive power compensation, enhancing the low voltage ride through capacity of the wind farm effectively.
TSC、SVC与STATCOM是电力系统无功补偿和电压调整的重要装置。本课题针对STATCOM低压时性能优越、动态响应速度快而额定补偿容量较小的矛盾,结合TSC和SVC的容量较大而在端电压较低时补偿能力大幅下降的情况,提出用TSC、SVC与STATCOM组成三环补偿联合运行的并联无功补偿系统(SVS)。
论文以TSC、SVC和STATCOM为基础,给出了SVS的基本电路拓扑结构,建立了数学模型并分析其工作原理和运行特性。论文提出针对维持并网点母线电压恒定与预防电压崩溃相结合的控制策略,以经典PI控制思想为基础设计了对三环补偿无功协调分配的控制算法,并在此基础上,利用模糊控制理论,提高系统的响应速度和控制精度。论文建立了系统级仿真模型,证明了所提出的SVS混合装置具有良好的无功补偿效果,能有效增强风电场的低电压穿越能力。
With the rapid development of the wind power in recent years, it takes more and more in the proportion of the entire power system, whose impact is gradually paid more attention by people. Especially in the power system failure, how to maintain wind turbine on-line and support the grid voltage recovery, become a research hotspot.
TSC、SVC and STATCOM are important devices of reactive power compensation and voltage regulation. STATCOM has a superior performance and dynamic response speed in low-voltage, but small rated capacity. Combined with a larger capacity of TSC and SVC but sharp decline in compensation ability at low voltage situation, it proposes to let TSC, SVC and STATCOM work together so as to constitute a shunt var compensation system (SVS).
In this paper, it proposes the basic circuit topology of SVS and sets up the mathematical model based on TSC, SVC and STATCOM, which also analyzes its working principle and operating characteristics. It proposes a control strategy which combines constant bus voltage with prevention of voltage collapse. It also designs a control algorithm based on classical PI control which coordinates the distribution of reactive compensation. Further more, which uses the fuzzy control theory to improve the system response speed and control accuracy. The paper establishes a system-level simulation model to prove the proposed SVS hybrid device has a good effect of reactive power compensation, enhancing the low voltage ride through capacity of the wind farm effectively.
引文
[1]王承煦,张源.风力发电.中国电力出版社,2005.
[2]施鹏飞.2006年中国风电场装机容量统计.中国风能协会,2007.
[3]李俊峰,高虎.2008中国风电发展报告.中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[4]潘文霞.大型风电场电压稳定性分析与控制研究.河海大学博士论文,2004.
[5]张红光,张粒子.风电场介入电网的安全稳定分析.中国电力,2007,40(5):105-109.
[6]李建林,许洪华.风力发电系统低电压运行技术.机械工业出版社,2009.
[7]姜齐荣,谢小荣,陈建业.电力系统并联补偿结构、原理、控制与应用.机械工业出版社,2004.
[8]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.机械工业出版社,2005,167-196.
[9]任丕德,刘发友,周胜军.动态无功补偿技术的应用现状.电网技术,2004, 28(23):81-83.
[10]王伟,孙明冬,朱晓东.双馈式风力发电机低电压穿越技术分析.电力系统自动化,2007.
[11]高景德.交流电机及其系统的分析(第二版).清华大学出版社,2005.
[12]周志强.双馈感应风电机组电磁暂态建模、控制及实证研究[M].东北电力大学硕士论文,2008,3.
[13]姚骏,廖勇,唐建平.电网短路故障时交流励磁风力发电机不脱网运行的励磁控制策略.中国电机工程学报,2007,27(30):64-71.
[14]郭登科.双馈感应风力发电机低压穿越控制策略研究.东北电力大学硕士论文.2009,3.
[15]谢小荣,姜齐荣.柔性交流输电系统的原理与应用.清华大学出版社,2006.
[16]周双喜,朱凌志.电力系统电压稳定性及其控制.中国电力出版社,2004.
[17]钟焕双.电力系统中无功功率平衡对电压的影响.中图分类号:TM71, 1-5.
[18]张利国.浅谈电力系统中电压无功功率的控制.广东电力,2005.
[19]艾欣,蔡国伟等.应用静止无功补偿器提高伊敏一大庆输电线路的稳定性[D].东北力学院学报,2007.
[20]王锡凡,方万良,杜正春.现代电力系统分析.科学出版社,2003.
[21]马献.静止无功补偿器DSVG的研究[D].西安西安理工大学,2004.
[22]曾光,王嘉宁,李美娜.用于动态无功补偿检测的有源滤波器设计.电力电子技术,2004.
[23]林海雪.静止无功补偿装置在输电系统中的应用[J].电力设备,2004.
[24] C.Schauder,M.Gernhardt,E.Stacey. et al.Development of a ? 100Mar Static Condenser for Voltage Control of Transmission Systems.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1995,10.
[25] KELL D J . STATCOM for mitigation of flicker caused by anelect ricalarc furnace [D]. Winnipeg ,Manitoba ,Canada :University of Manitoba ,2005.
[26]吴家泉,谭昆玲,阮永平.电力系统无功补偿仿真分析电力电容器,2005.
[27]孙宏国.动态无功无级柔性补偿控制系统的研究.电力自动化设备,2006.
[28]杨坚.变电站电压无功控制策略的比较.电气应用,2001.
[29]张宇辉,金国彬,李天云.用对称分量法检测间谐波背景下的基波分量[D].电网技术,2001.
[30]赫伯特希尔特.语言大全[M].北京电子工业出版社,2003.
[31]马晓军,姜齐荣,王仲鸿.静止同步补偿器的分相不对称控制.中国电机工程学报,2001.
[32] MATHUR R M ,VARMA R K,徐政译.基于晶闸管的柔性交流输电控制装置.机械工业出版社,2005.
[33]赵刚,施围,林海雪.闪变值计算方法的研究.电网技术,2001.
[34]沈东,陈建业,韩英铎.系统电压畸变时STATCOM的运行性能研究.电力系统自化,2000.
[35]刘文华,姜齐荣,梁旭.±20 Mvar STATCOM总体设计.电力系统自动化,2000.
[36]中国电力科学研究院.电力系统综合程序用户手册(6. 1) [M],北京:中国电力科学研究院,2002.
[37]吴红斌,丁明,李生虎.发电机和负荷模型对暂态稳定性影响的概率分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(1):221.
[38]徐益民,刘岫岭,姜志成.STATCOM原理及控制方法研究.煤矿机械,2006,27(8):56-58.
[39]石伟.对FACTS元件-静止同步并联补偿器(STATCOM)控制算法的研究.河北工业大学硕士论文, 2007,11.
[40]倪以信,陈寿孙,张宝霖.动态电力系统的理论和分析[M].清华大学出版社,2002.
[41] [加]PRABHA KUNDUR著.电力系统稳定与控制[M].中国电力出版社,2002.
[42] B. K. Keshavan and Nagesh Prabhu. Damping of Subsynchronous Oscillations Using STATCOM - FACTS Controller.2004 International Conference on Power System Technology,2004.
[43] L.Gyugyi,“Converter-Based FACTS Technology:Electric Power Transmission in the 21st Century”,Proceedings of IPEC2000,Vol.1,pp:15-26,Tokyo,2000.
[44] A. H. M. A. Rahim,S. A. Baiyat,F. M. Kandlawala.“A robust STATCOM controller for power system dynamic performance enhancement”IEEE Power Engineering Sociep Summer Meeting,2006,Vol.2,pp:887-892.
[45] R.Mohan Mathur, Rajiv K.Varma.基于晶闸管的柔性交流输电控制装置.机械工业出版社,2005.
[46]蒋海波,谭建豪,阳卫伟.基于电压关联的无功的模糊边界调节九区图法[D].科学技术与工程, 2005.
[47]涂光瑜.人工智能技术在电力系统无功电压控制中的应用.电网技术,2002,22-28.
[48]魏峰,胡腾,王晓明.智能控制研究的发展及应用.工业控制计算机,2007,20(8)1-3.
[49]柯敏倩.用于无功功率静补偿系统的模糊控制方法[D].电机技术学报,2000.
[50]章为国.模糊控制理论与应用.西北工业大学出版社,1999.
[51]韩祯祥,吴小苗.模糊理论在电力系统中的应用.电力系统自动化,1994,18(4):55-64.
[52] N. Mithulananthan,C. A. Canizares,J. Reeve, G.J. Rogers.“Comparison of PSS,SVC and STATCOM controllers for damping power system oscillations”.IEEE Tramuctions OR Power Systems,Vo1.18,IS.:2,May 2003 pp:786-792.
[53]张静.MATLAB在控制系统中的应用.电子工业出版社,2007.
[54]陈桂明,张明照.应用MATLAB建模与仿真.科学出版社,2001.
[2]施鹏飞.2006年中国风电场装机容量统计.中国风能协会,2007.
[3]李俊峰,高虎.2008中国风电发展报告.中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[4]潘文霞.大型风电场电压稳定性分析与控制研究.河海大学博士论文,2004.
[5]张红光,张粒子.风电场介入电网的安全稳定分析.中国电力,2007,40(5):105-109.
[6]李建林,许洪华.风力发电系统低电压运行技术.机械工业出版社,2009.
[7]姜齐荣,谢小荣,陈建业.电力系统并联补偿结构、原理、控制与应用.机械工业出版社,2004.
[8]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.机械工业出版社,2005,167-196.
[9]任丕德,刘发友,周胜军.动态无功补偿技术的应用现状.电网技术,2004, 28(23):81-83.
[10]王伟,孙明冬,朱晓东.双馈式风力发电机低电压穿越技术分析.电力系统自动化,2007.
[11]高景德.交流电机及其系统的分析(第二版).清华大学出版社,2005.
[12]周志强.双馈感应风电机组电磁暂态建模、控制及实证研究[M].东北电力大学硕士论文,2008,3.
[13]姚骏,廖勇,唐建平.电网短路故障时交流励磁风力发电机不脱网运行的励磁控制策略.中国电机工程学报,2007,27(30):64-71.
[14]郭登科.双馈感应风力发电机低压穿越控制策略研究.东北电力大学硕士论文.2009,3.
[15]谢小荣,姜齐荣.柔性交流输电系统的原理与应用.清华大学出版社,2006.
[16]周双喜,朱凌志.电力系统电压稳定性及其控制.中国电力出版社,2004.
[17]钟焕双.电力系统中无功功率平衡对电压的影响.中图分类号:TM71, 1-5.
[18]张利国.浅谈电力系统中电压无功功率的控制.广东电力,2005.
[19]艾欣,蔡国伟等.应用静止无功补偿器提高伊敏一大庆输电线路的稳定性[D].东北力学院学报,2007.
[20]王锡凡,方万良,杜正春.现代电力系统分析.科学出版社,2003.
[21]马献.静止无功补偿器DSVG的研究[D].西安西安理工大学,2004.
[22]曾光,王嘉宁,李美娜.用于动态无功补偿检测的有源滤波器设计.电力电子技术,2004.
[23]林海雪.静止无功补偿装置在输电系统中的应用[J].电力设备,2004.
[24] C.Schauder,M.Gernhardt,E.Stacey. et al.Development of a ? 100Mar Static Condenser for Voltage Control of Transmission Systems.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1995,10.
[25] KELL D J . STATCOM for mitigation of flicker caused by anelect ricalarc furnace [D]. Winnipeg ,Manitoba ,Canada :University of Manitoba ,2005.
[26]吴家泉,谭昆玲,阮永平.电力系统无功补偿仿真分析电力电容器,2005.
[27]孙宏国.动态无功无级柔性补偿控制系统的研究.电力自动化设备,2006.
[28]杨坚.变电站电压无功控制策略的比较.电气应用,2001.
[29]张宇辉,金国彬,李天云.用对称分量法检测间谐波背景下的基波分量[D].电网技术,2001.
[30]赫伯特希尔特.语言大全[M].北京电子工业出版社,2003.
[31]马晓军,姜齐荣,王仲鸿.静止同步补偿器的分相不对称控制.中国电机工程学报,2001.
[32] MATHUR R M ,VARMA R K,徐政译.基于晶闸管的柔性交流输电控制装置.机械工业出版社,2005.
[33]赵刚,施围,林海雪.闪变值计算方法的研究.电网技术,2001.
[34]沈东,陈建业,韩英铎.系统电压畸变时STATCOM的运行性能研究.电力系统自化,2000.
[35]刘文华,姜齐荣,梁旭.±20 Mvar STATCOM总体设计.电力系统自动化,2000.
[36]中国电力科学研究院.电力系统综合程序用户手册(6. 1) [M],北京:中国电力科学研究院,2002.
[37]吴红斌,丁明,李生虎.发电机和负荷模型对暂态稳定性影响的概率分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(1):221.
[38]徐益民,刘岫岭,姜志成.STATCOM原理及控制方法研究.煤矿机械,2006,27(8):56-58.
[39]石伟.对FACTS元件-静止同步并联补偿器(STATCOM)控制算法的研究.河北工业大学硕士论文, 2007,11.
[40]倪以信,陈寿孙,张宝霖.动态电力系统的理论和分析[M].清华大学出版社,2002.
[41] [加]PRABHA KUNDUR著.电力系统稳定与控制[M].中国电力出版社,2002.
[42] B. K. Keshavan and Nagesh Prabhu. Damping of Subsynchronous Oscillations Using STATCOM - FACTS Controller.2004 International Conference on Power System Technology,2004.
[43] L.Gyugyi,“Converter-Based FACTS Technology:Electric Power Transmission in the 21st Century”,Proceedings of IPEC2000,Vol.1,pp:15-26,Tokyo,2000.
[44] A. H. M. A. Rahim,S. A. Baiyat,F. M. Kandlawala.“A robust STATCOM controller for power system dynamic performance enhancement”IEEE Power Engineering Sociep Summer Meeting,2006,Vol.2,pp:887-892.
[45] R.Mohan Mathur, Rajiv K.Varma.基于晶闸管的柔性交流输电控制装置.机械工业出版社,2005.
[46]蒋海波,谭建豪,阳卫伟.基于电压关联的无功的模糊边界调节九区图法[D].科学技术与工程, 2005.
[47]涂光瑜.人工智能技术在电力系统无功电压控制中的应用.电网技术,2002,22-28.
[48]魏峰,胡腾,王晓明.智能控制研究的发展及应用.工业控制计算机,2007,20(8)1-3.
[49]柯敏倩.用于无功功率静补偿系统的模糊控制方法[D].电机技术学报,2000.
[50]章为国.模糊控制理论与应用.西北工业大学出版社,1999.
[51]韩祯祥,吴小苗.模糊理论在电力系统中的应用.电力系统自动化,1994,18(4):55-64.
[52] N. Mithulananthan,C. A. Canizares,J. Reeve, G.J. Rogers.“Comparison of PSS,SVC and STATCOM controllers for damping power system oscillations”.IEEE Tramuctions OR Power Systems,Vo1.18,IS.:2,May 2003 pp:786-792.
[53]张静.MATLAB在控制系统中的应用.电子工业出版社,2007.
[54]陈桂明,张明照.应用MATLAB建模与仿真.科学出版社,2001.