基于LCL滤波器的三相三线并网变流器若干关键技术研究
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摘要
并网变流器涵盖基波应用的逆变／整流器、静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)和应用于谐波治理的并联有源电力滤波器,是一类重要的电力电子变流装置,对其主电路设计和电流闭环控制方法的研究具有重要的理论和工程实际意义。本文针对基于LCL滤波器的三相三线并网变流器,对上述问题进行研究。
LCL滤波器以其较好的滤波性能被越来越多地应用于并网变流器,但作为三阶对象,其牵涉的参数较多,不易设计。本文在详细分析LCL滤波器工作原理和特性的基础上,提出了一种基于限制总滤波电感压降、并保证滤波电容和电网侧滤波电感对高频电流分流效果的滤波器设计方法。该方法物理意义明确、简单易行,具有一定的工程应用价值。
并网变流器直流母线电容与功率模块电气连接的结构设计,对于抑制开关管的关断电压尖峰具有重要意义。本文分析了叠层平面母线减小等效电感的原理,并介绍了一种获得发明专利授权的简易平面母线制作方法。三维设计软件UG的应用有效提高了设计效率。
三阶的LCL滤波器增加了电流环的控制难度。本文提出了一种反馈电网电流、且利用数字控制固有一拍延时的稳定控制方法。理论分析表明,一拍控制延时引入的相位滞后降低了-180°相角穿越频率,提高了幅值裕度,从而保证了闭环稳定性。和需要反馈多个变量的有源阻尼方法相比,该控制方法无需增加额外的传感器,具有结构简单、成本低的优点。该创新点的研究工作,对于LCL滤波器的稳定控制具有重要的理论和实际意义。
为提高电流环的稳态精度,本文将重复控制和滞后一拍控制相结合,构成双环控制系统,同时保证了动态响应和稳态性能。实验结果表明,在基波和谐波应用下,双环控制都具有较好的动、静态性能。电流双环控制还能够在单一正转dq坐标系下进行电网电压不平衡控制,相较传统的双dq坐标系方法,有效简化了控制系统结构。电流的基波、谐波以及不平衡控制得到了统一
在大容量、高可靠性的应用场合,冗余并联是较好的解决方案。异于通常的切除整个三相并联模块的控制方法,本文提出了一种只切除故障桥臂的容错控制,不仅提高了剩余完好桥臂的利用率和装置的工作灵活性,而且为冗余并联控制开拓了新思路。由此造成的输出电流平衡控制问题,则在三相静止ABC坐标系下进行电流双环控制加以保证。实验结果验证了在输出滤波电路不平衡的情况下,三相输出电流仍然具有较好的对称度。
常规数字控制程序调试方法只能代入若干离散数据点进行测试,难以确保编程正确性,增加了损坏主电路的风险。本文提出了一种不需要主电路参与的数字控制系统离线闭环调试方法。该方法将离散化的控制对象在DSP芯片内部进行实时计算,实现了由DSP模拟整个闭环系统的运作,控制程序的能够被充分验证,提高了调试效率。
Grid connected converter (GCC) can operate in inverter and rectifier modes, which is widely used in Static Var Generator (SVG), Active Power Filter (APF) renewable & Distribution Generation (DG) etc. applications, and derives an important type of power electronics equipment. Therefore, main circuit design and current loop control of GCC based on LCL-filter are studied in this thesis.
LCL-filter, with good performance, is suitable for ac-side filter of GCC. As three order one, LCL-filter is difficult for design. An LCL-filter design approach with suitable filtering-inductor voltage drop and good bypass effect for switching ripple provided by capacitor and grid-side inductor is proposed based on LCL-filter operation characteristic analysis. This design approach is simple and suitable for practice.
DC-bus structure design is important to suppress turn-off voltage spike of IGBT. Laminated bus bar can reduce stray inductance effectively. A simple process of bas bar protected by patent is introduced.3D Software UG is adopted to improve design efficiency.
LCL-filter, as a three order one, causes difficulty of stabilization. A grid-side current feedback control approach using inherent one-beat delay of digital control is proposed. Additional phase lag reducing-180°crossing frequency caused by one-beat delay can improve open-loop magnitude margin and ensure close-loop stability. Compared with active damping method, it is also low cost because of no additional sensor is required.
To improve steady-state performance of current loop, one-beat delay control as inner loop and repetitive control as outer loop can be combined together to construct double-loop control, so that both fast dynamic response and small steady-state error can be obtained. Simulation and experimental results validate that the proposed double-loop control designed for LCL-filter based GCC can satisfy both dynamic and steady-state performance. The double-loop control can perform unbalanced grid control in synchronous rotating dq frame. Therefore, control system is simplified and fundamental, harmonic and unbalanced current control can be unified..
Redundant parallel is suitable for high power and reliability application. Different with common cut-off whole parallel module, this thesis proposes a novel fault-tolerance method that just cut off failure leg to improve system flexibility. Double-loop control in ABC steady frame is used to ensure balanced output current. Principle analysis and experimental results prove that the current control method is robust and reserves good steady-state performance to guarantee balanced output current when the circuit parameter is changed.
To simplify debugging of digital control system, an off-line close-loop debugging method is proposed, no main circuit is required. Through discreted control object is real-time computed in DSP, the DSP can simulate close-loop operation, so that control program can be tested fully and debugging efficiency is improved.
LCL滤波器以其较好的滤波性能被越来越多地应用于并网变流器,但作为三阶对象,其牵涉的参数较多,不易设计。本文在详细分析LCL滤波器工作原理和特性的基础上,提出了一种基于限制总滤波电感压降、并保证滤波电容和电网侧滤波电感对高频电流分流效果的滤波器设计方法。该方法物理意义明确、简单易行,具有一定的工程应用价值。
并网变流器直流母线电容与功率模块电气连接的结构设计,对于抑制开关管的关断电压尖峰具有重要意义。本文分析了叠层平面母线减小等效电感的原理,并介绍了一种获得发明专利授权的简易平面母线制作方法。三维设计软件UG的应用有效提高了设计效率。
三阶的LCL滤波器增加了电流环的控制难度。本文提出了一种反馈电网电流、且利用数字控制固有一拍延时的稳定控制方法。理论分析表明,一拍控制延时引入的相位滞后降低了-180°相角穿越频率,提高了幅值裕度,从而保证了闭环稳定性。和需要反馈多个变量的有源阻尼方法相比,该控制方法无需增加额外的传感器,具有结构简单、成本低的优点。该创新点的研究工作,对于LCL滤波器的稳定控制具有重要的理论和实际意义。
为提高电流环的稳态精度,本文将重复控制和滞后一拍控制相结合,构成双环控制系统,同时保证了动态响应和稳态性能。实验结果表明,在基波和谐波应用下,双环控制都具有较好的动、静态性能。电流双环控制还能够在单一正转dq坐标系下进行电网电压不平衡控制,相较传统的双dq坐标系方法,有效简化了控制系统结构。电流的基波、谐波以及不平衡控制得到了统一
在大容量、高可靠性的应用场合,冗余并联是较好的解决方案。异于通常的切除整个三相并联模块的控制方法,本文提出了一种只切除故障桥臂的容错控制,不仅提高了剩余完好桥臂的利用率和装置的工作灵活性,而且为冗余并联控制开拓了新思路。由此造成的输出电流平衡控制问题,则在三相静止ABC坐标系下进行电流双环控制加以保证。实验结果验证了在输出滤波电路不平衡的情况下,三相输出电流仍然具有较好的对称度。
常规数字控制程序调试方法只能代入若干离散数据点进行测试,难以确保编程正确性,增加了损坏主电路的风险。本文提出了一种不需要主电路参与的数字控制系统离线闭环调试方法。该方法将离散化的控制对象在DSP芯片内部进行实时计算,实现了由DSP模拟整个闭环系统的运作,控制程序的能够被充分验证,提高了调试效率。
Grid connected converter (GCC) can operate in inverter and rectifier modes, which is widely used in Static Var Generator (SVG), Active Power Filter (APF) renewable & Distribution Generation (DG) etc. applications, and derives an important type of power electronics equipment. Therefore, main circuit design and current loop control of GCC based on LCL-filter are studied in this thesis.
LCL-filter, with good performance, is suitable for ac-side filter of GCC. As three order one, LCL-filter is difficult for design. An LCL-filter design approach with suitable filtering-inductor voltage drop and good bypass effect for switching ripple provided by capacitor and grid-side inductor is proposed based on LCL-filter operation characteristic analysis. This design approach is simple and suitable for practice.
DC-bus structure design is important to suppress turn-off voltage spike of IGBT. Laminated bus bar can reduce stray inductance effectively. A simple process of bas bar protected by patent is introduced.3D Software UG is adopted to improve design efficiency.
LCL-filter, as a three order one, causes difficulty of stabilization. A grid-side current feedback control approach using inherent one-beat delay of digital control is proposed. Additional phase lag reducing-180°crossing frequency caused by one-beat delay can improve open-loop magnitude margin and ensure close-loop stability. Compared with active damping method, it is also low cost because of no additional sensor is required.
To improve steady-state performance of current loop, one-beat delay control as inner loop and repetitive control as outer loop can be combined together to construct double-loop control, so that both fast dynamic response and small steady-state error can be obtained. Simulation and experimental results validate that the proposed double-loop control designed for LCL-filter based GCC can satisfy both dynamic and steady-state performance. The double-loop control can perform unbalanced grid control in synchronous rotating dq frame. Therefore, control system is simplified and fundamental, harmonic and unbalanced current control can be unified..
Redundant parallel is suitable for high power and reliability application. Different with common cut-off whole parallel module, this thesis proposes a novel fault-tolerance method that just cut off failure leg to improve system flexibility. Double-loop control in ABC steady frame is used to ensure balanced output current. Principle analysis and experimental results prove that the current control method is robust and reserves good steady-state performance to guarantee balanced output current when the circuit parameter is changed.
To simplify debugging of digital control system, an off-line close-loop debugging method is proposed, no main circuit is required. Through discreted control object is real-time computed in DSP, the DSP can simulate close-loop operation, so that control program can be tested fully and debugging efficiency is improved.
引文
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