串联混合有源电力滤波器新型控制技术研究
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摘要
电能质量的改善和提高是当前电气工程学科重要和热门的研究领域之一,具有重大的工程实际应用意义。随着电力需求的不断扩大,电网结构日益复杂,各种非线性负载产生的谐波日益增加,而电力用户对电力滤波装置的容量、性能的要求也越来越高。近几十年来电力电子和计算机等技术日臻成熟,使得有源电力滤波器补偿非线性负载产生的谐波、改善电网电能质量在实际工程得到广泛应用。电力电子器件可控能量水平和电力系统要求控制能量之间存在巨大差距使得混合型有源电力滤波器得到了广泛的研究和应用。本文着重研究串联混合型有源电力滤波器的控制技术,同时探讨了其电路拓扑、滤波特性以及在实际应用中存在的一些问题,为推动串联混合型有源电力滤波器的实用化奠定基础。
针对不同负载类型及众多有源电力滤波器拓扑,本文从电路对偶原理出发,按照谐波抑制功能分成抑制电流源型非线性负载的有源电力滤波器拓扑和它们的对偶型电路-抑制电压型非线性负载的有源电力滤波器。分析了降低有源电力滤波器有源容量的多种基本对偶型电路拓扑,衍生出多种结构的串联混合型有源电力滤波器拓扑。
快速,准确的谐波检测算法及其数字实现是有源电力滤波器高性能应用的关键技术之
本文从同步旋转坐标谐波检测法时频域数学特征出发,建立三相统一的数学模型,揭示了同步旋转坐标谐波检测法在全频域内具有解耦特性和带通限波器特性。为解决同步旋转坐标谐波检测法在数字实现过程中存在采样延时和数字量化误差之间的矛盾,提出了一种多级指数平均值数字低通滤波器,使得同步旋转坐标谐波检测法能以高采样频率采样,具有量化误差小,算法简单,运算时间短,检测精度高,为参数优化设计提供保障。
为提高串联混合有源电力滤波器的滤波性能,解决谐波阻抗增益与系统闭环控制稳定性之间的矛盾,本文首先基于同步旋转坐标谐波检测法的时频域数学模型,利用状态空间平均法并考虑数字控制器、逆变器、低通滤波器和二阶载波滤波器等影响的基础上,对串联混合型有源电力滤波器建立了数学控制模型。根据控制模型对串联混合型有源电力滤波器的稳定性进行定量分析。为提高系统滤波性能,减少数字控制延时对系统稳定性的影响,提出了相位超前补偿控制策略。为降低二阶输出滤波器的阻尼损耗加大系统的稳定裕度,提出了微分阻尼负反馈控制策略,同时也可以结合相位超前补偿控制策略得到更佳的滤波性能。
本文还对串入式串联混合有源电力滤波器的电路拓扑和控制技术进行研究。在串入式串联混合有源电力滤波器拓扑电路的基础上提出改进型串入式串联混合有源电力滤波器,比较可知串入式串联混合有源电力滤波器及其改进型滤波性能基本一致且明显好于传统串联混合有源电力滤波器。对所建立的串入式串联混合有源电力滤波器,改进型串入式串联混合有源电力滤波器的数学控制模型进行分析研究,按有谐波检测和无谐波检测提出多种可能的控制策略。
最后,对串联混合型有源电力滤波器在实际应用过程中存在的电流型负载在换相短路时对电网电流产生冲击,运用抗冲击电流电感法和串入式串联混合有源电力滤波器电路拓扑等方法来抑制电网电流冲击。而对于串联混合型有源电力滤波器实际应用中的重要参数系统阻抗,本文同样提出了利用电流型负载在换相动态过程中自然短路的思想来在线实时测量电网系统阻抗。
This dissertation is mainly in the field of the power quality control. The research of the power quality improvement is of the great significance and of the most important in the electrical engineering. With the increment of the electric power requirement, the electric power network composition bearings in the increasingly complex. The proliferation of electronic loads in commercial and industrial installations has created a serious concern in the field of electric power engineering due to harmonic distortion produced in the mains. The compensation for harmonic and reactive currents becomes increasingly important both for utilities and industries to feed their sensitive equipment with a quality power. Active power filters are presently the most versatile and effective equipments to confront the challenge of reducing disturbances in power system. They are applicable of compensating current-based distortions such as current harmonics, reactive and neutral current. They are also used for voltage-based distortions such as shunt, series, and hybrid and unified power quality conditioners that have been proposed by many researchers. The dilemma between the electricity requirement and the control energy level of the power electronic device encourages the application of the hybrid active power filters. The purpose of the research in this dissertation is the circuit topology, filter characteristic, the control system and the problem application of the hybrid series active power filter, and this will lay a foundation for promoting its practical use as soon as possible.
Firstly, this dissertation summarizes and reveals the presented basic active power filters based on the preceding observation and circuitry duality. These two types of harmonic suppressing devices have completed distinctive based on the dual properties of the current source nonlinear loads and the voltage source nonlinear loads. Among them some novel filter configurations are also proposed. A comprehensive comparison of all configurations is made in terms of required ratings, costs, performance and control.
Quick and Accurate harmonic detection and its digital realization are the key technology for the active power filter. A unified positive and negative sequence math model of the synchronous frame harmonic detection method is constructed in this dissertation. Its harmonic detection characteristic is analyzed and the parameter optimization of the low power filter is given. The contradiction between the sample settling time delay and the coefficient quantization error, when the synchronous frame harmonic detection method is realized in DSP, is discussed in detail. A multi-cascade exponential mean digital low pass filter based on high sampling-rate is proposed to solve the problem. It can attain the small coefficient quantization error, high precision with the high rate sampling frequency, and can provide the optimize parameter design of the synchronous frame harmonic detection method.
The filter performance of the series hybrid active power filter is confine to its control stability. In order to coordinate their problem, a state-space averaging model of the series hybrid active power filter is constructed to analyze its stability mechanism and parameters design based on the unified positive and negative sequence math model of the synchronous frame harmonic detection method, the effect of the power system, the main circuit of the hybrid active power filter and its control circuit. Taking into account the effect of the time delay to the system stability, a phase-lead compensation control strategy is proposed to improve the stability and filter performance of the series hybrid active power filter. A novel damping control strategy of the output filter is proposed, which solves the loss of the damping resistor and favorably applies in the high voltage and high power grids.
The circuit topology and control strategy of the series-in series hybrid active power filter is also study in this dissertation. The improved-type series-in series hybrid active power filter is proposed. They have the same excellent filter performance and are better than traditional series hybrid active power filter. Several control strategies either harmonic detection method or no harmonic detection methods are presented for the series-in series hybrid active power filter and its improved circuit topology.
Finally, the current-source nonlinear load is normally composed of the thyristor or diode rectifier, but the process of the commutation will cause the line current rush for the series hybrid active filter. In order to solve this problem, a method of the rush current inductor that a large inductor is series in between passive filters and rectifier, and a series-in series hybrid active power filter are proposed to suppress the line rush current. For the rush current inductor, a larger inductor is added to increase the impedance under the condition of the short commutation, while the shortcoming of the method is that it increases the size and cost of the whole system. The series-in series hybrid active filter which a fundamental frequency series resonance circuit is series in the AC side of the inverter can suppress the rush line current, improve the filtering performance and reduce the rating of the inverter in spite of the increment of the size and cost of the passive components. For the important characteristic of the source system impedance applied in active power filter, a novel method of on-line measurement for the source system impedance is proposed, which utilized the dynamic process of spontaneous short-circuit of the rectifier current transition.
针对不同负载类型及众多有源电力滤波器拓扑,本文从电路对偶原理出发,按照谐波抑制功能分成抑制电流源型非线性负载的有源电力滤波器拓扑和它们的对偶型电路-抑制电压型非线性负载的有源电力滤波器。分析了降低有源电力滤波器有源容量的多种基本对偶型电路拓扑,衍生出多种结构的串联混合型有源电力滤波器拓扑。
快速,准确的谐波检测算法及其数字实现是有源电力滤波器高性能应用的关键技术之
本文从同步旋转坐标谐波检测法时频域数学特征出发,建立三相统一的数学模型,揭示了同步旋转坐标谐波检测法在全频域内具有解耦特性和带通限波器特性。为解决同步旋转坐标谐波检测法在数字实现过程中存在采样延时和数字量化误差之间的矛盾,提出了一种多级指数平均值数字低通滤波器,使得同步旋转坐标谐波检测法能以高采样频率采样,具有量化误差小,算法简单,运算时间短,检测精度高,为参数优化设计提供保障。
为提高串联混合有源电力滤波器的滤波性能,解决谐波阻抗增益与系统闭环控制稳定性之间的矛盾,本文首先基于同步旋转坐标谐波检测法的时频域数学模型,利用状态空间平均法并考虑数字控制器、逆变器、低通滤波器和二阶载波滤波器等影响的基础上,对串联混合型有源电力滤波器建立了数学控制模型。根据控制模型对串联混合型有源电力滤波器的稳定性进行定量分析。为提高系统滤波性能,减少数字控制延时对系统稳定性的影响,提出了相位超前补偿控制策略。为降低二阶输出滤波器的阻尼损耗加大系统的稳定裕度,提出了微分阻尼负反馈控制策略,同时也可以结合相位超前补偿控制策略得到更佳的滤波性能。
本文还对串入式串联混合有源电力滤波器的电路拓扑和控制技术进行研究。在串入式串联混合有源电力滤波器拓扑电路的基础上提出改进型串入式串联混合有源电力滤波器,比较可知串入式串联混合有源电力滤波器及其改进型滤波性能基本一致且明显好于传统串联混合有源电力滤波器。对所建立的串入式串联混合有源电力滤波器,改进型串入式串联混合有源电力滤波器的数学控制模型进行分析研究,按有谐波检测和无谐波检测提出多种可能的控制策略。
最后,对串联混合型有源电力滤波器在实际应用过程中存在的电流型负载在换相短路时对电网电流产生冲击,运用抗冲击电流电感法和串入式串联混合有源电力滤波器电路拓扑等方法来抑制电网电流冲击。而对于串联混合型有源电力滤波器实际应用中的重要参数系统阻抗,本文同样提出了利用电流型负载在换相动态过程中自然短路的思想来在线实时测量电网系统阻抗。
This dissertation is mainly in the field of the power quality control. The research of the power quality improvement is of the great significance and of the most important in the electrical engineering. With the increment of the electric power requirement, the electric power network composition bearings in the increasingly complex. The proliferation of electronic loads in commercial and industrial installations has created a serious concern in the field of electric power engineering due to harmonic distortion produced in the mains. The compensation for harmonic and reactive currents becomes increasingly important both for utilities and industries to feed their sensitive equipment with a quality power. Active power filters are presently the most versatile and effective equipments to confront the challenge of reducing disturbances in power system. They are applicable of compensating current-based distortions such as current harmonics, reactive and neutral current. They are also used for voltage-based distortions such as shunt, series, and hybrid and unified power quality conditioners that have been proposed by many researchers. The dilemma between the electricity requirement and the control energy level of the power electronic device encourages the application of the hybrid active power filters. The purpose of the research in this dissertation is the circuit topology, filter characteristic, the control system and the problem application of the hybrid series active power filter, and this will lay a foundation for promoting its practical use as soon as possible.
Firstly, this dissertation summarizes and reveals the presented basic active power filters based on the preceding observation and circuitry duality. These two types of harmonic suppressing devices have completed distinctive based on the dual properties of the current source nonlinear loads and the voltage source nonlinear loads. Among them some novel filter configurations are also proposed. A comprehensive comparison of all configurations is made in terms of required ratings, costs, performance and control.
Quick and Accurate harmonic detection and its digital realization are the key technology for the active power filter. A unified positive and negative sequence math model of the synchronous frame harmonic detection method is constructed in this dissertation. Its harmonic detection characteristic is analyzed and the parameter optimization of the low power filter is given. The contradiction between the sample settling time delay and the coefficient quantization error, when the synchronous frame harmonic detection method is realized in DSP, is discussed in detail. A multi-cascade exponential mean digital low pass filter based on high sampling-rate is proposed to solve the problem. It can attain the small coefficient quantization error, high precision with the high rate sampling frequency, and can provide the optimize parameter design of the synchronous frame harmonic detection method.
The filter performance of the series hybrid active power filter is confine to its control stability. In order to coordinate their problem, a state-space averaging model of the series hybrid active power filter is constructed to analyze its stability mechanism and parameters design based on the unified positive and negative sequence math model of the synchronous frame harmonic detection method, the effect of the power system, the main circuit of the hybrid active power filter and its control circuit. Taking into account the effect of the time delay to the system stability, a phase-lead compensation control strategy is proposed to improve the stability and filter performance of the series hybrid active power filter. A novel damping control strategy of the output filter is proposed, which solves the loss of the damping resistor and favorably applies in the high voltage and high power grids.
The circuit topology and control strategy of the series-in series hybrid active power filter is also study in this dissertation. The improved-type series-in series hybrid active power filter is proposed. They have the same excellent filter performance and are better than traditional series hybrid active power filter. Several control strategies either harmonic detection method or no harmonic detection methods are presented for the series-in series hybrid active power filter and its improved circuit topology.
Finally, the current-source nonlinear load is normally composed of the thyristor or diode rectifier, but the process of the commutation will cause the line current rush for the series hybrid active filter. In order to solve this problem, a method of the rush current inductor that a large inductor is series in between passive filters and rectifier, and a series-in series hybrid active power filter are proposed to suppress the line rush current. For the rush current inductor, a larger inductor is added to increase the impedance under the condition of the short commutation, while the shortcoming of the method is that it increases the size and cost of the whole system. The series-in series hybrid active filter which a fundamental frequency series resonance circuit is series in the AC side of the inverter can suppress the rush line current, improve the filtering performance and reduce the rating of the inverter in spite of the increment of the size and cost of the passive components. For the important characteristic of the source system impedance applied in active power filter, a novel method of on-line measurement for the source system impedance is proposed, which utilized the dynamic process of spontaneous short-circuit of the rectifier current transition.
引文
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