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新型混合有源电力滤波器研究
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摘要
经过30多年的努力,有源电力滤波器(APF)的研究取得了丰硕的成果,但是没有得到广泛的应用,在大功率谐波负载的应用更是很少,而大功率非线性负载常常是电网最重要的谐波源。
     具有高负载/逆变器容量比的APF的研究具有重要的现实意义。APF通常是以现代电力半导体开关与先进控制技术为基础的,相对于静止无功补偿、晶闸管调压等电力电子装置,其产品成本要高出许多。高容量APF还存在许多其他问题:基于高频开关工作原理的逆变器的工作效率难以提高到95%以上,IGBT等快速全控型器件的功率等级还不能与电网谐波负载容量相匹配,高容量电力电子装置的可靠性还缺乏实际运行考验。总之,根据目前电力电子技术的水平,APF的有源容量还难以达到电力系统的高容量负载的谐波抑制要求,且采用纯有源容量的APF其运行是不经济的。
     本文主要的研究目标是:将APF的有源部分仅仅限于谐波处理并以此大幅度提高混合型APF的负载/逆变器容量比。带基波电流旁路通道的串联混合有源电力滤波器是高负载/逆变器容量比的的拓扑之一,本文详细分析了该拓扑正常工作需满足的条件。指出并用仿真和实验证明了原有控制方法在实际负载不对称时,在逆变器和基波旁路通道之间会发生基波电流谐振现象,导致逆变器的容量剧增或烧毁。达不到设置基波旁路通道以降低逆变器/负载容量比的目的。
     本文对三相三线制带基波电流旁路通道的串联混合有源滤波器提出了基于双dq变换的控制方法。仿真和实验证实了该方法对不对称三相三线制非线性负载谐波抑制的有效性。本文将带基波电流旁路通道的串联混合有源电力滤波器应用于三相四线制非线性负载的谐波抑制,提出了基于鉴相原理的控制方法,并由仿真证实了该方法的有效性。研制了一台5kVA的样机,进行了三线三线对称负载和不对称负载的实验。实验证明,在本文的控制方法下,在负载不对称时,逆变器和基波电流旁路通道之间不会发生基波电流谐振现象,逆变器只流过电网谐波电流,真正达到逆变器只处理谐波的目的,有效地降低了逆变器占负载的容量比。
     本文提出了高负载/逆变器容量比的APF的工作原理和设计方案,采用本文提出的控制方法,能够大幅度降低带基波电流旁路通道的串联混合有源电力滤波器的逆变器容量,为大幅度降低串联混合有源电力滤波器的成本、扩大其适用负载的容量提供了新的方法,对于有源电力滤波器的深入理论研究和电力系统高功率谐波抑制设备的开发与应用推广,具有重要的学术意义与应用前景。
During recent 30 years, study on Active power filter (APF) has plentiful achievements, however, it has not been broadly applied yet, especially for high power nonlinear loads, which are normally the most important harmonic source.The research for APF with high ratio between the raings of load and inverter is especially meaningful. Compared with such power electronic equipments as SGSand voltage conditioner with thyristors, the cost of APF, which combines with modern power semiconductor switches (mainly IGBT) and advanced control scheme, is extremely high. The following problem of APF with high capacity exists: efficiency of the inverter with high switching frequency can hardly be increased to exceed 95%; the present power level of fast and self-turnoff switches, such as IGBT and so on, can not match the capacity of the nonlinear loads; reliability of high capacity power electronic equipment requires to be verified. In a word, considering the present status of power electronic technology, active power capacity of APF can not reach the requirement of harmonic suppression for power system with high load capacity, furthermore, the pure active power filter is not cost effective.The purpose of this dissertation is specified as follows: the active part of APF is confined to harmonic procession and accordingly, the ratio between the VA ratings of load and inverter of hybrid APF will be greatly improved. Requirement of normal operation for series hybrid APF with fundamental bypass channel, which is one of the topologies with high ratio between the VA ratings of the load and inverter, is specified. When encountered the asymmetrical loads, the problem that fundamental current resonance between the inverter and the fundamental bypass channel occurs by adopting the original control scheme and results in great increase in the capacity of the inverter or destruction of the whole inverter, is verified by both experiment and simulation, and that the purpose of adding the fundamental current bypass circuit can not be achieved.Dedicated to three-phase three-line system and series hybrid APF with fundamental bypass channel, control scheme based on dual d-q transformation is presented in this dissertation. The harmonic suppression validity of the scheme for the very system with nonlinear loads is verified by simulation and experiment. As for the three-phase four-line system, control scheme based on phase identifying principle is presented in this dissertation, accordingly, the validity is verified by simulation. Experiments are implemented by a 5kVA prototype for hree-phase and three-line system, respectively with symmetrical and
    asymmetrical load. By adopting the control scheme presenting in this dissertation, problem of fundamental current resonance between the inverter and the fundamental current bypass circuit is avoided and the inverter just passes through the harmonic current. Consequently, the VA rating of the active part is greatly decreased.Operation principle and design consideration of the APF with high ratio between the VA ratings of the load and inverter is presented in this dissertation. By adopting the presented control scheme, inverter capacity of APF with fundamental current bypass circuit is greatly decreased, therefore, cost of series hybrid APF is greatly decreased and the new strategy can be adopted for harmonic suppression of larger nonlinear loads, which contributes to further theoretical research, also accelerates development and broad application of high power harmonic suppression equipment.
引文
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