曝气生物滤池在污水回用中的应用研究
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摘要
本文对曝气生物滤池深度处理城市污水厂二级出水用于回用目的的性能进行了研究，主要内容包括：
(1)曝气生物滤池填料的优选。通过对陶粒、石英砂、沸石及焦碳四种填料的性能进行对比，结果表明，陶粒在挂膜稳定性和去除污染物能力方面优于其它三种填料。
(2)曝气生物滤池挂膜方式的优选。通过对直接以正常工作滤速启动、直接通入要处理的水逐步提高滤速启动以及污泥接种三种方式进行对比，结果表明，直接以正常工作滤速启动具有挂膜速度快、培养出的生物膜性能好的优点，是一种适合曝气生物滤池深度处理的启动方式。
(3) 曝气生物滤池处理性能的分析。主要对曝气生物滤池处理COD、浊度、NH3-N、SS的性能及其影响因素进行了研究，结果表明：① 采用粒径大小为2～4mm的陶粒为曝气生物滤池的滤料，在填料高度2m，进水水力负荷1.6m3/(m2﹒h)时，上向流曝气生物滤池处理后的出水可以达到景观环境用水水质标准；在填料高度2.3m，水力负荷6.4m3/(m2﹒h)时，下向流曝气生物滤池处理后出水可以达到生活杂用水水质标准；
(4)曝气生物滤池的反冲洗。对曝气生物滤池的反冲洗方式、反冲洗强度及反冲洗周期进行了研究。结果表明，采用先气洗，再气-水联合反冲洗，最后水漂洗的方式反冲洗效果好，反冲洗周期与进水水质、滤池的流向、水力负荷等因素有关。反冲洗参数为：单独气冲的强度为10～12L/(m2﹒s)，历时3min；气-水联合冲洗时，气冲的强度为10～12L/(m2﹒s)，水冲强度为7 L/(m2﹒s)左右，历时为6min；用水漂洗时的强度为9 L/(m2﹒s)左右，历时5min。
In this thesis, Application of biological aerated filter (BAF) in secondary effluent advanced treatment for reuse and reclamation is studied. It mainly includes aspects as follows:
(1) Media select. Comparing the performance of biofilm growth and pollutants removal of ceramics, quartzite, zeolite and coke, results show that ceramics is better than others.
(2) Start-up manner select. Comparing the performance of directly passing the process water with working flow rate, directly passing the process water with gradually increasing flow rate, and using activated sludge as seed, results show that start-up manner of directly passing the process water with working flow rate is better than others, and very suitable for wastewater advanced treatment, which has shorter start-up time, better biofilm growth state.
(3) Treatment capacity analysis. The performance of BAF in COD, turbidity, NH3-N, SS removal and its influence factors are all studied, results show these: ceramics size is 2～4mm, when media height is 2m ,under the hydraulic loading of 1.8m3/(m2﹒h),the treatment effluent for upflow BAF can meet Scenic Water Quality Standard; When media height is 2.3m, under the hydraulic loading of 6.4m3/(m2﹒h),the treatment effluent for downflow BAF can meet Miscellaneous Domestic Water Quality Standard.
(4) Backwash. The method, intensity, and period of backwash are all discussed, results show that the method of firstly air scouring, then air-water backwash, finally water-wash has many advantages over other methods. Backwash period is relative to water quality, inlet manner and hydraulic loading, etc. Backwash parameters are summarized as these: single air scouring intensity is 10～12L/(m2﹒s), last time is 3min; then
air intensity, water intensity and last time for air-water backwash is 10～12L/(m2﹒s), 7 L/(m2﹒s) and 6min respectively; finally water-wash intensity is 9 L/(m2﹒s), last time is 5min.
(1)曝气生物滤池填料的优选。通过对陶粒、石英砂、沸石及焦碳四种填料的性能进行对比，结果表明，陶粒在挂膜稳定性和去除污染物能力方面优于其它三种填料。
(2)曝气生物滤池挂膜方式的优选。通过对直接以正常工作滤速启动、直接通入要处理的水逐步提高滤速启动以及污泥接种三种方式进行对比，结果表明，直接以正常工作滤速启动具有挂膜速度快、培养出的生物膜性能好的优点，是一种适合曝气生物滤池深度处理的启动方式。
(3) 曝气生物滤池处理性能的分析。主要对曝气生物滤池处理COD、浊度、NH3-N、SS的性能及其影响因素进行了研究，结果表明：① 采用粒径大小为2～4mm的陶粒为曝气生物滤池的滤料，在填料高度2m，进水水力负荷1.6m3/(m2﹒h)时，上向流曝气生物滤池处理后的出水可以达到景观环境用水水质标准；在填料高度2.3m，水力负荷6.4m3/(m2﹒h)时，下向流曝气生物滤池处理后出水可以达到生活杂用水水质标准；
(4)曝气生物滤池的反冲洗。对曝气生物滤池的反冲洗方式、反冲洗强度及反冲洗周期进行了研究。结果表明，采用先气洗，再气-水联合反冲洗，最后水漂洗的方式反冲洗效果好，反冲洗周期与进水水质、滤池的流向、水力负荷等因素有关。反冲洗参数为：单独气冲的强度为10～12L/(m2﹒s)，历时3min；气-水联合冲洗时，气冲的强度为10～12L/(m2﹒s)，水冲强度为7 L/(m2﹒s)左右，历时为6min；用水漂洗时的强度为9 L/(m2﹒s)左右，历时5min。
In this thesis, Application of biological aerated filter (BAF) in secondary effluent advanced treatment for reuse and reclamation is studied. It mainly includes aspects as follows:
(1) Media select. Comparing the performance of biofilm growth and pollutants removal of ceramics, quartzite, zeolite and coke, results show that ceramics is better than others.
(2) Start-up manner select. Comparing the performance of directly passing the process water with working flow rate, directly passing the process water with gradually increasing flow rate, and using activated sludge as seed, results show that start-up manner of directly passing the process water with working flow rate is better than others, and very suitable for wastewater advanced treatment, which has shorter start-up time, better biofilm growth state.
(3) Treatment capacity analysis. The performance of BAF in COD, turbidity, NH3-N, SS removal and its influence factors are all studied, results show these: ceramics size is 2～4mm, when media height is 2m ,under the hydraulic loading of 1.8m3/(m2﹒h),the treatment effluent for upflow BAF can meet Scenic Water Quality Standard; When media height is 2.3m, under the hydraulic loading of 6.4m3/(m2﹒h),the treatment effluent for downflow BAF can meet Miscellaneous Domestic Water Quality Standard.
(4) Backwash. The method, intensity, and period of backwash are all discussed, results show that the method of firstly air scouring, then air-water backwash, finally water-wash has many advantages over other methods. Backwash period is relative to water quality, inlet manner and hydraulic loading, etc. Backwash parameters are summarized as these: single air scouring intensity is 10～12L/(m2﹒s), last time is 3min; then
air intensity, water intensity and last time for air-water backwash is 10～12L/(m2﹒s), 7 L/(m2﹒s) and 6min respectively; finally water-wash intensity is 9 L/(m2﹒s), last time is 5min.
引文
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3 周彤. 污水回用决策与技术. 化学工业出版社, 2002
4 张杰等. 城市污水深度处理与水资源可持利用. 中国给水排水. 2001, 17(3): 20~21
5 柯崇宜等. 青岛海泊河污水处理厂污水回用工程. 中国给水排水. 1999, 15(8):35~36
6 江雄志等. 石家庄市污水回用现状及发展构想. 中国给水排水. 2001, 17(9):62~64
7 肖锦. 城市污水处理及回用技术. 化学工业出版社, 2002
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9 邓风. 城市污水深度处理工艺及回用途径. 节能. 2002, (4): 41~42
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11 张智等. 复合生物滤池深度处理城市污水研究. 中国给水排水. 2000, 16(1): 5~8
12 马志毅. 城市污水回用概述. 给水排水. 1997, 23(12):61~63
13 齐兵强等. 曝气生物滤池在污水处理中的应用. 给水排水. 2000, 26(10):4~8
14 聂军等. 第三代生物膜反应器BIOFOR. 给水排水. 1997, 23(8):21~24
15 张忠波等. 新型曝气生物滤池—BIOSTYR.给水排水. 2000, 26(6)
16 J.P.Canler and J.M.Perret. Biological Aerated Filters: Assessment of the Process Based on 12 Sewage Treatment Plant. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1994, 29(10~11):13~22
17 赵清等. 污水回用中COD和氨氮去除方法探讨. 石油化工环境保护. 2001, (3):1~5
18 S.Adachi, Y.Fuchu. Reclamation and Reuse of Wastewater by Biological Aerated Filter Process. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1991, 24(9):195~204
19 S. Kuribayashi. Experimental Studies on Advanced Treatment of Wastewater for Amenity Use. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1992, 26(9~11):2401~2404
20 胡玉民. 天津市纪庄子污水处理厂二级出水深度处理——好氧生物陶粒滤池过滤的研究. 天津大学硕士论文. 1990
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22 李汝琪等. 曝气生物滤池处理生活污水试验. 环境科学. 1999, 20(5):69~71
23 李亚新等. 生物曝气滤池处理生活污水工艺特性研究. 给水排水. 2001, 27(9):31~33
24 郑俊等. 上流式曝气生物滤池处理生活污水. 中国给水排水. 2001, 17(1):51~53
25 P.W.Westerman, J.R.Bicudo, A.Kantardjieff. Upflow Biological Aerated Filters for the Treatment of Flushed Swine Manure. Bioresource Technology. 2000, (74):181~190
26 李汝琪等. 曝气生物滤池处理啤酒废水研究. 环境科学. 1999, 20(4):83~85
27 Won-Seok Chang, Seok-Won Hong and Joonkyu Park. Effect of Zeolite Media for the Treatment of Textile Wastewater in a Biological Aerated filter. Process Biochemistry. 2002, 37(7): 693~698
28 K.R.Gimore, K.J.Husovitz, T.Holst, N.G.Love. Influence of Organic and Ammonia Loading on Nitrifier Activity and Nitrification Performance for a Two-stage Biological Aerated Filter System. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1999, 39(7):227~234
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30 雷国元等. 二级曝气生物滤池处理城市污水的研究. 武汉科技大学学报. 2000, 23(4):373~375
31 P.Chudoba, R.Pujol. A Three-stage Biofiltration Process: Performances of a Pilot Plant. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1998, 38(8~9):257~265
32 A.T.Mann and T.Stephenson. Modelling Biological Aerated Filters for Wastewater Treatment. Wat. Res. 1997, 31(10):2443~2448
33 李汝琪等. 曝气生物滤池去除污染物的机理研究.环境科学. 1999, 20(6):49~52
34 Kyeong-Ho Lim and Hang-Sik Shin. Operating Characteristics of Aerated Submerged Biofilm Reactors for Drinking Water Treatment. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1997, 36(12):101~109
35 Christan H.M?bius. Wastewater biofilters used for advanced treatment of papermill effluent. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1999, 40(11~12):101~108
36 郭天鹏等. UBAF与纤维球过滤结合工艺应用于污水回用的试验研究. 环境工程. 2002, 20(1):14~17
37 丛广治等. 生物膜过滤技术处理污水厂二级出水. 中国给水排水. 2002, 18(12):48~50
38 王凯军, 贾立敏. 城市污水生物处理新技术开发与应用. 化学工业出版社, 2001
39 T.D.Kent, C.S.B.Fitzpatrick and S.C.Williams. Testing of Biological Aerated Filter Media. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1996, 34(3~4):363~370
40 Rebecca Moore, Joanne Quarmby, Tom Stephenson. The Effects of Media Size on the Performance of Biological Aerated Filters. Wat. Res. 2001,35(10):2514~2522
41 Allant Mann, Leopoldo Mendoza-Espinosa, Tom Stephenson. Performance of Floating and Sunken Media Biological Aerated Filters under Unsteady State Conditions. Wat. Res. 1999, 33(4):1108~1113
42 王占生. 微污染水源饮用水处理. 中国建工出版社, 1999
43 邹伟国等. 新型BIOSMEDI滤池的开发研究. 中国给水排水. 2001, 17(1):1~4
44 田文华等. 沸石滤料曝气生物滤池去除COD和氨氮. 中国给水排水. 2002, 18(12):13~15
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50 F. Fdz-Polanco, E. Méndez, M. A. Urue?a, S. Villaverde and P. A. García. Spatial Distribution of Heterotrophs and Nitrifiers in a Submerged Biofilter for Nitrification. Wat. Res. 2000, 34(16):4081~4089
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2 Asano, Takashi, Levine, Audrey D. Wastewater Reclamation, Recycling and Reuse: Past, Present, and Future. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1995, 33(10~11):1~14
3 周彤. 污水回用决策与技术. 化学工业出版社, 2002
4 张杰等. 城市污水深度处理与水资源可持利用. 中国给水排水. 2001, 17(3): 20~21
5 柯崇宜等. 青岛海泊河污水处理厂污水回用工程. 中国给水排水. 1999, 15(8):35~36
6 江雄志等. 石家庄市污水回用现状及发展构想. 中国给水排水. 2001, 17(9):62~64
7 肖锦. 城市污水处理及回用技术. 化学工业出版社, 2002
8 张智等. 城市污水回用技术. 重庆建筑大学学报. 2000, 22(4):103~107
9 邓风. 城市污水深度处理工艺及回用途径. 节能. 2002, (4): 41~42
10 邹利安等. 二级城市污水处理厂出水直接过滤回用的研究与实践. 给水排水. 1997, 23(8):21~24
11 张智等. 复合生物滤池深度处理城市污水研究. 中国给水排水. 2000, 16(1): 5~8
12 马志毅. 城市污水回用概述. 给水排水. 1997, 23(12):61~63
13 齐兵强等. 曝气生物滤池在污水处理中的应用. 给水排水. 2000, 26(10):4~8
14 聂军等. 第三代生物膜反应器BIOFOR. 给水排水. 1997, 23(8):21~24
15 张忠波等. 新型曝气生物滤池—BIOSTYR.给水排水. 2000, 26(6)
16 J.P.Canler and J.M.Perret. Biological Aerated Filters: Assessment of the Process Based on 12 Sewage Treatment Plant. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1994, 29(10~11):13~22
17 赵清等. 污水回用中COD和氨氮去除方法探讨. 石油化工环境保护. 2001, (3):1~5
18 S.Adachi, Y.Fuchu. Reclamation and Reuse of Wastewater by Biological Aerated Filter Process. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1991, 24(9):195~204
19 S. Kuribayashi. Experimental Studies on Advanced Treatment of Wastewater for Amenity Use. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1992, 26(9~11):2401~2404
20 胡玉民. 天津市纪庄子污水处理厂二级出水深度处理——好氧生物陶粒滤池过滤的研究. 天津大学硕士论文. 1990
21 齐兵强等. 生物过滤氧化反应器处理生活污水中试研究. 给水排水. 2001, 27(3):42~45
22 李汝琪等. 曝气生物滤池处理生活污水试验. 环境科学. 1999, 20(5):69~71
23 李亚新等. 生物曝气滤池处理生活污水工艺特性研究. 给水排水. 2001, 27(9):31~33
24 郑俊等. 上流式曝气生物滤池处理生活污水. 中国给水排水. 2001, 17(1):51~53
25 P.W.Westerman, J.R.Bicudo, A.Kantardjieff. Upflow Biological Aerated Filters for the Treatment of Flushed Swine Manure. Bioresource Technology. 2000, (74):181~190
26 李汝琪等. 曝气生物滤池处理啤酒废水研究. 环境科学. 1999, 20(4):83~85
27 Won-Seok Chang, Seok-Won Hong and Joonkyu Park. Effect of Zeolite Media for the Treatment of Textile Wastewater in a Biological Aerated filter. Process Biochemistry. 2002, 37(7): 693~698
28 K.R.Gimore, K.J.Husovitz, T.Holst, N.G.Love. Influence of Organic and Ammonia Loading on Nitrifier Activity and Nitrification Performance for a Two-stage Biological Aerated Filter System. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1999, 39(7):227~234
29 邱立平等. 二段曝气生物滤池处理生活污水的试验研究. 环境工程. 2001, 19(2):22~24
30 雷国元等. 二级曝气生物滤池处理城市污水的研究. 武汉科技大学学报. 2000, 23(4):373~375
31 P.Chudoba, R.Pujol. A Three-stage Biofiltration Process: Performances of a Pilot Plant. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1998, 38(8~9):257~265
32 A.T.Mann and T.Stephenson. Modelling Biological Aerated Filters for Wastewater Treatment. Wat. Res. 1997, 31(10):2443~2448
33 李汝琪等. 曝气生物滤池去除污染物的机理研究.环境科学. 1999, 20(6):49~52
34 Kyeong-Ho Lim and Hang-Sik Shin. Operating Characteristics of Aerated Submerged Biofilm Reactors for Drinking Water Treatment. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1997, 36(12):101~109
35 Christan H.M?bius. Wastewater biofilters used for advanced treatment of papermill effluent. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1999, 40(11~12):101~108
36 郭天鹏等. UBAF与纤维球过滤结合工艺应用于污水回用的试验研究. 环境工程. 2002, 20(1):14~17
37 丛广治等. 生物膜过滤技术处理污水厂二级出水. 中国给水排水. 2002, 18(12):48~50
38 王凯军, 贾立敏. 城市污水生物处理新技术开发与应用. 化学工业出版社, 2001
39 T.D.Kent, C.S.B.Fitzpatrick and S.C.Williams. Testing of Biological Aerated Filter Media. Wat. Sci. Tech. 1996, 34(3~4):363~370
40 Rebecca Moore, Joanne Quarmby, Tom Stephenson. The Effects of Media Size on the Performance of Biological Aerated Filters. Wat. Res. 2001,35(10):2514~2522
41 Allant Mann, Leopoldo Mendoza-Espinosa, Tom Stephenson. Performance of Floating and Sunken Media Biological Aerated Filters under Unsteady State Conditions. Wat. Res. 1999, 33(4):1108~1113
42 王占生. 微污染水源饮用水处理. 中国建工出版社, 1999
43 邹伟国等. 新型BIOSMEDI滤池的开发研究. 中国给水排水. 2001, 17(1):1~4
44 田文华等. 沸石滤料曝气生物滤池去除COD和氨氮. 中国给水排水. 2002, 18(12):13~15
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