小型反射/折反射式望远镜的研究
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摘要
非球面比球面在提高系统成像质量和简化系统结构等方面有着无比的优越性,在国防、空间科学及一些工业、民用领域中有着广泛的应用,如军事侦察、空间遥感观测、天文望远镜等。小型反射/折反射系统作为现代光学界及业余天文爱好者经常用到的一种光学系统,得到了迅速的发展。
本文首先介绍反射/折反射式望远镜研究的意义和发展状况。
第二章介绍两镜系统设计理论,并在此基础上分别分析和讨论了R-C系统、马克苏托夫-卡塞格林系统、施密特-卡塞格林系统、克雷索夫-卡塞格林系统、泛-卡塞格林系统的结构特点和设计方法。
第三章根据应用指标要求,分别计算得到R-C系统、马克苏托夫-卡塞格林系统、施密特-卡塞格林系统、克雷索夫-卡塞格林系统、泛-卡塞格林系统的初始结构参数,并给出了优化设计方法、设计结果和像质评价。
第四章针对F/3的凹双曲面镜的检验,根据球心前透镜补偿法、Offner补偿法及反射镜补偿法分别设计了三种不同的补偿器,给出了其相应的初始结构计算过程和像质评价结果,并分别对其进行公差分析。
第五章采用一种新的应力变形法,对泛-卡塞格林系统中四次非球面校正板进行了加工和检验,并给出了泛-卡塞格林系统的检验结果。
第六章总结本论文的工作,概述本论文的创新点和存在的不足之处,并对今后的研究提出展望。
Due to the tremendous advantage of improving image quality and simplifying the optical system structure, aspheric surfaces are widely used in national defense, space science, industrial and civil fields, such as military reconnaissance, space remote sensing observations, astronomical telescopes, and so on. The small-sized reflecting and catadioptric systems which developped rapidly are widely used by modern optical profession and amateur astronomers.
The significance and the current state of the the reflecting/catadioptric telescope systems are introduced firstly.
In the second chapter, the design theory of the two-mirror system is introduced. The structural features and design method of R-C system, Maksutov-Cassegrain system, Schmidt-Cassegrain system, Klevtsov-Cassegrain system and Pan-Cassegrain system are analyzed and discussed respectively.
In the third chapter, according to required performance, the initial structural parameters of R-C system, Maksutov-Cassegrain system, Schmidt-Cassegrain system, Klevtsov-Cassegrain system and Pan-Cassegrain system are calculated respectively. the optimized method, the designed optical systems and their imaging quality evaluation are given.
In the fourth chapter, for the testing of a F/3 hyperbolic mirror, three different compensators are designed. They are lens before spherical center compensator, offner compensator and reflective mirror compensator. The process of initial parameters calculation, the imaging quality evaluation and the tolerance of each compensator are given in detail.
In the fifth chapter, the aspheric surface of the plate with 4th order term in Pan-Cassegrain system is manufactured and tested using a new stressed mirror polishing method. And the test results of Pan-Cassegrain system are given.
In the last chapter, the research contents of this thesis were summarized. And the innovations and the significance of this thesis were summarized. Further research on this thesis was prospected.
本文首先介绍反射/折反射式望远镜研究的意义和发展状况。
第二章介绍两镜系统设计理论,并在此基础上分别分析和讨论了R-C系统、马克苏托夫-卡塞格林系统、施密特-卡塞格林系统、克雷索夫-卡塞格林系统、泛-卡塞格林系统的结构特点和设计方法。
第三章根据应用指标要求,分别计算得到R-C系统、马克苏托夫-卡塞格林系统、施密特-卡塞格林系统、克雷索夫-卡塞格林系统、泛-卡塞格林系统的初始结构参数,并给出了优化设计方法、设计结果和像质评价。
第四章针对F/3的凹双曲面镜的检验,根据球心前透镜补偿法、Offner补偿法及反射镜补偿法分别设计了三种不同的补偿器,给出了其相应的初始结构计算过程和像质评价结果,并分别对其进行公差分析。
第五章采用一种新的应力变形法,对泛-卡塞格林系统中四次非球面校正板进行了加工和检验,并给出了泛-卡塞格林系统的检验结果。
第六章总结本论文的工作,概述本论文的创新点和存在的不足之处,并对今后的研究提出展望。
Due to the tremendous advantage of improving image quality and simplifying the optical system structure, aspheric surfaces are widely used in national defense, space science, industrial and civil fields, such as military reconnaissance, space remote sensing observations, astronomical telescopes, and so on. The small-sized reflecting and catadioptric systems which developped rapidly are widely used by modern optical profession and amateur astronomers.
The significance and the current state of the the reflecting/catadioptric telescope systems are introduced firstly.
In the second chapter, the design theory of the two-mirror system is introduced. The structural features and design method of R-C system, Maksutov-Cassegrain system, Schmidt-Cassegrain system, Klevtsov-Cassegrain system and Pan-Cassegrain system are analyzed and discussed respectively.
In the third chapter, according to required performance, the initial structural parameters of R-C system, Maksutov-Cassegrain system, Schmidt-Cassegrain system, Klevtsov-Cassegrain system and Pan-Cassegrain system are calculated respectively. the optimized method, the designed optical systems and their imaging quality evaluation are given.
In the fourth chapter, for the testing of a F/3 hyperbolic mirror, three different compensators are designed. They are lens before spherical center compensator, offner compensator and reflective mirror compensator. The process of initial parameters calculation, the imaging quality evaluation and the tolerance of each compensator are given in detail.
In the fifth chapter, the aspheric surface of the plate with 4th order term in Pan-Cassegrain system is manufactured and tested using a new stressed mirror polishing method. And the test results of Pan-Cassegrain system are given.
In the last chapter, the research contents of this thesis were summarized. And the innovations and the significance of this thesis were summarized. Further research on this thesis was prospected.
引文
[1] Liu Huilan, Hao Qun, Zhu Qiudong, Sha Dingguo, Zhang Chunxi. A novel aspheric surface testing method using part-compensating lens[J]. Proc.of SPIE,Vol. 5638, 2005.
[2]张忠玉,余景池.用补偿器测量非球面的研究[J].光学精密工程,1999, Vol.7, No.1.
[3]张以谟.应用光学[M].电子工业出版社,2008.8.
[4]徐红,李树春.天文望远镜史话[J].现代物理知识, 2005,第17卷,第5期.
[5] Joseph M.Geary. Lens Design[M]. Willmann-Bell,Inc,2002.
[6]潘君骅.光学非球面的设计、加工与检验[M].苏州大学出版社,2004.
[7] Roger Hayward. Optical System For Cameras[P]. US2403660, 1945.5.29.
[8] Schmidt-Cassegrain telescopes. [EB/OL]. http://www.elestron.com/Schmidt.htm.
[9] Maksutov D D. New catadioptric meniscus systems[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 1944, Vol.34, No.5.
[10]苏定强.马克苏托夫望远镜的设计和制造[J].南京大学学报, 1958,第2期, P91-100.
[11]苏定强.马克苏托夫望远镜的一种设计方法[J].天文学报,1962,Vol.10, No.1.
[12] Klevtsov Y A. Telescope of novel design[J]. Zemlya Vselen, 1991, (5):92-96.
[13] Klevtsov Y A. New optical systems for small-size telescopes [J]. [EB/OL]. http://www.telescopes.ru/articles/articlel.html.
[14] Warren J.Smith. Modern Optical Engineering: The Design of Optical Systems[M]. McGraw-Hill Companies, 2000.
[15]潘君骅.一个新的泛卡塞格林望远镜系统[J].光学精密工程, 2003.10, Vol.11, No.5.
[16]潘君骅.关于大望远镜卡焦R-C系统视场改正镜设计的研究[J].光学精密工程, 2002.06, Vol.10, No.3.
[17]伍凡.非球面零检验的Offner补偿器设计[J].应用光学,1993,Vol.14, No.3.
[18] Shen Guiping. Design of compensator for large relative aperture aspherical surface[J]. Proc.SPIE, 2007, Vol.6723.
[19] Robert E Fischer. Optical System Design[M]. McGraw-Hill Companies, 2000.
[20]舒朝濂,田爱玲,杭凌侠,郭忠达.现代光学制造技术[M].国防工业出版社, 2008.8.
[21]徐德衍,王青,高志山,陈磊,何勇,朱日宏.现行光学元件检测与国际标准[M].科学出版社, 2009.7.
[22]苏大图,赵立平,沙定国,林家明,朱秋东.光学测试技术[M].北京理工大学出版社, 1996.9.
[2]张忠玉,余景池.用补偿器测量非球面的研究[J].光学精密工程,1999, Vol.7, No.1.
[3]张以谟.应用光学[M].电子工业出版社,2008.8.
[4]徐红,李树春.天文望远镜史话[J].现代物理知识, 2005,第17卷,第5期.
[5] Joseph M.Geary. Lens Design[M]. Willmann-Bell,Inc,2002.
[6]潘君骅.光学非球面的设计、加工与检验[M].苏州大学出版社,2004.
[7] Roger Hayward. Optical System For Cameras[P]. US2403660, 1945.5.29.
[8] Schmidt-Cassegrain telescopes. [EB/OL]. http://www.elestron.com/Schmidt.htm.
[9] Maksutov D D. New catadioptric meniscus systems[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 1944, Vol.34, No.5.
[10]苏定强.马克苏托夫望远镜的设计和制造[J].南京大学学报, 1958,第2期, P91-100.
[11]苏定强.马克苏托夫望远镜的一种设计方法[J].天文学报,1962,Vol.10, No.1.
[12] Klevtsov Y A. Telescope of novel design[J]. Zemlya Vselen, 1991, (5):92-96.
[13] Klevtsov Y A. New optical systems for small-size telescopes [J]. [EB/OL]. http://www.telescopes.ru/articles/articlel.html.
[14] Warren J.Smith. Modern Optical Engineering: The Design of Optical Systems[M]. McGraw-Hill Companies, 2000.
[15]潘君骅.一个新的泛卡塞格林望远镜系统[J].光学精密工程, 2003.10, Vol.11, No.5.
[16]潘君骅.关于大望远镜卡焦R-C系统视场改正镜设计的研究[J].光学精密工程, 2002.06, Vol.10, No.3.
[17]伍凡.非球面零检验的Offner补偿器设计[J].应用光学,1993,Vol.14, No.3.
[18] Shen Guiping. Design of compensator for large relative aperture aspherical surface[J]. Proc.SPIE, 2007, Vol.6723.
[19] Robert E Fischer. Optical System Design[M]. McGraw-Hill Companies, 2000.
[20]舒朝濂,田爱玲,杭凌侠,郭忠达.现代光学制造技术[M].国防工业出版社, 2008.8.
[21]徐德衍,王青,高志山,陈磊,何勇,朱日宏.现行光学元件检测与国际标准[M].科学出版社, 2009.7.
[22]苏大图,赵立平,沙定国,林家明,朱秋东.光学测试技术[M].北京理工大学出版社, 1996.9.