混合动力电动汽车的系统设计与仿真
摘要
本文介绍了混合动力电动汽车的性能要求以及系统结构，分析了电动汽车专用分析软件Advisor的原理及使用方法。重点研究了丰田公司的Prius混合动力电动汽车的驱动结构及其控制策略，在其基础上提出一种新型多模式混合动力电动汽车的系统模型，采用行星轮系和四组齿轮副作为传动机构，可进行连续传动，以简单的结构实现了六种工作模式。本文还对该系统建立了相应的控制策略，根据具体情况选择最合适的工作模式，并优化与发动机相关工作模式的性能，提高整车运行的燃油效率，减少尾气排放。在Matlab／Simulink环境中完成了这种新型混合动力电动汽车的传动系统和控制系统的建模，并在Advisor平台上，对其进行了系统仿真，将结果与Prius的结果进行对比分析。试验表明，这种新设计对Prius有所改进，是一种可行的HEV设计方案。
The performance request and systematic structure of Hybrid Electric Vehicle are introduced in this paper. The working basis and application of HEV specialized software Advisor are described in addition. A novel multi_mode HEV s systematic model is then presented basing on the research of Toyota' s Prius HEV, which focuses on its drive system' s structure and control strategy. The hybrid configuration proposed in the paper features a planetary gear train for an electric CVT mode in addition to lay-shaft gears for multiple speed ratios and realizes six operation modes in a simple structure. The vehicle control strategy is established to choose the most appropriate operation mode and optimize the overall vehicle operation involving the engine in terms of fuel economy and emission levels. The transmission and control system models are then established on the Matlab/Simulink platform and the overall system is simulated and analyzed in Advisor. The novel design shows improvement over Prius and is validated as a viable HEV design.
The performance request and systematic structure of Hybrid Electric Vehicle are introduced in this paper. The working basis and application of HEV specialized software Advisor are described in addition. A novel multi_mode HEV s systematic model is then presented basing on the research of Toyota' s Prius HEV, which focuses on its drive system' s structure and control strategy. The hybrid configuration proposed in the paper features a planetary gear train for an electric CVT mode in addition to lay-shaft gears for multiple speed ratios and realizes six operation modes in a simple structure. The vehicle control strategy is established to choose the most appropriate operation mode and optimize the overall vehicle operation involving the engine in terms of fuel economy and emission levels. The transmission and control system models are then established on the Matlab/Simulink platform and the overall system is simulated and analyzed in Advisor. The novel design shows improvement over Prius and is validated as a viable HEV design.
引文
[1] 陈清泉，孙逢春，祝嘉光；现代电动汽车技术；北京：北京理工大学出版社；2002年．
[2] 胡骅，宋慧；电动汽车；北京：人民交通出版社；2003年．
[3] 鲁民巧；汽车构造；北京：机械工业出版社；2003年．
[4] 刘衡章；实用现代汽车电气、电子技术；北京：电子工业出版社；1999年．
[5] 何渝生：汽车电子技术及控制系统；北京：国防工业出版社；1997年．
[6] 安子军：机械原理教程；北京：机械工业出版社；2003年．
[7] 李钟明，刘卫国；稀土永磁电机；北京：国防工业出版社；1999年．
[8] 薛定宇，陈阳泉：基于Matlab／Simulink的系统仿真与应用；北京：清华大学出版社；2002年．
[9] 孙鹤岩，迟岩；电力电子系统计算机仿真和辅助分析；哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社；1994年．
[10] 陈坚林：实用汽车英语；上海：上海外语教育出版社；1998年．
[11] Aaron Brooker, Kristina Haralson, Terry Hendricks; Advisor Documentation; http://www. ctts. nrel. gov/analysis/advisor doc; April, 2002.
[12] T. Markel, A. Brooker, T. Hendricks; ADVISOR: A Systems Analysis Tool for Advanced Vehicle Modeling; Journal of Power Sources; pp. 255-266, August, 2002.
[13] Ryan Fellini, Nestor Michelena, Panos Papalambros; Optimal Design of Automotive Hybrid Powertrain Systems; Proceedings of the EcoDesign'99: 1st International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, Tokyo, Japan; 1999.
[14] Kenneth J. Kelly; Test Results and Modeling of the Honda Insight and Toyota Prius; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; September, 2001.
[15] Tony Markel, Keith Wipkel Optimization Techniques for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Analysis Using ADVISOR; Proceedings of IMECE: International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, New York; pp. 11-16, November, 2001.
[16] Toyota Motor Corporation, Public Affairs Division; Toyota Hybrid System; http:/www. worldenergy. org/wec-geis/global/downloads/NZConf/10c. pdf; May, 2003.
[17] Xiaoling He, Jeffrey W. Hodgson; Modeling and Simulation for Hybrid Electric Vehicles--Part Ⅰ: Modeling; IEEE transactions on Intelligent Transportation systems; pp. 235-243, vol. 3, no. 4, December, 2002.
[18] Xiaoling He, Jeffrey W. Hodgson; Modeling and Simulation for Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Part Ⅱ: Simulation; IEEE transactions on Intelligent Transportation systems; pp. 244-251, vol. 3, no. 4, December, 2002.
[19] Kalan B.A., Lovatt H.C., Brothers M.; System Design and Development of Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2002; pp. 768-772, vol. 2, June, 2002.
[20] Schultz G., Tsai L.W., Higuchi N.; Development of a Novel Parallel Hybrid Transmission; Transmission and Driveline Systems Symposium, SAE 2001 Congress, Detroit, MI; no. SAE 2001-01-0875, 2001.
[21] Tsai L.W., Schultz G., Higuchi N.; A Novel Parallel Hybrid Transmission; ASME Journal of Mechanical Design; pp. 161-168, vol. 123, no. 2, 2000.
[22] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局：GB／T18488．1-2001 电动汽车用电机及其控制器技术条件；北京：中国标准出版社；2001年．
[23] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局：GB／T18386-2001 电动汽车能量消耗率和续驶里程 试验方法；北京：中国标准出版社；2001年．
[24] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局；GB／T18385-2001 电动汽车动力性能 试验方法；北京：中国标准出版社；2001年．
[25] 徐宏佳；电动汽车混合动力系统的技术分析；机电工程技术；pp．45-48，vol．20，no．6，2001．
[26] 刘皓春，全书海；电动汽车驱动控制系统研究；汽车电器；pp．4-6，no．2，1999．
[2] 胡骅，宋慧；电动汽车；北京：人民交通出版社；2003年．
[3] 鲁民巧；汽车构造；北京：机械工业出版社；2003年．
[4] 刘衡章；实用现代汽车电气、电子技术；北京：电子工业出版社；1999年．
[5] 何渝生：汽车电子技术及控制系统；北京：国防工业出版社；1997年．
[6] 安子军：机械原理教程；北京：机械工业出版社；2003年．
[7] 李钟明，刘卫国；稀土永磁电机；北京：国防工业出版社；1999年．
[8] 薛定宇，陈阳泉：基于Matlab／Simulink的系统仿真与应用；北京：清华大学出版社；2002年．
[9] 孙鹤岩，迟岩；电力电子系统计算机仿真和辅助分析；哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社；1994年．
[10] 陈坚林：实用汽车英语；上海：上海外语教育出版社；1998年．
[11] Aaron Brooker, Kristina Haralson, Terry Hendricks; Advisor Documentation; http://www. ctts. nrel. gov/analysis/advisor doc; April, 2002.
[12] T. Markel, A. Brooker, T. Hendricks; ADVISOR: A Systems Analysis Tool for Advanced Vehicle Modeling; Journal of Power Sources; pp. 255-266, August, 2002.
[13] Ryan Fellini, Nestor Michelena, Panos Papalambros; Optimal Design of Automotive Hybrid Powertrain Systems; Proceedings of the EcoDesign'99: 1st International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, Tokyo, Japan; 1999.
[14] Kenneth J. Kelly; Test Results and Modeling of the Honda Insight and Toyota Prius; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; September, 2001.
[15] Tony Markel, Keith Wipkel Optimization Techniques for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Analysis Using ADVISOR; Proceedings of IMECE: International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, New York; pp. 11-16, November, 2001.
[16] Toyota Motor Corporation, Public Affairs Division; Toyota Hybrid System; http:/www. worldenergy. org/wec-geis/global/downloads/NZConf/10c. pdf; May, 2003.
[17] Xiaoling He, Jeffrey W. Hodgson; Modeling and Simulation for Hybrid Electric Vehicles--Part Ⅰ: Modeling; IEEE transactions on Intelligent Transportation systems; pp. 235-243, vol. 3, no. 4, December, 2002.
[18] Xiaoling He, Jeffrey W. Hodgson; Modeling and Simulation for Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Part Ⅱ: Simulation; IEEE transactions on Intelligent Transportation systems; pp. 244-251, vol. 3, no. 4, December, 2002.
[19] Kalan B.A., Lovatt H.C., Brothers M.; System Design and Development of Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2002; pp. 768-772, vol. 2, June, 2002.
[20] Schultz G., Tsai L.W., Higuchi N.; Development of a Novel Parallel Hybrid Transmission; Transmission and Driveline Systems Symposium, SAE 2001 Congress, Detroit, MI; no. SAE 2001-01-0875, 2001.
[21] Tsai L.W., Schultz G., Higuchi N.; A Novel Parallel Hybrid Transmission; ASME Journal of Mechanical Design; pp. 161-168, vol. 123, no. 2, 2000.
[22] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局：GB／T18488．1-2001 电动汽车用电机及其控制器技术条件；北京：中国标准出版社；2001年．
[23] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局：GB／T18386-2001 电动汽车能量消耗率和续驶里程 试验方法；北京：中国标准出版社；2001年．
[24] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局；GB／T18385-2001 电动汽车动力性能 试验方法；北京：中国标准出版社；2001年．
[25] 徐宏佳；电动汽车混合动力系统的技术分析；机电工程技术；pp．45-48，vol．20，no．6，2001．
[26] 刘皓春，全书海；电动汽车驱动控制系统研究；汽车电器；pp．4-6，no．2，1999．