跨国公司对中国区域二元经济下产业结构调整的影响
|
摘要
改革开放三十多年来，中国经济持续增长，GDP年均增长9.9%，成为世界第二号经济大国。中国经济的这种巨大发展在大多数年份是由东部沿海地区贡献的。东部地区利用自身靠近海岸线等比较优势大力吸引跨国公司来华投资发展加工贸易，利用比较低级的生产要素积极参与全球产品内分工，从事劳动密集型的低端生产、制造、加工、装配、组装环节，由此带来了我国外商直接投资(FDI)和出口贸易的“爆炸式”成长及经济增长的奇迹。
经济快速增长的同时，中国的劳动力市场出现了“用工荒”、工资上涨等问题。2002年福建、广东等沿海地区的“民工荒”打破了劳动力无限供给的神话，2005年季节性劳动力短缺进一步蔓延到内陆劳动力输出省份。中国的劳动力市场正经历“刘易斯转折点”。同时，东部沿海地区的土地等其它要素的成本也逐渐提高。东部地区发展劳动密集型产业的比较优势正逐渐丧失。这种以低级要素参与全球价值链，以出口导向型的模式发展经济是不可持续的。中国经济增长方式需要转型，产业结构需要调整。
同时，我们也应该注意到东部地区介入全球价值链的低端环节压制中西部地区发展空间的经济现象。东部地区凭借低级要素参与到全球价值链处在低端环节，造成中西部自然资源和大量的劳动力持续地往东部转移，使中西部地区沦为东部低端要素的供应地，造成中西部和东部之间经济发展的巨大差距。
本文正是在这样的背景下以分割生产理论和边际产业扩张理论为基础来研究跨国公司对中国区域二元经济下产业结构调整的影响，试图为中国借助跨国公司进行产业结构调整提出可供借鉴的政策建议。关于东部地区产业结构调整问题，本文的研究采用理论模型和经验研究相结合、静态分析和比较静态分析相结合的方法，在一个统一的分析框架下，分析了东道国跨国公司如何攀升全球价值链的机制，并运用现实数据进行了经验分析。关于中西部地区产业结构调整的研究，本文主要采用理论分析和经验研究相结合，分析了跨国公司借助产业转移促进中西部的产业结构调整问题。最后，结合东部和中西部地区的实际情况，本文尝试性地提出东部、中西部及中国整体产业结构调整的路径选择。
在理论部分，我们首先分析了不同类型的跨国公司和与之对应的产业结构调整方式，混合型跨国公司与分割生产方式对应，出口平台型跨国公司与产业转移对应。然后，我们在异质性贸易理论的基础上构建了非对称国家模型，并将不完全契约理论纳入模型中研究了混合型跨国公司影响东道国产业结构调整的机制；对于中西部的出口平台型直接投资，我们主要研究了边际产业扩张理论在一国内部的适用性问题。其中，混合型跨国公司主要通过沿着产业链攀升来促进产业结构调整；而边际产业扩张理论的应用条件关键在于两地是否存在比较优势。
在理论模型的基础上，我们分别对跨国公司对中国产业结构调整的影响、跨国公司影响东部产业结构调整的因素、影响东部跨国公司和内资企业向内陆产业转移的因素进行了实证检验。然后，我们利用现实数据对跨国公司服务东部、中西部的方式进行了实证检验，并结合经济发展现状提出了两地区进行产业结构调整的路径选择。最后，我们对跨国公司服务中国整体市场的方式进行了实证检验，并结合东部和中西部的路径选择提出了中国整体产业结构调整的路径选择。
本文理论部分的结论主要有：在完全契约下，需求的增加会使跨国公司将更多的生产环节安置在母国生产；相反，在不完全契约下，东道国需求的增加会促使跨国公司将更多的生产环节分配在东道国生产；贸易成本增加或者母国工资水平提高时，跨国公司为了节约成本会将更多的生产环节分配到东道国；边际产业扩张理论的基础——比较优势——在大国内部同样存在，但是该理论在一国内部的两地区之间与两国之间应用时存在着不同之处，主要体现在要素的流动性程度和流动性对要素价格的影响。此外，我们还发现跨国公司服务发展中国家市场时，依照其生产率从高到低，会分别选择水平型直接投资、混合型直接投资和出口贸易方式。运输成本、两国相对工人工资水平和市场规模与混合型直接投资量成反比；发展中国家工厂水平固定成本与混合型直接投资成正比。
本文实证部分的结论主要有：美国跨国公司服务中国东部地区市场以混合型直接投资为主，服务中西部地区以出口平台直接投资为主；不完全契约下，市场需求越大、运输成本越大、工资越低，跨国公司在东部地区生产的环节越多；跨国公司的进入显著促进了中国产业结构调整；人力资本水平越高、资本密度越高和研发投入量越大越有利于产业结构调整；工资水平越高越不利于产业结构调整。东部地区：存在争辩能力时，市场规模会促进该地区产业结构调整；跨国公司所属国的资本密度越高，跨国公司越倾向将更多的生产环节分配在东部地区。中西部地区：基础设施越健全、市场规模越大，跨国公司或内资企业越倾向进行产业转移；工资水平越高，越不利于跨国公司或内资企业进行产业转移；国家西部大开发战略和中部崛起战略显著促进了跨国公司或内资企业的产业转移。
China's economy has grown increasingly faster since the1978introduction of economic reforms. The official statistics show that real gross domestic product (GDP) from1979to2010was growing at an average annual rate of9.9percent, making China one the world's fastest growing economies, the world's second-largest economy. In fact, the east of China, in large part, contributes the China's great economy growth. The east attracts multinational companies to invest in processing trade, and attend the global value chain by the way of OEM, using the low level of factors. Hence, China's firms produce low value-added goods belonging to labour intensive industry using the cheap factors. Those contribute to the fast growth of FDI and Export, and the miracle of economic growth.
Labor shortage and rising wage appear with economic growth in China's labor market. In2002, rural labor shortages made the myth of unlimited labor supply disappear in the coastal areas. In2005, seasonal labor shortage reached the provinces supplying the labor. Lewis turning point is coming in china's labor market. Meanwhile, the cost of land in east coastal areas is rising gradually. The comparative advantages in labor-intensive industry are gradually disappearing. This pattern of attending the global value chain using the low level of factor, and export-oriented way are unsustainable. The growth of China's economy needs to be changed; industry structure also needs to be changed.
At the mean time, we noticed the economy phenomenon of the east attending the low level of global value chain compresses the development space of the Midwest. The east is committed in the low level of global value chain. This leads to cheap labor and natural resource in the middle and west flowing to the east. Hence, the Midwest is reduced to one side of supplying low level of factors and the separated area. These result in the development disparity between the East and the Midwest.
Based on new-new theory and theory of marginal industry expansion, this paper studies the influence of multinational firms on the industry adjustment of the East and the Midwest, and provides some advice about how to adjust industry structure. As to the industry structure adjustment of the East, the paper studies the multinational firms'mechanism of how to climb the global value chain, and does empirical studies using related data. As to the industry structure adjustment of the Midwest, the paper studies the influence of multinational industry transfer on the industry structure adjustment of the Midwest. At last, this paper makes a suggestion about the path of industry structure adjustment in the East and the Midwest.
Firstly, we establish a mixed direct investment model and a export-platform model to analysis the pattern of multinational firms in China. The two-country model about heterogeneity always consists of two symmetrical developed countries. This paper sets up an asymmetrical countries'model to study the best choice of multinational firms and the influence of factors on the firms'choices, based on the factor-proportions theory and heterogeneous trade theory. We establish a model consisting of a two symmetrical countries and a developing country to study the export-platform direct investment. In the model the difference between the developed country and the developing country appears in the cost of factors and market demand. Then, as to the East, we study the endogenous segmentation and the factors influencing the determination of segmentation. The change of points of segmentation means that the position of firms in the East attending the global value chain will change. As to the Midwest, we analyze the difference of marginal industry expansion theory between the two countries and the two regions. The main differences belong to fluidness of factors and the influence of fluidness on the cost of factors.
Based on the theory model, we do empirical studies to analysis the pattern of multinational firms in China, the East and the Midwest. Then, we analysis the influence of multinational firms on industry structure adjustment and the factors of the Midwest accepting the industry transfer from the East. At last, we give some advice about the way of industry structure adjustment.
The main academic conclusions are firms with highest levels of productivity will choose horizontal foreign direct investment; firms with higher levels of productivity will choose mixed foreign direct investment; firms with lower levels of productivity will choose export trade. Transport cost, comparative wage and market scale tend to vary inversely with the amount of mixed foreign direct investment; the fixed cost of developing factories is directly proportional to mixed foreign direct investment. Under the complete contract, rising demand of host country will make multinational firms produce more segmentation products in the home country. Under the incomplete contract, rising demand of host country, rising trade cost and wage in home country will make multinational firms produce more segmentation products in the home country.
The foundation of marginal industry expansion theory, comparative advantage, also exists in two regions belonging to one big country, but there are differences between two regions and two countries, degree of factor fluency and the influence of the fluency on factor price.
The conclusions in empirical parts are that mixed direct investment dominates the East market of China; export-platform direct investment dominates the Midwest market of China. Under the incomplete contact, the more market demand is, the more transport cost and the lower wage are, the more segmentation stages will be produced in the East of China; the higher the degree of market is, the greater the industry transfer of multinational firms from the East to the Midwest is; the better infrastructure is, the lower the wage is, the greater the industry transfer of multinational firms.
经济快速增长的同时，中国的劳动力市场出现了“用工荒”、工资上涨等问题。2002年福建、广东等沿海地区的“民工荒”打破了劳动力无限供给的神话，2005年季节性劳动力短缺进一步蔓延到内陆劳动力输出省份。中国的劳动力市场正经历“刘易斯转折点”。同时，东部沿海地区的土地等其它要素的成本也逐渐提高。东部地区发展劳动密集型产业的比较优势正逐渐丧失。这种以低级要素参与全球价值链，以出口导向型的模式发展经济是不可持续的。中国经济增长方式需要转型，产业结构需要调整。
同时，我们也应该注意到东部地区介入全球价值链的低端环节压制中西部地区发展空间的经济现象。东部地区凭借低级要素参与到全球价值链处在低端环节，造成中西部自然资源和大量的劳动力持续地往东部转移，使中西部地区沦为东部低端要素的供应地，造成中西部和东部之间经济发展的巨大差距。
本文正是在这样的背景下以分割生产理论和边际产业扩张理论为基础来研究跨国公司对中国区域二元经济下产业结构调整的影响，试图为中国借助跨国公司进行产业结构调整提出可供借鉴的政策建议。关于东部地区产业结构调整问题，本文的研究采用理论模型和经验研究相结合、静态分析和比较静态分析相结合的方法，在一个统一的分析框架下，分析了东道国跨国公司如何攀升全球价值链的机制，并运用现实数据进行了经验分析。关于中西部地区产业结构调整的研究，本文主要采用理论分析和经验研究相结合，分析了跨国公司借助产业转移促进中西部的产业结构调整问题。最后，结合东部和中西部地区的实际情况，本文尝试性地提出东部、中西部及中国整体产业结构调整的路径选择。
在理论部分，我们首先分析了不同类型的跨国公司和与之对应的产业结构调整方式，混合型跨国公司与分割生产方式对应，出口平台型跨国公司与产业转移对应。然后，我们在异质性贸易理论的基础上构建了非对称国家模型，并将不完全契约理论纳入模型中研究了混合型跨国公司影响东道国产业结构调整的机制；对于中西部的出口平台型直接投资，我们主要研究了边际产业扩张理论在一国内部的适用性问题。其中，混合型跨国公司主要通过沿着产业链攀升来促进产业结构调整；而边际产业扩张理论的应用条件关键在于两地是否存在比较优势。
在理论模型的基础上，我们分别对跨国公司对中国产业结构调整的影响、跨国公司影响东部产业结构调整的因素、影响东部跨国公司和内资企业向内陆产业转移的因素进行了实证检验。然后，我们利用现实数据对跨国公司服务东部、中西部的方式进行了实证检验，并结合经济发展现状提出了两地区进行产业结构调整的路径选择。最后，我们对跨国公司服务中国整体市场的方式进行了实证检验，并结合东部和中西部的路径选择提出了中国整体产业结构调整的路径选择。
本文理论部分的结论主要有：在完全契约下，需求的增加会使跨国公司将更多的生产环节安置在母国生产；相反，在不完全契约下，东道国需求的增加会促使跨国公司将更多的生产环节分配在东道国生产；贸易成本增加或者母国工资水平提高时，跨国公司为了节约成本会将更多的生产环节分配到东道国；边际产业扩张理论的基础——比较优势——在大国内部同样存在，但是该理论在一国内部的两地区之间与两国之间应用时存在着不同之处，主要体现在要素的流动性程度和流动性对要素价格的影响。此外，我们还发现跨国公司服务发展中国家市场时，依照其生产率从高到低，会分别选择水平型直接投资、混合型直接投资和出口贸易方式。运输成本、两国相对工人工资水平和市场规模与混合型直接投资量成反比；发展中国家工厂水平固定成本与混合型直接投资成正比。
本文实证部分的结论主要有：美国跨国公司服务中国东部地区市场以混合型直接投资为主，服务中西部地区以出口平台直接投资为主；不完全契约下，市场需求越大、运输成本越大、工资越低，跨国公司在东部地区生产的环节越多；跨国公司的进入显著促进了中国产业结构调整；人力资本水平越高、资本密度越高和研发投入量越大越有利于产业结构调整；工资水平越高越不利于产业结构调整。东部地区：存在争辩能力时，市场规模会促进该地区产业结构调整；跨国公司所属国的资本密度越高，跨国公司越倾向将更多的生产环节分配在东部地区。中西部地区：基础设施越健全、市场规模越大，跨国公司或内资企业越倾向进行产业转移；工资水平越高，越不利于跨国公司或内资企业进行产业转移；国家西部大开发战略和中部崛起战略显著促进了跨国公司或内资企业的产业转移。
China's economy has grown increasingly faster since the1978introduction of economic reforms. The official statistics show that real gross domestic product (GDP) from1979to2010was growing at an average annual rate of9.9percent, making China one the world's fastest growing economies, the world's second-largest economy. In fact, the east of China, in large part, contributes the China's great economy growth. The east attracts multinational companies to invest in processing trade, and attend the global value chain by the way of OEM, using the low level of factors. Hence, China's firms produce low value-added goods belonging to labour intensive industry using the cheap factors. Those contribute to the fast growth of FDI and Export, and the miracle of economic growth.
Labor shortage and rising wage appear with economic growth in China's labor market. In2002, rural labor shortages made the myth of unlimited labor supply disappear in the coastal areas. In2005, seasonal labor shortage reached the provinces supplying the labor. Lewis turning point is coming in china's labor market. Meanwhile, the cost of land in east coastal areas is rising gradually. The comparative advantages in labor-intensive industry are gradually disappearing. This pattern of attending the global value chain using the low level of factor, and export-oriented way are unsustainable. The growth of China's economy needs to be changed; industry structure also needs to be changed.
At the mean time, we noticed the economy phenomenon of the east attending the low level of global value chain compresses the development space of the Midwest. The east is committed in the low level of global value chain. This leads to cheap labor and natural resource in the middle and west flowing to the east. Hence, the Midwest is reduced to one side of supplying low level of factors and the separated area. These result in the development disparity between the East and the Midwest.
Based on new-new theory and theory of marginal industry expansion, this paper studies the influence of multinational firms on the industry adjustment of the East and the Midwest, and provides some advice about how to adjust industry structure. As to the industry structure adjustment of the East, the paper studies the multinational firms'mechanism of how to climb the global value chain, and does empirical studies using related data. As to the industry structure adjustment of the Midwest, the paper studies the influence of multinational industry transfer on the industry structure adjustment of the Midwest. At last, this paper makes a suggestion about the path of industry structure adjustment in the East and the Midwest.
Firstly, we establish a mixed direct investment model and a export-platform model to analysis the pattern of multinational firms in China. The two-country model about heterogeneity always consists of two symmetrical developed countries. This paper sets up an asymmetrical countries'model to study the best choice of multinational firms and the influence of factors on the firms'choices, based on the factor-proportions theory and heterogeneous trade theory. We establish a model consisting of a two symmetrical countries and a developing country to study the export-platform direct investment. In the model the difference between the developed country and the developing country appears in the cost of factors and market demand. Then, as to the East, we study the endogenous segmentation and the factors influencing the determination of segmentation. The change of points of segmentation means that the position of firms in the East attending the global value chain will change. As to the Midwest, we analyze the difference of marginal industry expansion theory between the two countries and the two regions. The main differences belong to fluidness of factors and the influence of fluidness on the cost of factors.
Based on the theory model, we do empirical studies to analysis the pattern of multinational firms in China, the East and the Midwest. Then, we analysis the influence of multinational firms on industry structure adjustment and the factors of the Midwest accepting the industry transfer from the East. At last, we give some advice about the way of industry structure adjustment.
The main academic conclusions are firms with highest levels of productivity will choose horizontal foreign direct investment; firms with higher levels of productivity will choose mixed foreign direct investment; firms with lower levels of productivity will choose export trade. Transport cost, comparative wage and market scale tend to vary inversely with the amount of mixed foreign direct investment; the fixed cost of developing factories is directly proportional to mixed foreign direct investment. Under the complete contract, rising demand of host country will make multinational firms produce more segmentation products in the home country. Under the incomplete contract, rising demand of host country, rising trade cost and wage in home country will make multinational firms produce more segmentation products in the home country.
The foundation of marginal industry expansion theory, comparative advantage, also exists in two regions belonging to one big country, but there are differences between two regions and two countries, degree of factor fluency and the influence of the fluency on factor price.
The conclusions in empirical parts are that mixed direct investment dominates the East market of China; export-platform direct investment dominates the Midwest market of China. Under the incomplete contact, the more market demand is, the more transport cost and the lower wage are, the more segmentation stages will be produced in the East of China; the higher the degree of market is, the greater the industry transfer of multinational firms from the East to the Midwest is; the better infrastructure is, the lower the wage is, the greater the industry transfer of multinational firms.
引文
1联合国跨国公司中心：《再论世界发展中的跨国公司》，商务印书馆1982年版，第218页。
[1]Akamatsu, K.,1937,"Synthetic Dialectics of Industrial Development of Japan," Journal of Nagoya Commercial High School, Vol.15(1), pp.21-33.
[2]Alam, I. M. S, and R.M. Andrew,2000,"Trade Reform Dynamics and Technical Efficiency: The Peruvian Experience," World Bank Economic Review,2000, Vol.14(2).
[3]Ali, S., and W. Guo,2005,"Determinants of FDI in China," Journal of Global Business and Technology, Vol.1(2), pp.21-33.
[4]Altomonte, C., and L. Resmini,2001,"Multinational Corporations as Catalyst for Industrial Development:The Case of Poland," Working Paper, No.368.
[5]Amiti, M., and J. W. Shang,2005,"Fear of Service Outsourcing:Is It Justified?"Economic Policy, Vol.20(42), pp.308-347.
[6]Amsden, A. H., and W. W. Chu,2003,"Beyond Late Development:Taiwan's Upgrating Policies," US:Library of Congress Cataloging-in-publication Data.
[7]Anderson, J. E.,1979,"A Theoretical Foundation for the Gravity Equation," American Economic Review, Vol.69(1), pp.106-116.
[8]Anderson, E., and E. Van Wincoop,2003,"Gravity with Gravitasa Solution to the Border Puzzle," American Economic Review, Vol.93, pp.170-192.
[9]Andres, Rodriguez-Clare,1996."The division of labor and economic development," Journal of Development Economics, vol.49(1), pages3-32.
[10]Axtell, R.,2001,"Zipf distribution of U.S. Firm Sizes," Science, Vol.293(5536), pp.1818-1820.
[11]Baltagi, B. H., Egger, P., and M. Pfaffermayr,2007,"Estimating Models of Complex FDI: Are There Third-Country Effects?" Journal of Econometrics,2007, Vol.140(1), pp.260-281.
[12]Barham, N., S. Dorry, and E.W. Schamp.2007."Relational Governance and Regional Upgrading in Global Value Chains—The case of Package Tourism in Jordan." Die Erde, Vol.138(2):169-186.
[13]Berkowitz, D., Moenius, J., and K. Pistor,2006,"Trade Law and Product Complexity," The Review of Ecnomics and Statistics, Vol.88(2), pp.363-373.
[14]Bernard, A. B., Redding, S. J., and P. K. Schott,2007,"Comparative Advantage and Heterogeneous Firms," Review of Economic Studies, Vol.74(1), pp.31-66.
[15]Bitzer, J., and M. Kerekes,2008,"Does Foreign Direct Investment Transfer Technology Across Borders?" New evidence, Economics Letters,(100), PP.355-358.
[16]Blomstrom, M., and A. Kokko,1997,"Regional Integration and Foreign Direct Investment,' NBER Working Paper No.6019, pp.2-36.
[17]Blomstrom, M. and H. Pearson (1983)."Foreign Investment and Spillover Efficiency in an Underdeveloped Economy:Evidence from the Mexican Manufacturing Industry", World Development11(6):493-501.
[18]Blonigen, B. A., Davies, R. B., Waddell, G. R. and H. T. Naughton,2007,"FDI in Space: Spatial Autoregressive Relationships in Foreign Direct Investment," European Economic Review, Vol.51(5), pp.1303-1325.
[19]Bolton, P., and M. Dewatripont,2005,"Contract Theory.US:Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.
[20]Brainard, S.,1993,"A Simple Theory of Multinational Corporations and Trade with a Trade-off between Proximity and Concentration," NBER Working Paper, No.4269.
[21]Brainard, S. L.,1997,"An Empirical Assessment of the Proximity-Concentration Trade-off between Multinational Sales and Trade," American Economic Review, Vol.87(4), pp.20-44.
[22]Carpenter Theresa,2005."Multinational, intra-firm trade and FDI:s simple model." HEI working paper No:1/2005, Graduate Institute of International Studies Geneva.
[23]Carr, D. L., J. R. Markusen, and K. E. Maskus,2001,"Estimating the Knowledge-Capital Model of the Multinational Enterprise," American Economic Review, Vol.91(3), pp.693-708.
[24]Caves, R.(1974)."Multinational Firms, Competition and Productivity in Host-Country Markets", Economica41(162):176-93.
[25]Chad Shirley and Clifford Winston,2004,"Firm Inventory Behavior and the Returns from Highway Infrastructure Investments," Journal of Ecnomics, Vol.55(2), pp.398-415.
[26]Cohen, W. M., and D. A. levinthal,1989,"Innovation and learning:the two faces of R&D,' The Economic Journal, Vol.99(397), pp.569-596.
[27]Dean, J. M., Lovely, M. E., and J. Mora.,2009,"Decomposing China-Japan-U.S. Trade: Vertical Specialization, Ownership, and Organizational Form," Journal of Asian Economics, Vol.20(6), pp.596-610.
[28]Dees, S.,(1998)."Foreign direct investment in China:Determinants and Effects", Economics of Planning,31:175-194.
[29]Dornbusch, R., Fischer, S., and P. A. Samuelson,1977,"Comparative Advantage, Trade, and Payments in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods," The American Economic Review. Vol.76(5), pp.823-839.
[30]Du, J., Lu, Y., and Z. G. Tao,2011,"Institutions and FDI Location Choice:The Role of Cultural Distances," Journal of Asian Economics, pp.1-14.
[31]Ekholm, K., Forslid, R.,and J. Markusen,2007,"Export-Platform Foreign Direct Investment," Journal of the European Economic Association, Vol.5(4), pp.776-795.
[32]Eva Kippenberg,2005,"Sectoral linkages of foreign direct investment firms to the Czech economy", Research in International Business and Finance, Vol.19(2), pp.251-265.
[33]Feenstra, R., and H. Ma,2007,"Optimal Choice of Product Scope for Multiproduct Firms under Monopolistic Competition," The National Bureau of Economic Research, Vol.137(3), pp.13-22.
[34]Fei, J. C. H., G. Ranis,1964,"Capital-Labor Ratios in Theory and in History:Reply," The American Economic Review, Vol.54(6), pp.1063-1069.
[35]Feinberg, S., and M. Keane,2006,"Accounting for the Growth of MNC-Based Trade Using a Structural Model of U.S. MNCs," American Economic Review, Vol.96(5), pp.1515-1558.
[36]Gereffi, G.,1999,"International Trade and Industrial Upgrading in the Apparel Commodity Chain," Journal of International Economics, Vol.48(1), pp.1-198.
[37]Gereffi, G., and M. Christian,2009,"The Impacts of Wal-Mart:The Rise and Consequences of the World's Dominant Retailer," Annual Review of Sociology, Vol.35, pp.537-591.
[38]Gereffi, G., and E. Evgeniev,2008,"Textile and Apparel Firms in Turkey and Bulgaria: Exports, Local Upgrading and Dependency," Economic Studies, Vol.9(3), pp.148-179.
[39]Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J., and T. Sturgeon,2005,"The Governance of Global Value Chains,' Review of International Political Economy, Vol.12(1), pp.78-104.
[40]Gereffi, G., and T. J. Sturgeon,2004,"Globalization, Employment, and Economic Development:A Briefing Paper," MIT IPC Working Paper, IPC-04-007.
[41]Gereffi, G., and T. Tam,1998,"Industrial uparading through organizational chains: Dynamics of rent, learning, and mobility in the global economy," The93rd Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, CA, August21-25.
[42]Giuliani, E.,2005,"The Structure of Cluster Knowledge Networks:Uneven and Selective, not Pervasive and Collective," DRUID Working Paper2005-11.
[43]Globerman, S.1979,"Foreing Direct Investment and Spillover Efficiency Benefits in Canadian Manufacturing Industries", Canadian Journal of Economics12(1):42-56.
[44]Gorg, H., and D. Greenaway,2004,"Do Domestic Firms Really Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment?" Economics World Bank Research Observer, Vol.19(2), pp.171-197.
[45]Gorg H, and L. Jabbour,2009,"Multinational Enterprises and Foreign Direct Investment: Introduction," The World Economy, Vol.32(1), pp.1-5.
[46]Greaney, T. M., and Y. Li.,2009,"Assessing Foreign Direct Investment Relationships between China, Japan and the United States," Journal of Asian Economics, Vol.20(6), pp.611-625.
[47]Greenaway D., and R. Kneller,2007,"Firm Heterogeneity, Exporting and Foreign Direct Investment," Economic Journal, Vol.117(517), pp.134-161.
[48]Grossman, S., and O. Hart,1986,"The Costs and Benefits of Ownership:A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration," Journal of Political Economy, Vol.94(4), pp.691-719.
[49]Grossman, G. M., and E. Helpman,2002,"Integration versus Outsourcing in Industry Equilibrium," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.117(1), pp.85-120.
[50]Grossman, G. M., Helpman, E., and A. Szeidl,2006,"Optimal integration strategies for the multinational firm," Journal of International Economics,(70), pp.216-238.
[51]Hanson, G., Mataloni, R., and M. Slaughter,2001,"Expansion Strategies of U.S. Multinational Firms," NBER working paper, No.8433.
[52]Hanson G., Mataloni R., and M. Slaughter,2005,"Vertical Production Networks in Multinational Firms," Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.87(4), pp.664-678.
[53]Harris, C.,1954,"The Market as a Factor in the Localization of Industry in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers," Vol.44(4), pp.315-348.
[54]Hart,O., and J. Moore,1990,"Property rights and nature of the firm. Journal of political economy,"98(6):1119-1158.
[55]Hausmann, R., Hwang, J., and D. Rodrik,2007,"What You Export Matters," Journal of Economic Growth,12(1), pp.1-25.
[56]Head, K., and J. Ries,2003,"Heterogeneity and the FDI versus Export Decision Of Japanese Manufacturers," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Vol.17(4), pp.448-467.
[57]Head, K., and T. Mayer,2004,"Market Potential and the Location of Japanese Investment in the European Union," The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.86(4), pp.959-972.
[58]Heinrich, J., and D. E., Konan,2000,"Foreign Direct Investmet and Host-Country Trading Blocs," Journal of Economic Integration, Vol.15(4), pp.565-584.
[59]Helpman, E.,1984,"A Simple Theory of International Trade with Multinational Corporations," Journal of Political Economy, Vol.92(3), pp.451-471.
[60]Helpman, E.,2006,"Trade, FDI, and the Organization of Firms," Journal of Economic Literature, Vol.44(3), pp.589-630.
[61]Helpman, E, Melitz, M., and S. Yeaple,2004,"Export versus FDI with Heterogeneous Firms," American Economic Review, Vol.94(1), pp.300-316.
[62]Helpman, E., and P. R., Krugman,1985,"Market Structure and Foreign Trade," MIT Press, Camvridge, MA.
[63]Henley, J., Kirkpatrick, C., and G. Wilde,1999,"Foreign Direct Investment in China:Recent Trends and Current Policy Issues," World Economy, Vol.22(2), pp.223-243.
[64]Hirschman, A. O., and G. Sirkin,1958,"Investment Criteria and Capital Intensity Once Again," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.72(3), pp.469-471.
[65]Hsiao, F. S. T., and W. H. Mei-Chu,2004,"The Chaotic Attractor of Foreign Direct Investment—Why China? A Panel Data Analysis," Journal of Asian Economics, Vol.15(4), pp.641.
[66]Hulten C. R., and R. M. Schwab,1991,"Public Capital Formation and the Growth of Regional Manufacturing Industries," National Tax Journal, Vol.44(4), pp.121-134.
[67]Hulten, C. R., and R. M. Schwab,2000,"Does Infrastructure Investment Increase the Productivity of Manufacturing Industry in the US?" Econometrics and the Cost of Capital, MIT Press.
[68]Hulten, C. R., Bennathan, E., and S. Srinivasan,2006,"Infrastructure, Externalities, and Economic Development," World Bank Economic Review, Vol.20(2), pp.291-308.
[69]Hummels, D., Ishii, J., and K. M. Yi,2001,"The nature and growth of vertical specialization in world trade", Journal of International Economics,54, pp.75-96.
[70]Hunya, Gabor,2002."Restructuring through FDI in Romanian manufacturing", Economic Systems, Vol.26(4), pp.387-394
[71]Hopenhayn, H.,1992,"Entry, Exit, and Firm Dynamics in Long Run Equilibrium,' Econometrica, Vol.60(5), pp.1127-1150.
[72]Inklaar, R., Timmer, M. P., Van, B. A., Carlin, W., and J. Temple,2008,"Market Services Productivity across Europe and the US," Economic Policy, Vol.23(53), pp.139-194.
[73]Kleinert, J., and F. Toubal,2010,"Gravity for FDI," Review of International Economics, Vol.18(1), pp.1-13.
[74]Kojima, K.,2000,"The Flying Geese Model of Asian Economic Development, Origin, Theoretical Extensionsand and Regional Policy Implications," Journal of Asian Economics, Vol.1(11), pp.375-401.
[75]Kokko, A.,1994,"Sweden:Effects of EU Membership on Investment and Growth," The World Economy, Vol.17(5), pp.667-677.
[76]Krugman, P. R.,1979,"Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and International Trade," Journal of International Economics, Vol.9(4), pp.469-479.
[77]Krugman, P. R.,1980,"Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade,' American Economic Review, Vol.70(5), pp.950-959.
[78]Lai M., Peng S., and Q. Bao,2006,"Technology spillovers, absorptive capacity and economic growth," China Economic Review,17pp.300-320.
[79]Lall, S.,2000,"Fulfilling the Export Potential of Small and Medium Firms (Book Review),' Small Business Economics, Vol.14(4), pp.323-325.
[80]Lall, S.,2006,"Some Insights to Reinvent Industrial Strategy in Developing Countries,' International Journal of Technology Management, Vol.36(1), pp.16-20.
[81]Lardy, N. R.,1995,"The Role of Foreign Trade and Investment in China's Economic Transformation," China Quarterly, Vol.144, pp.1065-1082.
[82]Lewis, W. A.,1955,"Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labor,' Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies,23(May), pp.139-91.
[83]Lucas, R.,1988,"On the Mechanics of Economic Development," Journal of Monetary Economics,(22), pp.3-42.
[84]Luis A. Rivera-Batiz, Paul M. Romer,1990,"Economic Integration and Endogenous Growth," NBER Working Paper, No.3528.
[85]Lall, S.,2005,"FDI AGOA and Manufactured Exports by a Landlocked, Least Developed African Economy:Lesotho," Journal of Development Studies.41(6), pp.998-1022.
[86]Lall, S.,2006,"The sophistication of exports:A new trade measure,"World Development.34(2), pp.222-237.
[87]MacDougall, G. D. A."The benefits and costs of private investment from abroad:A Theoretical approach." Economic Record,1960, vol.36, pp.13-35.
[88]Markusen J. R.,1984,"Multinationals, multi-plant economies, and the gains from trade,"Journal of International Economics, Vol.16(3-4), pp.205-226.
[89]Markusen, J. R.,1995,"The Boundaries of Multinational Enterprises and the Theory of International Trade," Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.9(2), pp.169-189.
[90]Markusen J. R., Venables A. J.,1998,"Multinational firms and the new trade theory," Journal of International Economics, Vol.46(2), pp.183-203.
[91]Markusen, J. R., and A. J. Venables,1999,"Foreign Direct Investment as a Catalyst for Industrial Development," European Economic Review,(33), pp.53-56.
[92]Markuse, J. R., and A. Venables,2000,"The theory of endowment, intra-industry anf multi-national trade," Journal of International Economics, Vol.52(2), pp.209-234.
[93]Markusen, J. R., and E. Keith,2002,"Discriminating Among Alternative Theories of the Multinational Enterprise," Review of International Economics, Vol.10(4), pp.694-707.
[94]Markusen, J. R.,1997,"Trade Versus Investment Liberalization," NBER Working Paper, No.6231,1997:1-22.
[95]Moore, J.H.,"A Measure of Structural Change in Output", Review of Income and Wealth, vol.24, no.1,pp:105-118,1978.
[96]Mao, Y., and J.C. Wang,2007,"The Strategic Decisions and Success Factors of the Global Integration-Local Responsiveness Of Japanese MNCs In China," Frontiers of Business Research in China, Vol.1(1), pp.67-90.
[97]Mayer, T.,2009,"Market Potential and Development," CEPR working paper, No.6798.
[98]Melitz, M. J.,2003,"The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity," Economitrica, Vol.71(6), pp.1695-1725.
[99]Meier, G.,1989, Leading Issue in Economic Development. Oxford:Oxford University Press.
[100]Moreno, D., and J. Wooders,2002,"Prices, Delay, and the Dynamics of Trade," Journal of Economic Theory,104, pp.304-339.
[101]Neilson, J., and B. Pritchard,2009,"Value Chain Struggles:Institutions and Governance in the Plantation Districts of South India," US:Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.
[102]Nishimizu, M., and C. R. Hulten,1978,"The Sources of Japanese Economic Growth:1955-71," The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.60(3), pp.351-361.
[103]Nelson, R. R., and E. S. Phelps,1966,"Investment in humans, technological diffusion, and economic growth," The American Economic Review, Vol.56(1-2), pp.69-75.
[104]North, D.,1990, Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[105]Pietrobelli, C., and R. Rabellotti,2007,"Business Development Service Centres in Italy: Close to Firms, Far from Innovation," World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, Vol.4(1), pp:38-55.
[106]Redding, S., and A. J. Venables,2004,"Economic geography and international inequality," Journal of International Economics, Vol.62(1), pp.53-82.
[107]Rodrik, D.,2006,"What's So Special about China's Exports?" China and World Economy, Vol.14(5), pp.1-19.
[108]Rosenstein-Rodan, P. N.,1943,"Problems of Industrialisation of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe," The Economic Journal, Vol.53(210/211), pp.202-211.
[109]Rugman, A. M.,1988,"A Canadian perspective on U.S. administered protection and the free trade agreement", Management International Review. Vol.30(3), pp.253-266.
[110]Savona, M., and R. Schiattarella.,2004,"International Relocation of Production and the Growth of Services:The Case of the"Made in Italy" Industries," Transnational Corporations, Vol.13(2), pp.57-76.
[111]Schmitz, H.,2004,"Local Upgrading in Global Chains:Recent Findings," Paper to be presented at the DRUID Summer Conference.
[112]Schmookler, J.,1962,"Economic Sources of Inventive Activity," The Journal of Economic History, Vol.22, pp.1-20.
[113]Schmitz, H.,"Local Upgrading in Global Chains:Recent Findings", Paper to be presented at the DRUID Summer Conference, http://www.druid.dk/uploads/tx_picturedb/ds2004-1422.pdf.
[114]Sjoholm, F.,1999,"Technology gap, competition and spillovers from direct foreign investment:Evidence from establishment data," The Journal of Development Studies, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol.36(1),53-73.
[115]Sturgeon, T., Van Biesebroeck, J., and G. Gereffi,2008,"Value chains, networks and clusters:reframing the global automotive industry," Journal of Economic Geography,8(3), pp.297-322.
[116]Sturgeon, T. J.,and M. Kawakami,2011,"Global Value Chains in the Electronics Industry:Characteristics, Crisis, and Upgrading Opportunities for Firms from Developing Countries," International Journal of Technological, Vol.4(1-3), pp.120-147.
[117]Taggart, J. H.,1997,"An Evaluation of the Integration-Responsiveness Framework: MNC Manufacturing Subsidiaries in the UK," Management International Review, Vol.37(4), pp.295-318.
[118]UNCTAD,2010, World Investment Report:Investing in a low-carbon economy.
[119]UNCTAD,1993, World Investment Report:Transnational Corporations and Integrated International Production.
[120]Vernon, R.,1966,"International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.80(2), pp.190-207.
[121]Vind, I., and Ni. Fold,2007,"Multi-level Modularity vs. Hierarchy:Global Production Networks in Singapore's Electronics Industry," Danish Journal of Geography, Vol.107(1), pp.69-83.
[122]Williamson, O.,1985,"The Economic Institution of Capitalism," New York:Free Press.
[123]Xu, B.,2007,"Measuring China's Export Sophistication," Working Paper, China Europe International Business School.
[124]Yeaple, S. R.,2003,"The Complex Integration Strategies of Multinationals and Cross Country Dependencies in the Structure of Foreign Direct Investment," Journal of International Economics,60(2), pp.293-314.
[125]Yeaple, S. R.,2005,"A Simple Models of Firm Heterogeneity, International Trade and Wages," Journal of International Economics, Vol.65(1), pp.1-20.
[126]Yeaple, S. R.,2009,"Firm heterogeneity and the structure of U.S. multinational activity," Journal of International Economics,78, pp.206-215.
[127]Yi, K. M.,2003,"Can vertical specialization explain the growth of world trade?" Journal of political Economy,111(1),52-102.
[128]Ying W.,1999,"More on monetary policy in a small open economy A credit view,' International Review of Economics and Finance,8, pp.223-235.
[129]Young, A., and A. C.1928,"Increasing Returns and Economic Progress," Economic Journal, Vol.38(152), pp.527-542.
[130]Young, A.,1995,"The Tyranny of Numbers:Confronting the Statistical Realities of The East Asian Growth Experience," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.110(3), pp.641-680.
[131]Zhang, K. H.,2001,"What Attracts Foreign Multinational Corporations to China?" Contemporary Economic Policy,19(3), pp.336-346.
[132]Zhang, K. H.,2005,"Why Does So Much FDI from Hong Kong and Taiwan Go to Mainland China?" China Economic Review, Vol.16(3), pp.293-307.
[133]Zhang, K. H., and J. R. Markusen.,1999,"Vertical Multinationals and Host-country Characteristics," Journal of Development Economics, Vol.59(2), pp.233-252.
[134]Zhou D., Li S., Tse DK.2002."The impact of FDI on the productivity of domestic firms: The case of China," International Business Review, Vol.11(4):465-484.
[135]蔡昉.2010.刘易斯转折点与公共政策方向的转变.中国社会科学,6：125-233.
[136]蔡昉.2010.人口转变、人口红利与刘易斯转折点.经济研究,4：4-13.
[137]蔡昉,王德文,曲玥.2009.中国产业升级的大国雁阵模型分析.经济研究,9：4-14.
[138]曹均伟.2002.利用外资与产业结构的阶段性转换.上海财经大学学报,3：32-40.
[139]陈刚,张解放.2001.区际产业转移的效应分析及相应政策建议.华东经济管理,15(2)：24-26.
[140]陈恒,王蕾.2008.小岛清的边际产业扩张论评介.商业经济,12：32-54.
[141]陈亚雯.2002.经济全球化与跨国公司发展新战略.经济问题探索,2：82-84.
[142]戴翔.2012.中国服务贸易出口技术复杂度变迁及国际比较.中国软科学,2：52-59.
[143]高国伟.2010.跨国公司生产率差异和国际直接投资战略选择.南方经济,3：21-33.
[144]高国伟.2009.异质性与混合型国际直接投资.南开经济研究,6：76-87.
[145]高帆.2005.论二元经济结构的转化趋向.经济研究,9：91-102.
[146]高越.2009.FDI在中国的区位分布及地区之间的联系.改革与战略,25(194)：94-97.
[147]高越,李荣林.2008.异质性、分割生产与国际贸易.经济学季刊,1：159-178.
[148]关志雄.2002.中国工业应警惕“丰收贫困”陷阱.中国经济快讯,36-24-25.
[149]郭树清,樊纲.2006.中国经济的内外平衡：一种三管齐下的战略.国际经济评论,4：26-28.
[150]黄蔚.2005.美国对华直接投资发展的实证研究及趋势分析.国际贸易问题,12：98-103.
[151]贾文彬,乌云其其格.2010.西部地区承接产业转移的动因分析.经济研究导刊,23：62-73.
[152]简新华，叶林．2011．改革开放前后中国经济发展方式的转变和优化趋势．经济学家，1：5-14．
[153]蒋殿春，张庆昌．2011．美国在华投资的引力模型分析．世界经济，5：26-41．
[154]李涵，黎志刚．2009．交通基础设施投资对企业库存的影响——基于我国制造业企业面板数据的实证研究．管理世界(月刊)，8：73-80．
[155]李荣融．2006．股权激励要与改革相结合．中国经济周刊，32：13-13．
[156]李月．2008．台湾大陆投资的新特点及对台湾经济的影响．当代经济研究，8：47-50．
[157]刘强，范爱军．2011．国际技术扩散测度国外研究综述．国际贸易问题，8：41-47．
[158]刘强，范爱军．2011．中国巨额国货复进口成因探析．亚太经济，3：126-130．
[159]刘生龙，胡鞍钢．2011．交通基础设施与中国区域经济一体化．经济研究，3：72-82．
[160]刘志彪．2011．重构国家价值链：转变中国制造业发展方式的思考．世界经济与政治论坛，4：1-14．
[161]刘志彪，张杰．2007．全球代工体系下发展中国家俘获型网络的形成、突破与对策——基于GVC与NVC的比较视角．中国工业经济，5：39-47．
[162]刘志彪，张少军．2008．中国地区差距及纠偏：全球价值链和国内价值链视角．学术月刊，5：49-55．
[163]刘志伟，高利，陈刚．2006．中国的对外直接投资对其国际收支影响的实证研究．国际贸易问题，12：83-87．
[164]马库森著，强永昌，陆雪莲，杨泓艳译．2005．跨国公司与国际贸易理论．上海：上海财经大学出版社．
[165]聂爱云，陆长平．2012．制度约束、外商投资与产业结构升级调整．国际贸易问题，2：136-145．
[166]聂聆．2008．近年美国对华直接投资减少的原因分析．对外经贸实务，1：79-82．
[167]潘悦．2002．在全球化产业链条中加速升级换代．中国工业经济，6:27-36．
[168]平新乔．2007．FDI在中国的分布、市场份额与享受的税收优惠．经济社会体制比较（双月刊），4：18-27．
[169]盛丹，王永进．2010．内资企业准入管制、融资依赖与FDI流入——基于分地区分行业的实证研究．财经研究，36(7)：49-59．
[170]石奇．2004．基于产权分析的中国企业转型研究．经济科学，6：80-86．
[171]宋泓，柴榆．2002．以劳动力寻找型为主——我国外国直接投资的性质分析．国际贸易，10：48-53．
[172]苏振东，侯铁珊．2005．基于改进D-S模型的产业间贸易、垂直投资一体化模型研究．当代经济科学，27(6)：103-108．
[173]苏振东，侯铁珊，逯宇铎．2005．基于改进H-O模型的贸易投资一体化模型研究．数量经济技术经济研究，5：89-100．
[174]孙少勤，邱斌，潘凌燕．2008．跨国公司对外直接投资的工资效应：一个文献综述．世界经济与政治论坛，6：29-34．
[175]孙少勤，邱斌．2011．全球生产网络条件下FDI的技术溢出渠道研究．南开经济研究，4：50-66．
[176]谭介辉．1998．论面向21世纪的中国对外直接投资战略．上海综合经济，3：38-40．
[177]唐海燕，张会清．2009．产品内国际分工与发展中国家的价值链提升．经济研究，9：81-93．
[178]唐宜红，林发勤．2009．异质性企业贸易模型对中国企业出口的适用性检验．南开经济研究，6：88-99．
[179]王小鲁，樊纲，刘鹏．2009．中国经济增长方式转变和增长可持续性．经济研究，1：4-16．
[180]王岳平．1999．我国外商直接投资的两种市场导向类型分析．国际贸易问题，2：1-7．
[181]魏后凯．2003．加入WTO后中国外商投资区位变化及中西部地区吸引外资前景．管理世界(月刊)，7：67-75．
[182]魏后凯，贺灿飞，王新．2001．外商在华直接投资动机与区位因素分析——对秦皇岛市外商直接投资的实证研究．经济研究，2：67-76．
[183]伍德里奇．2003．计量经济学导论：现代观点．北京：中国人民大学出版社.
[184]吴新博．2008．我国二元经济结构的特征、测度及对策．华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)，47(6)：64-68．
[185]冼国明，刘翼．2001．跨国公司与经济全球化．南开经济研究，4：11-16．
[186]小岛清．1977．对外直接投资论．日本：日本砖石出版社．
[187]小岛清．1978．对外直接投资：跨国经营的日本模式．纽约：普雷格出版公司．
[188]谢斌．2011．重庆外商直接投资分析．国际贸易，11：23-25．
[189]许晖，张军．2007．加拿大企业进入中国市场的战略模式选择——基于FSAs和CSAs的动态交互研究．国际经济探索，27(8)：40-44．
[190]胥留德．2010．后发地区承接产业转移对环境影响的几种类型及其防范．经济问题探索，6：36-39．
[191]徐康宁，王剑．2002．美国对华直接投资决定性因素分析(1983—2000)．中国社会科学，5：66-77．
[192]薛漫天，赵曙东．2007．外商直接投资：垂直型还是水平型．经济研究，12：93-105．
[193]杨丹辉．2011．全球竞争格局变化与中国产业转型升级．国际贸易，11：12-18．
[194]姚志毅，张亚斌．2011．全球生产网络下对产业结构升级的测度．南开经济研究，6：5-65．
[195]易行健，李良生．2007．市场是否可以换来技术进步？——自广东省工业部门面板数据的实证分析．南方经济，7：71-82．
[196]余慧倩，周毓萍．2004．影响跨国公司在武汉直接投资因素实证研究．华中科技大学学报（社会科学版），2：59-61．
[197]赵君丽，吴建环．2008．新新贸易理论评述．经济学动态，6：96-101．
[198]张波．2008．美国对华直接投资与贸易增长变化分析．国际经贸探索，6：25-28．
[199]张公嵬，梁绮．2010．中国内外资企业TFP增长及其影响因素的对比研究——基于35个工业行业面板数据的实证分析．中大管理研究，2：1-25．
[200]张鲁青，桑百川．2009．我国东部、中西部及周边国家FDI区位优势比较．国际经济合作，12：38-47．
[201]张庆昌，蒋殿春．2011．异质性与跨国公司的战略选择．当代经济科学，5：1-7．
[202]张其仔．2011．产业蓝皮书中国产业竞争力报告．社会科学文献出版社，2012．
[203]张湘赣．2011．产业结构调整：中国经验与国际比较．中国工业经济，1:38-46．
[204]郑礼明，张燕林．2010．异质性企业贸易理论研究综述．改革与战略，3：179-182．
[205]周启良，庄宗明．2011．FDI与中国产业结构优化文献综述．云南财经大学学报，3：11-15．
[206]庄宗明，马明申．2007．美国对华直接投资的发展及其影响因素分析．世界经济，6：19-26．
[1]Akamatsu, K.,1937,"Synthetic Dialectics of Industrial Development of Japan," Journal of Nagoya Commercial High School, Vol.15(1), pp.21-33.
[2]Alam, I. M. S, and R.M. Andrew,2000,"Trade Reform Dynamics and Technical Efficiency: The Peruvian Experience," World Bank Economic Review,2000, Vol.14(2).
[3]Ali, S., and W. Guo,2005,"Determinants of FDI in China," Journal of Global Business and Technology, Vol.1(2), pp.21-33.
[4]Altomonte, C., and L. Resmini,2001,"Multinational Corporations as Catalyst for Industrial Development:The Case of Poland," Working Paper, No.368.
[5]Amiti, M., and J. W. Shang,2005,"Fear of Service Outsourcing:Is It Justified?"Economic Policy, Vol.20(42), pp.308-347.
[6]Amsden, A. H., and W. W. Chu,2003,"Beyond Late Development:Taiwan's Upgrating Policies," US:Library of Congress Cataloging-in-publication Data.
[7]Anderson, J. E.,1979,"A Theoretical Foundation for the Gravity Equation," American Economic Review, Vol.69(1), pp.106-116.
[8]Anderson, E., and E. Van Wincoop,2003,"Gravity with Gravitasa Solution to the Border Puzzle," American Economic Review, Vol.93, pp.170-192.
[9]Andres, Rodriguez-Clare,1996."The division of labor and economic development," Journal of Development Economics, vol.49(1), pages3-32.
[10]Axtell, R.,2001,"Zipf distribution of U.S. Firm Sizes," Science, Vol.293(5536), pp.1818-1820.
[11]Baltagi, B. H., Egger, P., and M. Pfaffermayr,2007,"Estimating Models of Complex FDI: Are There Third-Country Effects?" Journal of Econometrics,2007, Vol.140(1), pp.260-281.
[12]Barham, N., S. Dorry, and E.W. Schamp.2007."Relational Governance and Regional Upgrading in Global Value Chains—The case of Package Tourism in Jordan." Die Erde, Vol.138(2):169-186.
[13]Berkowitz, D., Moenius, J., and K. Pistor,2006,"Trade Law and Product Complexity," The Review of Ecnomics and Statistics, Vol.88(2), pp.363-373.
[14]Bernard, A. B., Redding, S. J., and P. K. Schott,2007,"Comparative Advantage and Heterogeneous Firms," Review of Economic Studies, Vol.74(1), pp.31-66.
[15]Bitzer, J., and M. Kerekes,2008,"Does Foreign Direct Investment Transfer Technology Across Borders?" New evidence, Economics Letters,(100), PP.355-358.
[16]Blomstrom, M., and A. Kokko,1997,"Regional Integration and Foreign Direct Investment,' NBER Working Paper No.6019, pp.2-36.
[17]Blomstrom, M. and H. Pearson (1983)."Foreign Investment and Spillover Efficiency in an Underdeveloped Economy:Evidence from the Mexican Manufacturing Industry", World Development11(6):493-501.
[18]Blonigen, B. A., Davies, R. B., Waddell, G. R. and H. T. Naughton,2007,"FDI in Space: Spatial Autoregressive Relationships in Foreign Direct Investment," European Economic Review, Vol.51(5), pp.1303-1325.
[19]Bolton, P., and M. Dewatripont,2005,"Contract Theory.US:Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.
[20]Brainard, S.,1993,"A Simple Theory of Multinational Corporations and Trade with a Trade-off between Proximity and Concentration," NBER Working Paper, No.4269.
[21]Brainard, S. L.,1997,"An Empirical Assessment of the Proximity-Concentration Trade-off between Multinational Sales and Trade," American Economic Review, Vol.87(4), pp.20-44.
[22]Carpenter Theresa,2005."Multinational, intra-firm trade and FDI:s simple model." HEI working paper No:1/2005, Graduate Institute of International Studies Geneva.
[23]Carr, D. L., J. R. Markusen, and K. E. Maskus,2001,"Estimating the Knowledge-Capital Model of the Multinational Enterprise," American Economic Review, Vol.91(3), pp.693-708.
[24]Caves, R.(1974)."Multinational Firms, Competition and Productivity in Host-Country Markets", Economica41(162):176-93.
[25]Chad Shirley and Clifford Winston,2004,"Firm Inventory Behavior and the Returns from Highway Infrastructure Investments," Journal of Ecnomics, Vol.55(2), pp.398-415.
[26]Cohen, W. M., and D. A. levinthal,1989,"Innovation and learning:the two faces of R&D,' The Economic Journal, Vol.99(397), pp.569-596.
[27]Dean, J. M., Lovely, M. E., and J. Mora.,2009,"Decomposing China-Japan-U.S. Trade: Vertical Specialization, Ownership, and Organizational Form," Journal of Asian Economics, Vol.20(6), pp.596-610.
[28]Dees, S.,(1998)."Foreign direct investment in China:Determinants and Effects", Economics of Planning,31:175-194.
[29]Dornbusch, R., Fischer, S., and P. A. Samuelson,1977,"Comparative Advantage, Trade, and Payments in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods," The American Economic Review. Vol.76(5), pp.823-839.
[30]Du, J., Lu, Y., and Z. G. Tao,2011,"Institutions and FDI Location Choice:The Role of Cultural Distances," Journal of Asian Economics, pp.1-14.
[31]Ekholm, K., Forslid, R.,and J. Markusen,2007,"Export-Platform Foreign Direct Investment," Journal of the European Economic Association, Vol.5(4), pp.776-795.
[32]Eva Kippenberg,2005,"Sectoral linkages of foreign direct investment firms to the Czech economy", Research in International Business and Finance, Vol.19(2), pp.251-265.
[33]Feenstra, R., and H. Ma,2007,"Optimal Choice of Product Scope for Multiproduct Firms under Monopolistic Competition," The National Bureau of Economic Research, Vol.137(3), pp.13-22.
[34]Fei, J. C. H., G. Ranis,1964,"Capital-Labor Ratios in Theory and in History:Reply," The American Economic Review, Vol.54(6), pp.1063-1069.
[35]Feinberg, S., and M. Keane,2006,"Accounting for the Growth of MNC-Based Trade Using a Structural Model of U.S. MNCs," American Economic Review, Vol.96(5), pp.1515-1558.
[36]Gereffi, G.,1999,"International Trade and Industrial Upgrading in the Apparel Commodity Chain," Journal of International Economics, Vol.48(1), pp.1-198.
[37]Gereffi, G., and M. Christian,2009,"The Impacts of Wal-Mart:The Rise and Consequences of the World's Dominant Retailer," Annual Review of Sociology, Vol.35, pp.537-591.
[38]Gereffi, G., and E. Evgeniev,2008,"Textile and Apparel Firms in Turkey and Bulgaria: Exports, Local Upgrading and Dependency," Economic Studies, Vol.9(3), pp.148-179.
[39]Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J., and T. Sturgeon,2005,"The Governance of Global Value Chains,' Review of International Political Economy, Vol.12(1), pp.78-104.
[40]Gereffi, G., and T. J. Sturgeon,2004,"Globalization, Employment, and Economic Development:A Briefing Paper," MIT IPC Working Paper, IPC-04-007.
[41]Gereffi, G., and T. Tam,1998,"Industrial uparading through organizational chains: Dynamics of rent, learning, and mobility in the global economy," The93rd Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, CA, August21-25.
[42]Giuliani, E.,2005,"The Structure of Cluster Knowledge Networks:Uneven and Selective, not Pervasive and Collective," DRUID Working Paper2005-11.
[43]Globerman, S.1979,"Foreing Direct Investment and Spillover Efficiency Benefits in Canadian Manufacturing Industries", Canadian Journal of Economics12(1):42-56.
[44]Gorg, H., and D. Greenaway,2004,"Do Domestic Firms Really Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment?" Economics World Bank Research Observer, Vol.19(2), pp.171-197.
[45]Gorg H, and L. Jabbour,2009,"Multinational Enterprises and Foreign Direct Investment: Introduction," The World Economy, Vol.32(1), pp.1-5.
[46]Greaney, T. M., and Y. Li.,2009,"Assessing Foreign Direct Investment Relationships between China, Japan and the United States," Journal of Asian Economics, Vol.20(6), pp.611-625.
[47]Greenaway D., and R. Kneller,2007,"Firm Heterogeneity, Exporting and Foreign Direct Investment," Economic Journal, Vol.117(517), pp.134-161.
[48]Grossman, S., and O. Hart,1986,"The Costs and Benefits of Ownership:A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration," Journal of Political Economy, Vol.94(4), pp.691-719.
[49]Grossman, G. M., and E. Helpman,2002,"Integration versus Outsourcing in Industry Equilibrium," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.117(1), pp.85-120.
[50]Grossman, G. M., Helpman, E., and A. Szeidl,2006,"Optimal integration strategies for the multinational firm," Journal of International Economics,(70), pp.216-238.
[51]Hanson, G., Mataloni, R., and M. Slaughter,2001,"Expansion Strategies of U.S. Multinational Firms," NBER working paper, No.8433.
[52]Hanson G., Mataloni R., and M. Slaughter,2005,"Vertical Production Networks in Multinational Firms," Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.87(4), pp.664-678.
[53]Harris, C.,1954,"The Market as a Factor in the Localization of Industry in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers," Vol.44(4), pp.315-348.
[54]Hart,O., and J. Moore,1990,"Property rights and nature of the firm. Journal of political economy,"98(6):1119-1158.
[55]Hausmann, R., Hwang, J., and D. Rodrik,2007,"What You Export Matters," Journal of Economic Growth,12(1), pp.1-25.
[56]Head, K., and J. Ries,2003,"Heterogeneity and the FDI versus Export Decision Of Japanese Manufacturers," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Vol.17(4), pp.448-467.
[57]Head, K., and T. Mayer,2004,"Market Potential and the Location of Japanese Investment in the European Union," The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.86(4), pp.959-972.
[58]Heinrich, J., and D. E., Konan,2000,"Foreign Direct Investmet and Host-Country Trading Blocs," Journal of Economic Integration, Vol.15(4), pp.565-584.
[59]Helpman, E.,1984,"A Simple Theory of International Trade with Multinational Corporations," Journal of Political Economy, Vol.92(3), pp.451-471.
[60]Helpman, E.,2006,"Trade, FDI, and the Organization of Firms," Journal of Economic Literature, Vol.44(3), pp.589-630.
[61]Helpman, E, Melitz, M., and S. Yeaple,2004,"Export versus FDI with Heterogeneous Firms," American Economic Review, Vol.94(1), pp.300-316.
[62]Helpman, E., and P. R., Krugman,1985,"Market Structure and Foreign Trade," MIT Press, Camvridge, MA.
[63]Henley, J., Kirkpatrick, C., and G. Wilde,1999,"Foreign Direct Investment in China:Recent Trends and Current Policy Issues," World Economy, Vol.22(2), pp.223-243.
[64]Hirschman, A. O., and G. Sirkin,1958,"Investment Criteria and Capital Intensity Once Again," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.72(3), pp.469-471.
[65]Hsiao, F. S. T., and W. H. Mei-Chu,2004,"The Chaotic Attractor of Foreign Direct Investment—Why China? A Panel Data Analysis," Journal of Asian Economics, Vol.15(4), pp.641.
[66]Hulten C. R., and R. M. Schwab,1991,"Public Capital Formation and the Growth of Regional Manufacturing Industries," National Tax Journal, Vol.44(4), pp.121-134.
[67]Hulten, C. R., and R. M. Schwab,2000,"Does Infrastructure Investment Increase the Productivity of Manufacturing Industry in the US?" Econometrics and the Cost of Capital, MIT Press.
[68]Hulten, C. R., Bennathan, E., and S. Srinivasan,2006,"Infrastructure, Externalities, and Economic Development," World Bank Economic Review, Vol.20(2), pp.291-308.
[69]Hummels, D., Ishii, J., and K. M. Yi,2001,"The nature and growth of vertical specialization in world trade", Journal of International Economics,54, pp.75-96.
[70]Hunya, Gabor,2002."Restructuring through FDI in Romanian manufacturing", Economic Systems, Vol.26(4), pp.387-394
[71]Hopenhayn, H.,1992,"Entry, Exit, and Firm Dynamics in Long Run Equilibrium,' Econometrica, Vol.60(5), pp.1127-1150.
[72]Inklaar, R., Timmer, M. P., Van, B. A., Carlin, W., and J. Temple,2008,"Market Services Productivity across Europe and the US," Economic Policy, Vol.23(53), pp.139-194.
[73]Kleinert, J., and F. Toubal,2010,"Gravity for FDI," Review of International Economics, Vol.18(1), pp.1-13.
[74]Kojima, K.,2000,"The Flying Geese Model of Asian Economic Development, Origin, Theoretical Extensionsand and Regional Policy Implications," Journal of Asian Economics, Vol.1(11), pp.375-401.
[75]Kokko, A.,1994,"Sweden:Effects of EU Membership on Investment and Growth," The World Economy, Vol.17(5), pp.667-677.
[76]Krugman, P. R.,1979,"Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and International Trade," Journal of International Economics, Vol.9(4), pp.469-479.
[77]Krugman, P. R.,1980,"Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade,' American Economic Review, Vol.70(5), pp.950-959.
[78]Lai M., Peng S., and Q. Bao,2006,"Technology spillovers, absorptive capacity and economic growth," China Economic Review,17pp.300-320.
[79]Lall, S.,2000,"Fulfilling the Export Potential of Small and Medium Firms (Book Review),' Small Business Economics, Vol.14(4), pp.323-325.
[80]Lall, S.,2006,"Some Insights to Reinvent Industrial Strategy in Developing Countries,' International Journal of Technology Management, Vol.36(1), pp.16-20.
[81]Lardy, N. R.,1995,"The Role of Foreign Trade and Investment in China's Economic Transformation," China Quarterly, Vol.144, pp.1065-1082.
[82]Lewis, W. A.,1955,"Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labor,' Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies,23(May), pp.139-91.
[83]Lucas, R.,1988,"On the Mechanics of Economic Development," Journal of Monetary Economics,(22), pp.3-42.
[84]Luis A. Rivera-Batiz, Paul M. Romer,1990,"Economic Integration and Endogenous Growth," NBER Working Paper, No.3528.
[85]Lall, S.,2005,"FDI AGOA and Manufactured Exports by a Landlocked, Least Developed African Economy:Lesotho," Journal of Development Studies.41(6), pp.998-1022.
[86]Lall, S.,2006,"The sophistication of exports:A new trade measure,"World Development.34(2), pp.222-237.
[87]MacDougall, G. D. A."The benefits and costs of private investment from abroad:A Theoretical approach." Economic Record,1960, vol.36, pp.13-35.
[88]Markusen J. R.,1984,"Multinationals, multi-plant economies, and the gains from trade,"Journal of International Economics, Vol.16(3-4), pp.205-226.
[89]Markusen, J. R.,1995,"The Boundaries of Multinational Enterprises and the Theory of International Trade," Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.9(2), pp.169-189.
[90]Markusen J. R., Venables A. J.,1998,"Multinational firms and the new trade theory," Journal of International Economics, Vol.46(2), pp.183-203.
[91]Markusen, J. R., and A. J. Venables,1999,"Foreign Direct Investment as a Catalyst for Industrial Development," European Economic Review,(33), pp.53-56.
[92]Markuse, J. R., and A. Venables,2000,"The theory of endowment, intra-industry anf multi-national trade," Journal of International Economics, Vol.52(2), pp.209-234.
[93]Markusen, J. R., and E. Keith,2002,"Discriminating Among Alternative Theories of the Multinational Enterprise," Review of International Economics, Vol.10(4), pp.694-707.
[94]Markusen, J. R.,1997,"Trade Versus Investment Liberalization," NBER Working Paper, No.6231,1997:1-22.
[95]Moore, J.H.,"A Measure of Structural Change in Output", Review of Income and Wealth, vol.24, no.1,pp:105-118,1978.
[96]Mao, Y., and J.C. Wang,2007,"The Strategic Decisions and Success Factors of the Global Integration-Local Responsiveness Of Japanese MNCs In China," Frontiers of Business Research in China, Vol.1(1), pp.67-90.
[97]Mayer, T.,2009,"Market Potential and Development," CEPR working paper, No.6798.
[98]Melitz, M. J.,2003,"The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity," Economitrica, Vol.71(6), pp.1695-1725.
[99]Meier, G.,1989, Leading Issue in Economic Development. Oxford:Oxford University Press.
[100]Moreno, D., and J. Wooders,2002,"Prices, Delay, and the Dynamics of Trade," Journal of Economic Theory,104, pp.304-339.
[101]Neilson, J., and B. Pritchard,2009,"Value Chain Struggles:Institutions and Governance in the Plantation Districts of South India," US:Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.
[102]Nishimizu, M., and C. R. Hulten,1978,"The Sources of Japanese Economic Growth:1955-71," The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.60(3), pp.351-361.
[103]Nelson, R. R., and E. S. Phelps,1966,"Investment in humans, technological diffusion, and economic growth," The American Economic Review, Vol.56(1-2), pp.69-75.
[104]North, D.,1990, Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[105]Pietrobelli, C., and R. Rabellotti,2007,"Business Development Service Centres in Italy: Close to Firms, Far from Innovation," World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, Vol.4(1), pp:38-55.
[106]Redding, S., and A. J. Venables,2004,"Economic geography and international inequality," Journal of International Economics, Vol.62(1), pp.53-82.
[107]Rodrik, D.,2006,"What's So Special about China's Exports?" China and World Economy, Vol.14(5), pp.1-19.
[108]Rosenstein-Rodan, P. N.,1943,"Problems of Industrialisation of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe," The Economic Journal, Vol.53(210/211), pp.202-211.
[109]Rugman, A. M.,1988,"A Canadian perspective on U.S. administered protection and the free trade agreement", Management International Review. Vol.30(3), pp.253-266.
[110]Savona, M., and R. Schiattarella.,2004,"International Relocation of Production and the Growth of Services:The Case of the"Made in Italy" Industries," Transnational Corporations, Vol.13(2), pp.57-76.
[111]Schmitz, H.,2004,"Local Upgrading in Global Chains:Recent Findings," Paper to be presented at the DRUID Summer Conference.
[112]Schmookler, J.,1962,"Economic Sources of Inventive Activity," The Journal of Economic History, Vol.22, pp.1-20.
[113]Schmitz, H.,"Local Upgrading in Global Chains:Recent Findings", Paper to be presented at the DRUID Summer Conference, http://www.druid.dk/uploads/tx_picturedb/ds2004-1422.pdf.
[114]Sjoholm, F.,1999,"Technology gap, competition and spillovers from direct foreign investment:Evidence from establishment data," The Journal of Development Studies, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol.36(1),53-73.
[115]Sturgeon, T., Van Biesebroeck, J., and G. Gereffi,2008,"Value chains, networks and clusters:reframing the global automotive industry," Journal of Economic Geography,8(3), pp.297-322.
[116]Sturgeon, T. J.,and M. Kawakami,2011,"Global Value Chains in the Electronics Industry:Characteristics, Crisis, and Upgrading Opportunities for Firms from Developing Countries," International Journal of Technological, Vol.4(1-3), pp.120-147.
[117]Taggart, J. H.,1997,"An Evaluation of the Integration-Responsiveness Framework: MNC Manufacturing Subsidiaries in the UK," Management International Review, Vol.37(4), pp.295-318.
[118]UNCTAD,2010, World Investment Report:Investing in a low-carbon economy.
[119]UNCTAD,1993, World Investment Report:Transnational Corporations and Integrated International Production.
[120]Vernon, R.,1966,"International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.80(2), pp.190-207.
[121]Vind, I., and Ni. Fold,2007,"Multi-level Modularity vs. Hierarchy:Global Production Networks in Singapore's Electronics Industry," Danish Journal of Geography, Vol.107(1), pp.69-83.
[122]Williamson, O.,1985,"The Economic Institution of Capitalism," New York:Free Press.
[123]Xu, B.,2007,"Measuring China's Export Sophistication," Working Paper, China Europe International Business School.
[124]Yeaple, S. R.,2003,"The Complex Integration Strategies of Multinationals and Cross Country Dependencies in the Structure of Foreign Direct Investment," Journal of International Economics,60(2), pp.293-314.
[125]Yeaple, S. R.,2005,"A Simple Models of Firm Heterogeneity, International Trade and Wages," Journal of International Economics, Vol.65(1), pp.1-20.
[126]Yeaple, S. R.,2009,"Firm heterogeneity and the structure of U.S. multinational activity," Journal of International Economics,78, pp.206-215.
[127]Yi, K. M.,2003,"Can vertical specialization explain the growth of world trade?" Journal of political Economy,111(1),52-102.
[128]Ying W.,1999,"More on monetary policy in a small open economy A credit view,' International Review of Economics and Finance,8, pp.223-235.
[129]Young, A., and A. C.1928,"Increasing Returns and Economic Progress," Economic Journal, Vol.38(152), pp.527-542.
[130]Young, A.,1995,"The Tyranny of Numbers:Confronting the Statistical Realities of The East Asian Growth Experience," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.110(3), pp.641-680.
[131]Zhang, K. H.,2001,"What Attracts Foreign Multinational Corporations to China?" Contemporary Economic Policy,19(3), pp.336-346.
[132]Zhang, K. H.,2005,"Why Does So Much FDI from Hong Kong and Taiwan Go to Mainland China?" China Economic Review, Vol.16(3), pp.293-307.
[133]Zhang, K. H., and J. R. Markusen.,1999,"Vertical Multinationals and Host-country Characteristics," Journal of Development Economics, Vol.59(2), pp.233-252.
[134]Zhou D., Li S., Tse DK.2002."The impact of FDI on the productivity of domestic firms: The case of China," International Business Review, Vol.11(4):465-484.
[135]蔡昉.2010.刘易斯转折点与公共政策方向的转变.中国社会科学,6：125-233.
[136]蔡昉.2010.人口转变、人口红利与刘易斯转折点.经济研究,4：4-13.
[137]蔡昉,王德文,曲玥.2009.中国产业升级的大国雁阵模型分析.经济研究,9：4-14.
[138]曹均伟.2002.利用外资与产业结构的阶段性转换.上海财经大学学报,3：32-40.
[139]陈刚,张解放.2001.区际产业转移的效应分析及相应政策建议.华东经济管理,15(2)：24-26.
[140]陈恒,王蕾.2008.小岛清的边际产业扩张论评介.商业经济,12：32-54.
[141]陈亚雯.2002.经济全球化与跨国公司发展新战略.经济问题探索,2：82-84.
[142]戴翔.2012.中国服务贸易出口技术复杂度变迁及国际比较.中国软科学,2：52-59.
[143]高国伟.2010.跨国公司生产率差异和国际直接投资战略选择.南方经济,3：21-33.
[144]高国伟.2009.异质性与混合型国际直接投资.南开经济研究,6：76-87.
[145]高帆.2005.论二元经济结构的转化趋向.经济研究,9：91-102.
[146]高越.2009.FDI在中国的区位分布及地区之间的联系.改革与战略,25(194)：94-97.
[147]高越,李荣林.2008.异质性、分割生产与国际贸易.经济学季刊,1：159-178.
[148]关志雄.2002.中国工业应警惕“丰收贫困”陷阱.中国经济快讯,36-24-25.
[149]郭树清,樊纲.2006.中国经济的内外平衡：一种三管齐下的战略.国际经济评论,4：26-28.
[150]黄蔚.2005.美国对华直接投资发展的实证研究及趋势分析.国际贸易问题,12：98-103.
[151]贾文彬,乌云其其格.2010.西部地区承接产业转移的动因分析.经济研究导刊,23：62-73.
[152]简新华，叶林．2011．改革开放前后中国经济发展方式的转变和优化趋势．经济学家，1：5-14．
[153]蒋殿春，张庆昌．2011．美国在华投资的引力模型分析．世界经济，5：26-41．
[154]李涵，黎志刚．2009．交通基础设施投资对企业库存的影响——基于我国制造业企业面板数据的实证研究．管理世界(月刊)，8：73-80．
[155]李荣融．2006．股权激励要与改革相结合．中国经济周刊，32：13-13．
[156]李月．2008．台湾大陆投资的新特点及对台湾经济的影响．当代经济研究，8：47-50．
[157]刘强，范爱军．2011．国际技术扩散测度国外研究综述．国际贸易问题，8：41-47．
[158]刘强，范爱军．2011．中国巨额国货复进口成因探析．亚太经济，3：126-130．
[159]刘生龙，胡鞍钢．2011．交通基础设施与中国区域经济一体化．经济研究，3：72-82．
[160]刘志彪．2011．重构国家价值链：转变中国制造业发展方式的思考．世界经济与政治论坛，4：1-14．
[161]刘志彪，张杰．2007．全球代工体系下发展中国家俘获型网络的形成、突破与对策——基于GVC与NVC的比较视角．中国工业经济，5：39-47．
[162]刘志彪，张少军．2008．中国地区差距及纠偏：全球价值链和国内价值链视角．学术月刊，5：49-55．
[163]刘志伟，高利，陈刚．2006．中国的对外直接投资对其国际收支影响的实证研究．国际贸易问题，12：83-87．
[164]马库森著，强永昌，陆雪莲，杨泓艳译．2005．跨国公司与国际贸易理论．上海：上海财经大学出版社．
[165]聂爱云，陆长平．2012．制度约束、外商投资与产业结构升级调整．国际贸易问题，2：136-145．
[166]聂聆．2008．近年美国对华直接投资减少的原因分析．对外经贸实务，1：79-82．
[167]潘悦．2002．在全球化产业链条中加速升级换代．中国工业经济，6:27-36．
[168]平新乔．2007．FDI在中国的分布、市场份额与享受的税收优惠．经济社会体制比较（双月刊），4：18-27．
[169]盛丹，王永进．2010．内资企业准入管制、融资依赖与FDI流入——基于分地区分行业的实证研究．财经研究，36(7)：49-59．
[170]石奇．2004．基于产权分析的中国企业转型研究．经济科学，6：80-86．
[171]宋泓，柴榆．2002．以劳动力寻找型为主——我国外国直接投资的性质分析．国际贸易，10：48-53．
[172]苏振东，侯铁珊．2005．基于改进D-S模型的产业间贸易、垂直投资一体化模型研究．当代经济科学，27(6)：103-108．
[173]苏振东，侯铁珊，逯宇铎．2005．基于改进H-O模型的贸易投资一体化模型研究．数量经济技术经济研究，5：89-100．
[174]孙少勤，邱斌，潘凌燕．2008．跨国公司对外直接投资的工资效应：一个文献综述．世界经济与政治论坛，6：29-34．
[175]孙少勤，邱斌．2011．全球生产网络条件下FDI的技术溢出渠道研究．南开经济研究，4：50-66．
[176]谭介辉．1998．论面向21世纪的中国对外直接投资战略．上海综合经济，3：38-40．
[177]唐海燕，张会清．2009．产品内国际分工与发展中国家的价值链提升．经济研究，9：81-93．
[178]唐宜红，林发勤．2009．异质性企业贸易模型对中国企业出口的适用性检验．南开经济研究，6：88-99．
[179]王小鲁，樊纲，刘鹏．2009．中国经济增长方式转变和增长可持续性．经济研究，1：4-16．
[180]王岳平．1999．我国外商直接投资的两种市场导向类型分析．国际贸易问题，2：1-7．
[181]魏后凯．2003．加入WTO后中国外商投资区位变化及中西部地区吸引外资前景．管理世界(月刊)，7：67-75．
[182]魏后凯，贺灿飞，王新．2001．外商在华直接投资动机与区位因素分析——对秦皇岛市外商直接投资的实证研究．经济研究，2：67-76．
[183]伍德里奇．2003．计量经济学导论：现代观点．北京：中国人民大学出版社.
[184]吴新博．2008．我国二元经济结构的特征、测度及对策．华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)，47(6)：64-68．
[185]冼国明，刘翼．2001．跨国公司与经济全球化．南开经济研究，4：11-16．
[186]小岛清．1977．对外直接投资论．日本：日本砖石出版社．
[187]小岛清．1978．对外直接投资：跨国经营的日本模式．纽约：普雷格出版公司．
[188]谢斌．2011．重庆外商直接投资分析．国际贸易，11：23-25．
[189]许晖，张军．2007．加拿大企业进入中国市场的战略模式选择——基于FSAs和CSAs的动态交互研究．国际经济探索，27(8)：40-44．
[190]胥留德．2010．后发地区承接产业转移对环境影响的几种类型及其防范．经济问题探索，6：36-39．
[191]徐康宁，王剑．2002．美国对华直接投资决定性因素分析(1983—2000)．中国社会科学，5：66-77．
[192]薛漫天，赵曙东．2007．外商直接投资：垂直型还是水平型．经济研究，12：93-105．
[193]杨丹辉．2011．全球竞争格局变化与中国产业转型升级．国际贸易，11：12-18．
[194]姚志毅，张亚斌．2011．全球生产网络下对产业结构升级的测度．南开经济研究，6：5-65．
[195]易行健，李良生．2007．市场是否可以换来技术进步？——自广东省工业部门面板数据的实证分析．南方经济，7：71-82．
[196]余慧倩，周毓萍．2004．影响跨国公司在武汉直接投资因素实证研究．华中科技大学学报（社会科学版），2：59-61．
[197]赵君丽，吴建环．2008．新新贸易理论评述．经济学动态，6：96-101．
[198]张波．2008．美国对华直接投资与贸易增长变化分析．国际经贸探索，6：25-28．
[199]张公嵬，梁绮．2010．中国内外资企业TFP增长及其影响因素的对比研究——基于35个工业行业面板数据的实证分析．中大管理研究，2：1-25．
[200]张鲁青，桑百川．2009．我国东部、中西部及周边国家FDI区位优势比较．国际经济合作，12：38-47．
[201]张庆昌，蒋殿春．2011．异质性与跨国公司的战略选择．当代经济科学，5：1-7．
[202]张其仔．2011．产业蓝皮书中国产业竞争力报告．社会科学文献出版社，2012．
[203]张湘赣．2011．产业结构调整：中国经验与国际比较．中国工业经济，1:38-46．
[204]郑礼明，张燕林．2010．异质性企业贸易理论研究综述．改革与战略，3：179-182．
[205]周启良，庄宗明．2011．FDI与中国产业结构优化文献综述．云南财经大学学报，3：11-15．
[206]庄宗明，马明申．2007．美国对华直接投资的发展及其影响因素分析．世界经济，6：19-26．