分布式同步相量测量技术的研究
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摘要
目前,我国正在大力发展特高压电网和坚强智能电网,电网结构的变化、装机容量的增大以及控制措施的多样化,预示着我国电力系统的运行特性正发生着重大的变化。大区互联电网结构更加复杂,分布地域更广,元件更多,动态行为(如超低频振荡、振荡传播、暂态电压不稳定等)也更复杂,电网的稳定监视和控制越来越重要。
以SCADA/EMS及有关的应用软件为代表的调度监控系统实质上是在静态潮流水平上的电力系统稳态行为监控系统,对于电力系统的动态稳定监测是不够的。基于PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit)的广域电网相量测量系统(Wide Area Measurement System, WAMS)正是为了解决上述问题而提出的,并已经成目前电力系统自动化监控技术的主要发展方向之一。
论文首先概述了国内外同步相量测量的研究背景,然后介绍了相量的定义,相量测量技术的常用算法及其在电力系统中的应用。作者参与了中国电力科学研究院PAC-2000D相量测量装置的研制和改进工作,设计的同步相量测量装置由授时单元、数据集中处理单元、数据采集单元、通讯设备等部分组成,本论文详细介绍了装置的各个组成部分、功能及设计技巧。
At present, we are developing Extra High Voltage Grid and Smart Grid energetically, with the change of grid construction, the increase of installed capacity for generators and the multiformity of control methods, the characteristics of running power system are changing all the time. The dynamic behavior become more and more complex on the national wide interconnect network, so the stabilization monitoring and control of the electric network become more and more important. Actually, the application software of Dispatching and Monitoring System, such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition/Energy Management system (SCADA/EMS) and so on, is a static process monitoring and control system for power system. It is insufficient to make the power system secure and stable, especially on the monitoring and control of the dynamic behavior. Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) based on Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is put forward to settle the before-mentioned problem, and has been one of the most primary tendencies of automation monitoring and control technique for power system.
This paper first introduces the domestic and overseas research underground of PMU, then the definition of synchronous phasor, the common method of phasor calculation and application of PMU technologies are described. As one of designers, I developed and modified the PAC-2000D power system phasor mesearment unit. It is composed of time synchronization unit, data sampling unit, data central process uint, TCP/IP communication devices and so on. The function of the component of the PMU, the hardware structure and carrying out mode etc were also expatiated on detailedly.
以SCADA/EMS及有关的应用软件为代表的调度监控系统实质上是在静态潮流水平上的电力系统稳态行为监控系统,对于电力系统的动态稳定监测是不够的。基于PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit)的广域电网相量测量系统(Wide Area Measurement System, WAMS)正是为了解决上述问题而提出的,并已经成目前电力系统自动化监控技术的主要发展方向之一。
论文首先概述了国内外同步相量测量的研究背景,然后介绍了相量的定义,相量测量技术的常用算法及其在电力系统中的应用。作者参与了中国电力科学研究院PAC-2000D相量测量装置的研制和改进工作,设计的同步相量测量装置由授时单元、数据集中处理单元、数据采集单元、通讯设备等部分组成,本论文详细介绍了装置的各个组成部分、功能及设计技巧。
At present, we are developing Extra High Voltage Grid and Smart Grid energetically, with the change of grid construction, the increase of installed capacity for generators and the multiformity of control methods, the characteristics of running power system are changing all the time. The dynamic behavior become more and more complex on the national wide interconnect network, so the stabilization monitoring and control of the electric network become more and more important. Actually, the application software of Dispatching and Monitoring System, such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition/Energy Management system (SCADA/EMS) and so on, is a static process monitoring and control system for power system. It is insufficient to make the power system secure and stable, especially on the monitoring and control of the dynamic behavior. Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) based on Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is put forward to settle the before-mentioned problem, and has been one of the most primary tendencies of automation monitoring and control technique for power system.
This paper first introduces the domestic and overseas research underground of PMU, then the definition of synchronous phasor, the common method of phasor calculation and application of PMU technologies are described. As one of designers, I developed and modified the PAC-2000D power system phasor mesearment unit. It is composed of time synchronization unit, data sampling unit, data central process uint, TCP/IP communication devices and so on. The function of the component of the PMU, the hardware structure and carrying out mode etc were also expatiated on detailedly.
引文
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[39]宗洪良,孙光辉,刘志,等.大型电力系统失步解列装置的协调方案[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(22)：72-75.
[40]周良松,夏成军,彭波,等.基于PMU的预测型振荡解列初步研究[J].继电器,2001,29(3)：9-12.
[41]Milosevic B, Begovic M. Voltage-stability protection and control using a wide area network of phasor measurements[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2003, 18(1):121-127.
[42]黄志刚,等.基于同步相量测量的电压稳定评估算法[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(2)：28-33.
[43]Liu C W, Chang C C, Su M C. Neuro-fuuzy networks for voltage security monitoring based on synchronized phasor measurements[J].1998,13(2): 326-332.
[44]Nuqui R F, Phadke A G, Schulz R P et al. Fast on-line voltage security monitoring using synchronized phasor measurements and decision trees[C]. IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,2001,3:1347-1352.
[45]Rehtanz C, Bertsch J. Wide area measurement and protection system for emergency voltage stability control[C]. IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,2002,2:842-847.
[46]Larsson M, Rehtanz C. Predictive frequency stability control based on wide-area phasor measurements[C]. IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,2002,1:233-238.
[47]Saitoh H, Miura K, et al. On-line modal analysis based on synchronized measurement technology[C]. Proccdings of International Conference on Power System Technology,2002,2:817-822.
[48]Korba P, Larsson M, Rehtanz C. Detection of oscillations in power systems using Kalman filtering techniques[C]. Porceedings of IEEE Conference on Control Applications,2003,1:183-188.
[49]Masahide Ho jo, Tokuo Ohnishi, Yasunori Mitani et al. Observation of frequency oscillation in Western Japan 60Hz power system based on multiple synchronized phasor measurements[C]. IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings, Bologna,2003,2:656-661.
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[2]胡学浩.美加联合电网大面积停电事故的反思和启示.电网技术,2003,27(9)：47-50.
[3]何大愚.对于美国西部电力系统1996年7月2日大停电事故的初步认识.电网技术,1996,20(9)：35-39.
[4]陈德树.大电网安全保护技术初探.电网技术,2004,28(9)：14-17.
[5]肖吉德.“世界电力史上最大事故”启示录.电气时代,2003.9：24-17.
[6]Phadke A G, Ibrahim M, Hlibka T. Fundamental basis for distance relaying with symmetrical components. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1977, 96(2):635-646.
[7]Thorp J S, Phadke A G. Some applications of phasor measurements to adaptive protection, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1988,3(2):791-798.
[8]Denys P, Counan C, Hossenlopp L, et al. Measurement of voltage phase for the French future defense plan against losses of synchronism. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1992,7(1):442-449.
[9]Counan C, Trotignon M, Corradi E, et al. Major incidents on the French electric system:Potentiality and Curative Measures Studies. IEEE Transactions on Power systems,1993,8(3):879-885.
[10]Yi K K, Choo J B, Yoon S H, et al. Development of Wide area measurement and dynamic security assessment systems in Korea. IEEE PES Summer Meeting. 2001:1495-1499.
[11]Saitoh H. GPS synchronized measurement applications in Japan. IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition,2002,1:494-499.
[12]Akke M, Karlsson D. Phasor measurement applications in Scandinavia[C]. IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition,2002, 1:278-284.
[13]Rasmussen J, Jorgensen P. Synchronized phasor measurements of a power system event in eastern Denmark. IEEE Transactions on Power systems,2006,21(1): 879-885.
[14]JPhadke A G. Synchronized phasor measurements in power systems.IEEE Computer Applications in Power,1993,6(2):10-15.
[15]IEEE Standard 1344-1995. IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems.
[16]阂勇,丁仁杰,任勇,等.电力系统全网同步监测系统.清华大学学报1997,37(7)：86-88.
[17]任勇,阂勇.全网同步监测系统的实时数据传输.清华大学学报,1997.37(7)：82-85.
[18]丁仁杰,阂勇.基于GPS的电力系统动态安全监测装置及其动态模拟试验.清华大学学报,1997.37(7)：78-81.
[19]王兆家,岑宗浩,陈汉中.华东电网多功能功角实时监测系统的开发及应用.电网技术,2002.26(8)：73-77.
[20]卢志刚,郝玉山,康庆平.电力系统相角测量和应用.电力系统自动化,1997,21(4)：41-43.
[21]商佳宜.广域电网相量同步测量装置的研制：[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学电气工程学院,2005.
[22]国家电力调度通信中心.电力系统实时动态监测系统技术规范[S].北京：国家电力调度通信中心,2003.
[23]Stanton S E, Slivinsky C, Martin K, etal. Application of Phasor Measurements and Partial Energy Analysis in Stabilizing Large Disturbances. IEEE Trans on PWRD, 1995,10(1):297-302.
[24]周捷,陈尧,崔建中,母线电压同步相角测量算法研究及实现,继电器,2002,30(3)P：13-16.
[25]罗士萍,微机保护实现原理及装置,北京：中国电力出版社,2001.
[26]HartD, NovoselD, HuY, et al. A new frequency tracking and Phasor estimation algorithm for generator. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,12(3):1064-1073.
[27]李建,谢小荣,韩英铎.同步相量测量的若干关键问题.电力系统自动化,2005,29(1)：45-48+76.
[28]许勇,李刚,熊敏,谢涛.分布式同步相量测量装置的研制.电网技术[J],2008,Vol.32 N0.16：76-80.
[29]张贤达.现代信号处理(M).北京：清华大学出版社,1995.
[30]Hauer J F. Initial results in prony analysis of power system response signals[J]. IEEE Transon Power Systems,1990,5(1):80-89.
[31]Trudnowski D J. Making prony analysis more aceurate using multiple signals [J]. IEEE Transon Power Systems,1999,14(1):226-231.
[32]Grund CE, Paserba JJ, Hauer JF, et al. Comparison of prony and Eigenanalysis for power System Control Design. IEEE Transon Power System,1993,8 (3):964-971.
[33]Fang Y J, Xue Y et al. Implementation of an on-line pre-decision based system protection scheme [C]. Proceedings of International Conference on Power System Technology, China,2002,2:823-827.
[34]Xue Y, Fang Y J et al. Transient stability control with on-line pre-decision[C]. Proceedings of Ⅶ Symposium of Specialists in Electric Operatioanl and Expansion Planning, Curitiba, Brazil,2000,36:1094-1103.
[35]林飞,张文,刘玉田.基于同步相量量测技术的暂态稳定性实时预测[J].继电器,2000,28(11)：33-35.
[36]刘玉田,林飞.基于相量测量技术和模糊径向基网络的暂态稳定性预测[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(2)：19-23.
[37]彭疆南,孙元章,王海风.基于广域量测数据和导纳参数在线辨识的受扰轨迹预测[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(22)：6-10.
[38]林飞,刘玉田,邱夕照.基于模糊神经网络的电力系统暂态稳定控制决策[J].电机工程学报,2001,16(2)83-87.
[39]宗洪良,孙光辉,刘志,等.大型电力系统失步解列装置的协调方案[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(22)：72-75.
[40]周良松,夏成军,彭波,等.基于PMU的预测型振荡解列初步研究[J].继电器,2001,29(3)：9-12.
[41]Milosevic B, Begovic M. Voltage-stability protection and control using a wide area network of phasor measurements[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2003, 18(1):121-127.
[42]黄志刚,等.基于同步相量测量的电压稳定评估算法[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(2)：28-33.
[43]Liu C W, Chang C C, Su M C. Neuro-fuuzy networks for voltage security monitoring based on synchronized phasor measurements[J].1998,13(2): 326-332.
[44]Nuqui R F, Phadke A G, Schulz R P et al. Fast on-line voltage security monitoring using synchronized phasor measurements and decision trees[C]. IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,2001,3:1347-1352.
[45]Rehtanz C, Bertsch J. Wide area measurement and protection system for emergency voltage stability control[C]. IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,2002,2:842-847.
[46]Larsson M, Rehtanz C. Predictive frequency stability control based on wide-area phasor measurements[C]. IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,2002,1:233-238.
[47]Saitoh H, Miura K, et al. On-line modal analysis based on synchronized measurement technology[C]. Proccdings of International Conference on Power System Technology,2002,2:817-822.
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