内燃机独立供能系统性能及冷冻水变流量研究
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摘要
内燃机独立供能系统是在能量综合梯级利用理论的基础上提出来的,是对燃气机热泵技术、内燃机热泵技术的继承和发展,是能量综合梯级利用理论的一种具体应用形式。本文对内燃机独立供能系统性能及其冷冻水系统控制问题进行了深入的理论和实验研究,主要研究内容如下：
(1)提出了内燃机独立供能系统的概念。从热力学和经济学两方面对适合内燃机独立供能系统使用的燃料进行了研究。定义了折算性能系数的概念并用其衡量能量利用效率。确定了自变量对折算性能系数和一次能源利用率的影响度。同时引入寿命周期法研究内燃机独立供能系统的燃料费用并针对典型建筑进行了分析,最后得出在现阶段的价格条件下内燃机独立供能系统应优先选用沼气和天然气作为其燃料的结论。
(2)建立了可供内燃机独立供能系统性能研究的实验台,并进行了实验。实验主要包括内燃机特性实验、余热回收利用实验和独立供能系统总体特性实验三部分。内燃机独立供能系统性能实验表明,系统的一次能源利用率绝大部分都在1以上,这说明系统具有优越的变工况运行性能和较高的能源综合利用效率。
(3)设计了一种安装在发动机和压缩机上的带通风系统的隔声罩,用来解决系统运行过程中发热量大、噪声过高的问题。重点对隔声罩内的空气温度场和速度场进行了模拟。结果表明,隔声罩内的热量能被及时排走,保证了发动机和压缩机的运行安全。结合课题组实验研究结果可知,安装了带通风系统的隔声罩后整机噪声有大幅度的下降,达到了设计要求。
(4)从传热机理的角度应用热力学理论建立了房间冷负荷数学模型、风机盘管模型、执行器模型、传感器模型和冷冻水系统模型,并求得了各模型的传递函数。结合内燃机独立供能系统设计了PID控制、模糊控制和模糊自适应PID控制三种控制器,并利用设计的三种控制器对冷冻水系统进行了仿真研究。
(5)完成了内燃机独立供能系统冷冻水变流量实验系统的相关建设工作,确定了独立供能系统变流量实验系统方案。结合示范工程分析了水泵的调节问题,得出了水泵轴功率的变化范围,为独立供能系统中的发电系统设计提供了重要的依据。利用实验系统完成了变流量实验。
Internal-combustion Engine Energy Independence (ICEEI) system was put forward on the basis of energy cascade utilization conception. It is inheritance and development of gas engine heat pump technology and internal combustion engine heat pump technology, and is also a specific application form of energy cascade utilization theory. Theoretical and experimental study was conducted on performance and chilled water system control of ICEEI system, the main research contents are as follows:
(1) The concept of ICEEI system was put forward. Fuels used by ICEEI system was studied from both thermodynamics and economics two aspects. Concept of convert performance coefficient was defined which can be used to measure energy utilization efficiency. After influence degree of independent variable to conversion performance coefficient was identified and fuel costs of ICEEI system was studied, introducing life cycle method, cases of typical buildings were analyzed. Then conclusion was got that marsh gas and natural gas have priority over others as fuels of ICEEI system.
(2) Experiment table for performance research of ICEEI system was established, and experiments were carried on. The experiments involve three parts: internal-combustion engine characteristics experiments, recovery of waste heat experiments, and overall characteristics experiments of ICEEI system. The results show that the primary energy utilization rates of this system are almost above 1, that is, this system has excellent variable working condition performance and higher energy utilization efficiency.
(3) Coustic enclosure with ventilation system were designed in this article and installed on the engine and the compressor to resolve problems of huge heat productivity, complicated noise spectrum characteristics and excessive noise during operational process. Simulations had covered the air temperature and velocity field in the coustic enclosure. Experimental results show that this control method can make the heat drained away in time that guarantees the engine and the compressor's safe operation. Combining the previous research results of our team, we can see that the noise reduction measures make a sharp fall in the noise and meet the design requirements well.
(4) From the perspective of heat-transfer mechanism, mathematical model of the room cooling load, fan-coil model, implementation model, sensor model and the chilled water system model were established on the basis of thermolynamic theory, and transfer function of all the models were obtained. Aims at ICEEI system, three controllers were designed, including PID control, fuzzy control and fuzzy adaptive PID control. Using the three controllers established, the chilled water system control was simulated.
(5) Construction work related experiment table of chilled water system's variable flow control were completed and the variable flow control experimental program was established also. Combined with demonstration project, the pump regulation problems were analyzed, and the pump shaft power variation range were concluded, providing an important basis for the generating system design of ICEEI system. Utilizing the experiment table, the variable flow control experiments were done.
(1)提出了内燃机独立供能系统的概念。从热力学和经济学两方面对适合内燃机独立供能系统使用的燃料进行了研究。定义了折算性能系数的概念并用其衡量能量利用效率。确定了自变量对折算性能系数和一次能源利用率的影响度。同时引入寿命周期法研究内燃机独立供能系统的燃料费用并针对典型建筑进行了分析,最后得出在现阶段的价格条件下内燃机独立供能系统应优先选用沼气和天然气作为其燃料的结论。
(2)建立了可供内燃机独立供能系统性能研究的实验台,并进行了实验。实验主要包括内燃机特性实验、余热回收利用实验和独立供能系统总体特性实验三部分。内燃机独立供能系统性能实验表明,系统的一次能源利用率绝大部分都在1以上,这说明系统具有优越的变工况运行性能和较高的能源综合利用效率。
(3)设计了一种安装在发动机和压缩机上的带通风系统的隔声罩,用来解决系统运行过程中发热量大、噪声过高的问题。重点对隔声罩内的空气温度场和速度场进行了模拟。结果表明,隔声罩内的热量能被及时排走,保证了发动机和压缩机的运行安全。结合课题组实验研究结果可知,安装了带通风系统的隔声罩后整机噪声有大幅度的下降,达到了设计要求。
(4)从传热机理的角度应用热力学理论建立了房间冷负荷数学模型、风机盘管模型、执行器模型、传感器模型和冷冻水系统模型,并求得了各模型的传递函数。结合内燃机独立供能系统设计了PID控制、模糊控制和模糊自适应PID控制三种控制器,并利用设计的三种控制器对冷冻水系统进行了仿真研究。
(5)完成了内燃机独立供能系统冷冻水变流量实验系统的相关建设工作,确定了独立供能系统变流量实验系统方案。结合示范工程分析了水泵的调节问题,得出了水泵轴功率的变化范围,为独立供能系统中的发电系统设计提供了重要的依据。利用实验系统完成了变流量实验。
Internal-combustion Engine Energy Independence (ICEEI) system was put forward on the basis of energy cascade utilization conception. It is inheritance and development of gas engine heat pump technology and internal combustion engine heat pump technology, and is also a specific application form of energy cascade utilization theory. Theoretical and experimental study was conducted on performance and chilled water system control of ICEEI system, the main research contents are as follows:
(1) The concept of ICEEI system was put forward. Fuels used by ICEEI system was studied from both thermodynamics and economics two aspects. Concept of convert performance coefficient was defined which can be used to measure energy utilization efficiency. After influence degree of independent variable to conversion performance coefficient was identified and fuel costs of ICEEI system was studied, introducing life cycle method, cases of typical buildings were analyzed. Then conclusion was got that marsh gas and natural gas have priority over others as fuels of ICEEI system.
(2) Experiment table for performance research of ICEEI system was established, and experiments were carried on. The experiments involve three parts: internal-combustion engine characteristics experiments, recovery of waste heat experiments, and overall characteristics experiments of ICEEI system. The results show that the primary energy utilization rates of this system are almost above 1, that is, this system has excellent variable working condition performance and higher energy utilization efficiency.
(3) Coustic enclosure with ventilation system were designed in this article and installed on the engine and the compressor to resolve problems of huge heat productivity, complicated noise spectrum characteristics and excessive noise during operational process. Simulations had covered the air temperature and velocity field in the coustic enclosure. Experimental results show that this control method can make the heat drained away in time that guarantees the engine and the compressor's safe operation. Combining the previous research results of our team, we can see that the noise reduction measures make a sharp fall in the noise and meet the design requirements well.
(4) From the perspective of heat-transfer mechanism, mathematical model of the room cooling load, fan-coil model, implementation model, sensor model and the chilled water system model were established on the basis of thermolynamic theory, and transfer function of all the models were obtained. Aims at ICEEI system, three controllers were designed, including PID control, fuzzy control and fuzzy adaptive PID control. Using the three controllers established, the chilled water system control was simulated.
(5) Construction work related experiment table of chilled water system's variable flow control were completed and the variable flow control experimental program was established also. Combined with demonstration project, the pump regulation problems were analyzed, and the pump shaft power variation range were concluded, providing an important basis for the generating system design of ICEEI system. Utilizing the experiment table, the variable flow control experiments were done.
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