水利水电工程变形监测中GPS技术与数据处理研究
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摘要
随着科学技术、电子技术的飞速发展,新的监测技术也不断引入到水利水电工程的变形监测中,新技术的应用必然带来监测技术、数据处理等一系列的技术问题需要解决。GPS作为现代测量技术的代表,因其独特的优点近年也逐渐在水利水电工程变形监测领域发挥作用。滑坡、高边坡、大坝的变形监测越来越需要这种自动化程度高、精度高的技术。但由于GPS有别于常规的监测技术,它本身获取的数据以及变形监测数据序列都需要进行有效的处理,才能满足变形监测的需要。GPS变形监测中,各种误差影响的分析与有效处理;GPS变形监测网的优化设计与平差理论;基准的选取与统一;变形监测数据序列的分析与处理。针对上述亟待解决的问题,本文主要在下列几个方面展开研究,并取得了如下成果:
1.在分析GPS测量过程中的误差来源与影响规律的基础上,深入研究与分析了不同组合观测量对GPS处理结果的影响,对不同观测量的组合的影响进行了试验分析,得出GPS变形监测中观测量的优选方法。
2.系统分析研究了GPS网的质量标准、优化设计,推导了GPS变形监测网平差的统一模型,提出基于灵敏度的GPS变形监测网的网形设计技术与方法。根据GPS变形监测网的特点,分析了GPS网的质量标准;推导了GPS变形监测网平差的统一模型,采用该模型可以实现不同期GPS观测的基准统一,避免将系统误差引入变形量,影响变形分析的可靠性。
3.根据GPS网的特点提出基于稳健估计的GPS变形监测网的基准选取与统一,将稳健估计与坐标转换相结合,达到稳定统一基准的目的。通过稳健估计不但可以发现不稳定点,同时也实现了两期基准的统一。
4.在回顾与分析GPS周跳探测与修复方法与技术的基础上,提出GPS周跳探测与修复的小波分析技术。深入分析研究了周跳的特点以及不同观测量组合中周跳的小波变换表现,对GPS周跳探测的小波变换技术提出了指导性意见。
5.研究提出了基于小波分析的综合分析预测模型,将小波分析、时间序列分析等进行有机结合,达到变形分析预报的目的。小波分析技术具有较好的时频分析能力,可以将变形序列根据不同频率进行分离,从而较好地显示变形序列的规律,以便采用恰当的模型进行描述。时序分析具有提取弱信号的能力,但时序分析建模又对序列提出了平稳性的要求,这样大大限制了时间序列处理实际问题的能力。将不同的处理方法有机结合,实现对序列的综合分析,经理论分析与实际验证,该方法可以大大提高序列的分析预测精度。
With the development of science and electronic technology, The new monitoring techniques are applied in hydroelectricity engineering deformation monitoring continually. The application of new techniques must lead to some technology problems such as monitoring technique, data processing need to be solved. GPS being the representative of surveying technique, is playing huge roles gradually in engineering deformation monitoring in recent years. In hydropower engineering, the deformation monitoring of landslide, high slope, dam more and more need the high-automatic and high precise technique. Because GPS is different to conventional monitoring technique, Observation data of itself and deformation monitoring data need to be solved effectively so that to satisfy the need of deformation monitoring. Against the problems, the paper develops the research, and obtains the results as following :1. The author studies deeply and analyzes that the different combined observations effect on GPS solutions, and gains the selective preference methods of observations. Through analyzing the original of error, its influence regularity, the results of observation selective preference is obtained by experiment.2. The author analytical studies GPS network's quality, optimum design systematically, derives the uniform model of GPS deformation monitoring network adjustment, puts forward to the configuration design technique and method based on sensitivity of GPS deformation monitoring network. Analyzes the quality of GPS network according to the characters of GPS deformation monitoring network, deduces uniform model of GPS deformation monitoring network adjustment to realize the reference datum uniform of different period GPS observation, and avoids introducing system error into deformation analysis to influence the authenticity of deformation analysis.3. The author puts forwards to the reference datum choice of GPS deformation monitoring network based on robust estimation according to the characters of GPS networks, combining the robust estimation with coordination transformation, arrives the aim that judging the stabilization of datum and uniform reference datum. We can not only discover non-stable point but also realize the reference datum uniform of two periods.4. On the basis of retrospect and analysis GPS cycle slip detection and its renovation method and technique, the author puts forward to the technique of GPS cycle slip detection and renovation method by wavelet analysis. The characters of cycle slip and its representation of wavelet changes in different observation combinations are studies deeply, the guiding opinions of GPS cycle slip detection by wavelet change is presented.5. The author puts forward to aggregate analysis forecast model based on wavelet analysis. Combining wavelet analysis and time series analysis and so on to realize the aim of deformation analysis and forecast, this method can improve analysis forecast precision by theory analysis and practice certification.
1.在分析GPS测量过程中的误差来源与影响规律的基础上,深入研究与分析了不同组合观测量对GPS处理结果的影响,对不同观测量的组合的影响进行了试验分析,得出GPS变形监测中观测量的优选方法。
2.系统分析研究了GPS网的质量标准、优化设计,推导了GPS变形监测网平差的统一模型,提出基于灵敏度的GPS变形监测网的网形设计技术与方法。根据GPS变形监测网的特点,分析了GPS网的质量标准;推导了GPS变形监测网平差的统一模型,采用该模型可以实现不同期GPS观测的基准统一,避免将系统误差引入变形量,影响变形分析的可靠性。
3.根据GPS网的特点提出基于稳健估计的GPS变形监测网的基准选取与统一,将稳健估计与坐标转换相结合,达到稳定统一基准的目的。通过稳健估计不但可以发现不稳定点,同时也实现了两期基准的统一。
4.在回顾与分析GPS周跳探测与修复方法与技术的基础上,提出GPS周跳探测与修复的小波分析技术。深入分析研究了周跳的特点以及不同观测量组合中周跳的小波变换表现,对GPS周跳探测的小波变换技术提出了指导性意见。
5.研究提出了基于小波分析的综合分析预测模型,将小波分析、时间序列分析等进行有机结合,达到变形分析预报的目的。小波分析技术具有较好的时频分析能力,可以将变形序列根据不同频率进行分离,从而较好地显示变形序列的规律,以便采用恰当的模型进行描述。时序分析具有提取弱信号的能力,但时序分析建模又对序列提出了平稳性的要求,这样大大限制了时间序列处理实际问题的能力。将不同的处理方法有机结合,实现对序列的综合分析,经理论分析与实际验证,该方法可以大大提高序列的分析预测精度。
With the development of science and electronic technology, The new monitoring techniques are applied in hydroelectricity engineering deformation monitoring continually. The application of new techniques must lead to some technology problems such as monitoring technique, data processing need to be solved. GPS being the representative of surveying technique, is playing huge roles gradually in engineering deformation monitoring in recent years. In hydropower engineering, the deformation monitoring of landslide, high slope, dam more and more need the high-automatic and high precise technique. Because GPS is different to conventional monitoring technique, Observation data of itself and deformation monitoring data need to be solved effectively so that to satisfy the need of deformation monitoring. Against the problems, the paper develops the research, and obtains the results as following :1. The author studies deeply and analyzes that the different combined observations effect on GPS solutions, and gains the selective preference methods of observations. Through analyzing the original of error, its influence regularity, the results of observation selective preference is obtained by experiment.2. The author analytical studies GPS network's quality, optimum design systematically, derives the uniform model of GPS deformation monitoring network adjustment, puts forward to the configuration design technique and method based on sensitivity of GPS deformation monitoring network. Analyzes the quality of GPS network according to the characters of GPS deformation monitoring network, deduces uniform model of GPS deformation monitoring network adjustment to realize the reference datum uniform of different period GPS observation, and avoids introducing system error into deformation analysis to influence the authenticity of deformation analysis.3. The author puts forwards to the reference datum choice of GPS deformation monitoring network based on robust estimation according to the characters of GPS networks, combining the robust estimation with coordination transformation, arrives the aim that judging the stabilization of datum and uniform reference datum. We can not only discover non-stable point but also realize the reference datum uniform of two periods.4. On the basis of retrospect and analysis GPS cycle slip detection and its renovation method and technique, the author puts forward to the technique of GPS cycle slip detection and renovation method by wavelet analysis. The characters of cycle slip and its representation of wavelet changes in different observation combinations are studies deeply, the guiding opinions of GPS cycle slip detection by wavelet change is presented.5. The author puts forward to aggregate analysis forecast model based on wavelet analysis. Combining wavelet analysis and time series analysis and so on to realize the aim of deformation analysis and forecast, this method can improve analysis forecast precision by theory analysis and practice certification.
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