松辽盆地白垩系岩相古地理研究
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摘要
本文通过综合采用地震、测井、录井、古生物等分析手段,对松辽盆地白垩世岩相古地理进行了系统的研究。研究表明松辽盆地早白垩世主要发育火山岩、河流、滨浅湖、三角洲和冲积扇沉积,晚白垩世主要发育深湖—半深湖、滨浅湖、三角洲、河流和冲积扇沉积。进一步研究认为,断裂构造是控制盆地内沉积特征变化的主要因素,区域构造背景是盆地沉积、沉降中心迁移的诱因。盆地的北北东向和北西向两组基底断裂控制了早期断陷盆地的分布,而且由于其对盆地沉积的控制作用,盆地的沉积轴向为近北北东向,物源和水系主要沿两组断裂展布。
在沉积和构造研究的基础上,结合盆地的古物源、古气候、古湖泊的平面变化等研究,对松辽盆地白垩纪岩相古地理有了系统的认识。早白垩世早期火石岭组至营城组沉积时期主要形成了火山碎屑岩,以相互分割的小型湖泊为主要特征；登娄库组沉积时期盆地形成统一的沉积区,沉积了一套砂泥岩组合；到泉头组沉积时期,除少数地区外,已经形成统一的湖泊沉积体系；青山口组沉积是盆地整体下沉,湖盆的首次扩张,主要发育垂直于盆地长轴发育的扇三角洲体系和辫状河三角洲体系；到姚家组沉积时期,盆整体抬升；嫩江组沉积时期是松辽湖盆由极盛转为逐渐衰亡的时期；四方台组一明水组沉积时期,沉积中心西移,中央坳陷区以细碎屑岩沉积为主。该期间盆地经历了断裂活动由强到弱,古水域由小到大,古湖盆由分割到统一的变化过程,沉积相整体呈现出东西分带、相带分布不对称的沉积格局。
This paper stuied lithofacies palaeogeography of the Cretaceous in Songliao basin,by using seismic, well logging, paleontology and other methods. The research shows that the basin developed volcanic rocks, rivers, shallow lake, delta and alluvial fan deposits in Early Cretaceous, and semi-deep to deep lake, shallow lake, delta, river and alluvial fan deposits in late Cretaceous. In the further study, also shows tectonic controls the basin evolutionary and regional tectonic is the main factor causing the subsidence center and depocenter of the westward movement. NNE and NW-trending basement faults controlled the distribution of the early rift basin, but also because of its effect on the control basin, the sedimentary axis is nearly NNE, source and river systems along these faults.
Base on this foundation, combined with the sediment source, paleoclimate, and lake level changes, lithofacies palaeogeography of the Cretaceous in Songliao basin is described. in the Early Cretaceous from Yingcheng Formation to Huoshiling Formation is mainly developed pyroclastic rocks and deposited in small lakes.The basin merged into one sedimentary basin area and formed a suit of sand and mud stone. Untill the Quantou Formation,it has formed a unified lake sedimentary system except for a few areas. The basin is subsidenced and the lake is expaned during Qingshankou Formation, and developed fan delta system and braided delta system along basin axis.During Yaojia Formation, it is uplifted. It turned into smaller from Nengjiang Formation. Depocenter moved to west and center depression deposited fine clastic durning Sifangtai Formation to Mingshui Formation. The basin has experienced the fault activity from fierceness to light, the paleo-lake from small to large, the basin from the division to the unity, and sedimentary facies were divied into east and west part, distribution shows pattern of asymmetry.
在沉积和构造研究的基础上,结合盆地的古物源、古气候、古湖泊的平面变化等研究,对松辽盆地白垩纪岩相古地理有了系统的认识。早白垩世早期火石岭组至营城组沉积时期主要形成了火山碎屑岩,以相互分割的小型湖泊为主要特征；登娄库组沉积时期盆地形成统一的沉积区,沉积了一套砂泥岩组合；到泉头组沉积时期,除少数地区外,已经形成统一的湖泊沉积体系；青山口组沉积是盆地整体下沉,湖盆的首次扩张,主要发育垂直于盆地长轴发育的扇三角洲体系和辫状河三角洲体系；到姚家组沉积时期,盆整体抬升；嫩江组沉积时期是松辽湖盆由极盛转为逐渐衰亡的时期；四方台组一明水组沉积时期,沉积中心西移,中央坳陷区以细碎屑岩沉积为主。该期间盆地经历了断裂活动由强到弱,古水域由小到大,古湖盆由分割到统一的变化过程,沉积相整体呈现出东西分带、相带分布不对称的沉积格局。
This paper stuied lithofacies palaeogeography of the Cretaceous in Songliao basin,by using seismic, well logging, paleontology and other methods. The research shows that the basin developed volcanic rocks, rivers, shallow lake, delta and alluvial fan deposits in Early Cretaceous, and semi-deep to deep lake, shallow lake, delta, river and alluvial fan deposits in late Cretaceous. In the further study, also shows tectonic controls the basin evolutionary and regional tectonic is the main factor causing the subsidence center and depocenter of the westward movement. NNE and NW-trending basement faults controlled the distribution of the early rift basin, but also because of its effect on the control basin, the sedimentary axis is nearly NNE, source and river systems along these faults.
Base on this foundation, combined with the sediment source, paleoclimate, and lake level changes, lithofacies palaeogeography of the Cretaceous in Songliao basin is described. in the Early Cretaceous from Yingcheng Formation to Huoshiling Formation is mainly developed pyroclastic rocks and deposited in small lakes.The basin merged into one sedimentary basin area and formed a suit of sand and mud stone. Untill the Quantou Formation,it has formed a unified lake sedimentary system except for a few areas. The basin is subsidenced and the lake is expaned during Qingshankou Formation, and developed fan delta system and braided delta system along basin axis.During Yaojia Formation, it is uplifted. It turned into smaller from Nengjiang Formation. Depocenter moved to west and center depression deposited fine clastic durning Sifangtai Formation to Mingshui Formation. The basin has experienced the fault activity from fierceness to light, the paleo-lake from small to large, the basin from the division to the unity, and sedimentary facies were divied into east and west part, distribution shows pattern of asymmetry.
引文
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44.舒良树,慕玉福,王伯长.松辽盆地含油气地层及其构造[J].地层学杂志,2003,27(4)：340-347.
45.于文卿,孙希,于恩君,等.松辽盆地白垩纪地层时代划分[J].铀矿地质,1999,15(5)：257-265
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2.高瑞祺,萧德铭.松辽及其外围盆地油气勘探新进展[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1995：1-6.
3.高瑞祺.松辽盆地白垩纪石油地层孢粉学[M].北京：地质出版社,1999：2-5.
4. Lyell C..Principles of Geology[M]. Chicago:reprinted University of Chicago Press,1833: 1-26
5. Walther J..Einleitung in die Geologie als Historiche Wissser schaft.Bd.3.Lithogenesis der Gegemvart[M].Jena:Fischer Verlag,1894:535-1055
6. Kuenen Ph H and Miglioriui C L.Truhidity currents and a cause of graded bedding[J].Geol, 1950,58(1):91-127
7. Kuenen Ph H..Turhidity currents of high deusity[C].London:Reports of the 18th International Geological Congress,1948:44-52.
8.朱筱敏,杨俊生,张喜林.岩相古地理研究与油气勘探[J].古地理学报,2004,6(01)：101-109
9.朱筱敏,刘泽容,信荃麟.陆相断陷湖盆中滑塌浊积扇的识别[J].科学通报,1991,36(7)：535-538
10.Mei Shilong, Herderson C. M.Evolution of Permian conodont provincialism and its significance in global correlation and implication[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,2001,170(3-4):237-260
11. Hallam A.Atlas of palaeogeography[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,1973:1-531
12.Gray and A.J.Boucot. Historical biogeography, plate tectonics, and the changing environment[M]. Oregon:Oregon State University Press,1976:1-500
13.Middlemiss F H, Rawson P F. Faunal provinces in space and time[M].Liverpol:Seel House Press,1971:1-236
14.Zhang E. C, et al. Designing a computer-based system for quantitative palaeohiogeography of Permian branchiopod[J].Permophiles,2000,(36):28-31
15.黄汲清.中国主要地质构造单位[M].北京：地质出版社,1954：1-162
16.刘鸿允.中国古地理图[M].北京：科学出版社,1955：1-3
17.卢衍豪.中国寒武纪岩和古地理轮廓初探[J].地质学报,1965,45(4)：349-357
18.李耀西,宋礼生.大巴山西段早古生代地层志[M].北京：地质出版社,1975：1-372
19.冯增昭,彭勇民,金振奎,鲍志东.中国早寒武世岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2002,4(01)：1-12
20.冯增昭,彭勇民,金振奎,鲍志东.中国中寒武世岩相古地理[J]古地理学报,2002,4(02)：1-11
21.冯增昭,彭勇民,金振奎,鲍志东.中国晚寒武世岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2002,4(03)：1-10
22.冯增昭.我国古地理学的形成、发展与展望[J].古地理学报,1999,1(02)：1-7
23.冯增昭.单因素分析多因素综合作图法—定量岩相古地理重建[J].古地理学报,2004,(01)：129-141
24.冯增昭.华北早奥陶世岩相古地理新探[J].地质科学,1979,1(04)：302-313
25.冯增昭,杨玉卿,鲍志东.中国南方石炭纪岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,1999,1(01)：75-86
26.关士聪.中国海陆变迁海域沉积相与油气(晚古代-三叠纪)[M].北京：科学出版社,1984：1-104
27.王鸿祯.中国古地理图集[M].北京：地图出版社,1985：41-130
28.刘宝珺,许效松.中国南方岩相古地理图集[M].北京：科学出版社,1994：1-188.
29.王思恩,张志诚,姚培毅,等.中国侏罗纪-白垩纪含煤地层与聚煤规律[M].北京：地质出版社,1994：1-20
30.田在艺,张庆春.中国含油气盆地岩相古地理与油气[M].北京：地质出版社,1997：65-233
31.赵澄林.油区岩相古地理[M].东营：石油大学出版社,2001：1-180
32.赵澄林,陈纯芳.渤海湾早第三纪油区岩相古地理及储层[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2003：5-56
33.王东坡,刘招君,刘立.松辽盆地沉积构造与海平面升降[M].北京：地质出版社,1993：128-149
34.关德师.松辽盆地下白垩统层序地层及沉积体系研究[D].广州：中国科学院研究生院(广州地球化学研究所),2005：8-13
35.张功成,朱德丰.松辽盆地伸展和反转构造样式[J].石油勘探与开发,1996,23(2)：16-20
36.宋均秋.板块运动对松辽盆地构造演化的影响[J].科技创新导报,2008,(30)：59-60
37.胡望水,吕炳全,张文军,等.松辽盆地构造演化及成盆动力学探讨[J].地质科学,2005,40(01)：16-31
38.李娟,舒良树.中、新生代板块构造作用与松辽盆地[J].南京大学学报,2002,38(4)：525-531
39.陈发景,赵海玲,陈昭年,等.中国东部中、新生代伸展盆地构造特征及地球动力学背景[J].地球科学,1996,21(4)：357-365
40.张文军,胡望水,官大勇,等.松辽裂陷盆地反转期构造分析[J].中国海上油气,2004,16(04)：230-234
41.杨继良.松辽盆地构造发育特征与大型构造油田的关系[M].北京：科学出版 社,1982：162-170
42.Ren J S, Niu B J, He Z J, et al. Tectonic framework and geodynamic evolution of Eastern China[M]. Beijing:Atom Energy Publ House,1998:1-12
43.Zhang K J. North and South China collision along the eastern and southern North China margins[J]. Tectonophsics,1997,(270):145-156
44.舒良树,慕玉福,王伯长.松辽盆地含油气地层及其构造[J].地层学杂志,2003,27(4)：340-347.
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