三峡库区公路碎石土路基渗流弱化机理及其稳定性研究
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摘要
碎石土路基滑塌地质灾害是库区重庆公路地质灾害中存在最为广泛的灾害形式，给重庆公路交通造成了重大影响。论文在交通部科技项目《三峡库区极端气候衍生公路灾害监测预警技术研究》（项目号：2009318000001）的支持下，以库区重庆公路地质灾害调查为基础，选择库区重庆典型公路碎石土样本，进行路基碎石土室内试验及现场测试，以确定不同级配不同含水率下碎石土的物理力学特性、强度变形发展规律及其渗透特性，并以此为基础，进行公路碎石土路基流-固耦合分析，完成库水位影响下的路基边坡稳定性分析。研究有利于提高库区重庆公路的抗灾能力，降低日益严重的频发地质灾害对重庆公路交通造成的严重经济损失和不良社会影响。
论文针对库区重庆公路碎石土路基特点，对以下内容进行了研究：
针对库区重庆公路建设和养护工作中急需解决的地质灾害频发问题，通过对现有公路地质灾害已有研究成果及资料的收集与整理，特别是有关重庆公路历史地质灾害资料以及重庆公路地质灾害重发区奉节、巫山、云阳、万州四地的公路工程地质和区域地层条件资料的调查与分析，以充分掌握库区重庆山区公路区域工程地质、水文地质资料、库区重庆库水消落区分布及公路地质灾害特点。再考虑公路工程特点，进行重庆干线公路地质灾害源调查，并结合历史灾害数据，确定区重庆公路路基地质灾害类型及影响因素。同时，依据国土地灾部门已实施的库区二期滑坡综合治理项目资料，统计分析工程实践中的各碎石体力学参数值及分布规律，为后续试验研究及理论分析奠定基础。
选择库区重庆典型公路路基碎石土样本，进行碎石土物理参数测试、室内压缩试验、直剪强度试验、三轴剪切试验及现场静载荷试验，确定碎石土的物理力学特性，P-S曲线及三轴CD试验曲线。在试验的基础上，确定含水率及细粒土d5百分含量与碎石土最大干密度的关系，细粒土百分含量及含水率对碎石土抗剪强度参数C、φ的影响，不同级配的碎石土压缩模量随荷载的梯度变化规律，以及碎石土渗透特性及其影响因素。再根据现场静载荷试验结果，分析不同级配不同含水率下的强度变形发展规律，以及浸水对于碎石土变形参数的影响。
以库区重庆公路路基碎石土为研究对象，确定细颗粒对碎石土渗透性的影响，以及碎石土渗透系数K与细粒土p5质量含量的函数关系式。以Darcy定律为基础，分析碎石土应力与和渗流场的耦合作用机理，建立流-固耦合作用下碎石土渗透系数与碎石土孔隙率的动态计算函数式。
考虑库水位变动对受其影响的公路碎石土路基稳定性的影响，采用潜水非稳定流的布西尼斯克(Buossinesq)标准方程对库水位下降中潜水非稳定浸润线的求解进行推导，采用采用Levenberg-Marquardt算法对λ与M (λ)值进行了拟合，给出了λ与M (λ)的指数拟合函数关系式。针对库区重庆公路碎石土路基滑坡地质灾害多为沿下伏具有一定坡度的外倾基岩面滑动，滑面多为土岩接触面的特点，提出了叠代求导地下水位浸润线的计算方法。最后考虑含水率对碎石土抗剪强度参数的影响，对库水位下降时的碎石土路基边坡稳定性进行了计算，并与常规计算结果进行对比分析。
选取了巫山某受库水影响的公路路基碎石土边坡，根据滑体形态及滑体组成，分析了滑体失稳破坏的影响因素。通过现场剪切试验及室内试验成果，确定滑体稳定计算的物理力学参数。采用叠代计算确定库水位下降时滑体地下水位浸润线，并采用通过岩土数值分析软件对其进行模拟分析，判断其失稳演化过程。选用典型地质剖面，考虑碎石土含水率及库水位变化，对其安全系数进行了计算。
As for the highway roadbed in Chongqing region which consist of stone-soilwith different particle size and under the combined influence of ground water,landsliding and collapse are the two most widely types of geological disaster to themand could take a significant influence on the highway traffic of Chongqing. Thisthesis based on the study of regional geology and geological disaster investigationsof reservoir highways which locate on Chongqing region. In order to estimate soilbasic properties, rules of strength and deformation development and relatedhydraulic characteristics, this thesis taken some typical stone-soil samples withdifferent water contents and particle gradations to conduct field and laboratory tests.Based on these obtained parameters, we could take analysis for the liquid-solidcoupled effect and conduct our study for the stability of roadbed slope which isunder the condition of water level drawdown. These results could help us to have aninsight into this type of construction and build a series of methods to improvehighway capability that withstand more geological disasters, furthermore, to reducethe loss of society fortune and the negative influence on our normal life that inducedby geological disasters.
According to these characteristics of highways which locate in reservoir region,this thesis focus on some fields as follow:
As for these geological disasters we could meet in highway construction andmaintenance work and need to be solved urgently, some known research results abouthighway geological disaster have been collected and sorted, especially to theengineering geology history and regional stratum condition history of Chongqing regionand four typical cities which are the disaster easily to occur areas, namely, Fengjie,Wushan, Yunyang and Wanzhou. Based on these materials, we can estimate thesecharacteristics of engineering geology, hydrogeology, water level fluctuationdistribution and highway geological disaster of Chongqing region. Additionally, we alsopaid attention to the characteristics of highway construction, and spent a lot of time toseek the disaster source of arterial highway in Chongqing region. Combining these obtained results and historical disaster cases, we can estimate all the types of geologicaldisaster and corresponding impact factors. Meanwhile, based on these geologicalexploration and early designed data of65implemented cases of the second phaselandsliding management project which conducted by government, we taken statistic andanalysis for the rules of soil physical properties and distribution, and to use them as asolid principle for our following research work.
Taken a typical reservoir highway roadbed in Chongqing region to conduct a seriesof tests, such as physical properties test, direct shear test, triaxial shear experiment andfield static load test, et al. Therefore, we can determine the corresponding characteristicsof soil physical properties, P-S curve, triaxial CD curve and other related data. Withthese above data, we can obtain a relationship among water content, particle percent ofthe d5size and maximum dry density of stone-soil, and estimate the influence of particlesize percent and water content on two typical shear strength parameters, C、φ, and thegradient change rule of stone-soil's compressibility modulus with varied load anddifferent gradations. Finally, on the basis of field static load test, we start analysis forsoil samples with different water contents and gradations and try to seek thedevelopment law of soil's strength and deformation, as well as the influence of wettingprocess on deformation parameters of soil.
Taken the stone-soil of highway roadbed in Chongqing region as the object ofstudy, we can estimate the influence of finer particle on stone-soil permeability andobtain the function relationship between stone-soil permeability, K, and weight contentof a typical particle size, P5. Based on Darcy's law, an analysis about the mechanism ofstone-soil stress and seepage field was finished, and with the condition of fluid-solidcoupling, a dynamic calculation equation which can be used to describe the relation ofsoil permeability and porosity has been built. Taken the influence of water levelfluctuation on roadbed stability into consideration, and with the Buossinesq functionthat applied in the condition of unsteady flow of phreatic water, we can find a method todetermine the phreatic line which was influenced by water drawdown. UsingLevenberg-Marquardt solution to conduct fitting work for λ and M (λ), by the way,this thesis also presents an exponential relational expression between them. In fact, theroadbed soil mass has almost the same slope degree with that of the under-lied bedrock, and the sliding mass always slide along the bedrock surface, on the other hand, thesliding surface is a common type of soil-rock contact surface, therefore, we present aniteration process which need to be involved in our whole calculation process when wetry to estimate the phreatic line of groundwater.
A typical roadbed slope is selected for case study, this slope locates on Wushan cityand is affected by the influence of water level fluctuation (drawdown as usual),according to sliding mass's configuration and its material components, we can start ananalytical work for these impact factors which will induce the slope to slide. Accordingto these obtained results from field shear test and laboratory shear test, some neededphysical parameters in sliding calculation can be determined. Select iterative calculationmethod to estimate the phreatic line within sliding mass which was influenced by waterlevel drawdown, and to have an insight into the evolutionary process of landslidingusing a commercial code to do simulation work for this slope. Calculating the factor ofsafety for a selected typical slope cross-section by employing the imbalance thrust forcemethod that suggest by the National Specification.
论文针对库区重庆公路碎石土路基特点，对以下内容进行了研究：
针对库区重庆公路建设和养护工作中急需解决的地质灾害频发问题，通过对现有公路地质灾害已有研究成果及资料的收集与整理，特别是有关重庆公路历史地质灾害资料以及重庆公路地质灾害重发区奉节、巫山、云阳、万州四地的公路工程地质和区域地层条件资料的调查与分析，以充分掌握库区重庆山区公路区域工程地质、水文地质资料、库区重庆库水消落区分布及公路地质灾害特点。再考虑公路工程特点，进行重庆干线公路地质灾害源调查，并结合历史灾害数据，确定区重庆公路路基地质灾害类型及影响因素。同时，依据国土地灾部门已实施的库区二期滑坡综合治理项目资料，统计分析工程实践中的各碎石体力学参数值及分布规律，为后续试验研究及理论分析奠定基础。
选择库区重庆典型公路路基碎石土样本，进行碎石土物理参数测试、室内压缩试验、直剪强度试验、三轴剪切试验及现场静载荷试验，确定碎石土的物理力学特性，P-S曲线及三轴CD试验曲线。在试验的基础上，确定含水率及细粒土d5百分含量与碎石土最大干密度的关系，细粒土百分含量及含水率对碎石土抗剪强度参数C、φ的影响，不同级配的碎石土压缩模量随荷载的梯度变化规律，以及碎石土渗透特性及其影响因素。再根据现场静载荷试验结果，分析不同级配不同含水率下的强度变形发展规律，以及浸水对于碎石土变形参数的影响。
以库区重庆公路路基碎石土为研究对象，确定细颗粒对碎石土渗透性的影响，以及碎石土渗透系数K与细粒土p5质量含量的函数关系式。以Darcy定律为基础，分析碎石土应力与和渗流场的耦合作用机理，建立流-固耦合作用下碎石土渗透系数与碎石土孔隙率的动态计算函数式。
考虑库水位变动对受其影响的公路碎石土路基稳定性的影响，采用潜水非稳定流的布西尼斯克(Buossinesq)标准方程对库水位下降中潜水非稳定浸润线的求解进行推导，采用采用Levenberg-Marquardt算法对λ与M (λ)值进行了拟合，给出了λ与M (λ)的指数拟合函数关系式。针对库区重庆公路碎石土路基滑坡地质灾害多为沿下伏具有一定坡度的外倾基岩面滑动，滑面多为土岩接触面的特点，提出了叠代求导地下水位浸润线的计算方法。最后考虑含水率对碎石土抗剪强度参数的影响，对库水位下降时的碎石土路基边坡稳定性进行了计算，并与常规计算结果进行对比分析。
选取了巫山某受库水影响的公路路基碎石土边坡，根据滑体形态及滑体组成，分析了滑体失稳破坏的影响因素。通过现场剪切试验及室内试验成果，确定滑体稳定计算的物理力学参数。采用叠代计算确定库水位下降时滑体地下水位浸润线，并采用通过岩土数值分析软件对其进行模拟分析，判断其失稳演化过程。选用典型地质剖面，考虑碎石土含水率及库水位变化，对其安全系数进行了计算。
As for the highway roadbed in Chongqing region which consist of stone-soilwith different particle size and under the combined influence of ground water,landsliding and collapse are the two most widely types of geological disaster to themand could take a significant influence on the highway traffic of Chongqing. Thisthesis based on the study of regional geology and geological disaster investigationsof reservoir highways which locate on Chongqing region. In order to estimate soilbasic properties, rules of strength and deformation development and relatedhydraulic characteristics, this thesis taken some typical stone-soil samples withdifferent water contents and particle gradations to conduct field and laboratory tests.Based on these obtained parameters, we could take analysis for the liquid-solidcoupled effect and conduct our study for the stability of roadbed slope which isunder the condition of water level drawdown. These results could help us to have aninsight into this type of construction and build a series of methods to improvehighway capability that withstand more geological disasters, furthermore, to reducethe loss of society fortune and the negative influence on our normal life that inducedby geological disasters.
According to these characteristics of highways which locate in reservoir region,this thesis focus on some fields as follow:
As for these geological disasters we could meet in highway construction andmaintenance work and need to be solved urgently, some known research results abouthighway geological disaster have been collected and sorted, especially to theengineering geology history and regional stratum condition history of Chongqing regionand four typical cities which are the disaster easily to occur areas, namely, Fengjie,Wushan, Yunyang and Wanzhou. Based on these materials, we can estimate thesecharacteristics of engineering geology, hydrogeology, water level fluctuationdistribution and highway geological disaster of Chongqing region. Additionally, we alsopaid attention to the characteristics of highway construction, and spent a lot of time toseek the disaster source of arterial highway in Chongqing region. Combining these obtained results and historical disaster cases, we can estimate all the types of geologicaldisaster and corresponding impact factors. Meanwhile, based on these geologicalexploration and early designed data of65implemented cases of the second phaselandsliding management project which conducted by government, we taken statistic andanalysis for the rules of soil physical properties and distribution, and to use them as asolid principle for our following research work.
Taken a typical reservoir highway roadbed in Chongqing region to conduct a seriesof tests, such as physical properties test, direct shear test, triaxial shear experiment andfield static load test, et al. Therefore, we can determine the corresponding characteristicsof soil physical properties, P-S curve, triaxial CD curve and other related data. Withthese above data, we can obtain a relationship among water content, particle percent ofthe d5size and maximum dry density of stone-soil, and estimate the influence of particlesize percent and water content on two typical shear strength parameters, C、φ, and thegradient change rule of stone-soil's compressibility modulus with varied load anddifferent gradations. Finally, on the basis of field static load test, we start analysis forsoil samples with different water contents and gradations and try to seek thedevelopment law of soil's strength and deformation, as well as the influence of wettingprocess on deformation parameters of soil.
Taken the stone-soil of highway roadbed in Chongqing region as the object ofstudy, we can estimate the influence of finer particle on stone-soil permeability andobtain the function relationship between stone-soil permeability, K, and weight contentof a typical particle size, P5. Based on Darcy's law, an analysis about the mechanism ofstone-soil stress and seepage field was finished, and with the condition of fluid-solidcoupling, a dynamic calculation equation which can be used to describe the relation ofsoil permeability and porosity has been built. Taken the influence of water levelfluctuation on roadbed stability into consideration, and with the Buossinesq functionthat applied in the condition of unsteady flow of phreatic water, we can find a method todetermine the phreatic line which was influenced by water drawdown. UsingLevenberg-Marquardt solution to conduct fitting work for λ and M (λ), by the way,this thesis also presents an exponential relational expression between them. In fact, theroadbed soil mass has almost the same slope degree with that of the under-lied bedrock, and the sliding mass always slide along the bedrock surface, on the other hand, thesliding surface is a common type of soil-rock contact surface, therefore, we present aniteration process which need to be involved in our whole calculation process when wetry to estimate the phreatic line of groundwater.
A typical roadbed slope is selected for case study, this slope locates on Wushan cityand is affected by the influence of water level fluctuation (drawdown as usual),according to sliding mass's configuration and its material components, we can start ananalytical work for these impact factors which will induce the slope to slide. Accordingto these obtained results from field shear test and laboratory shear test, some neededphysical parameters in sliding calculation can be determined. Select iterative calculationmethod to estimate the phreatic line within sliding mass which was influenced by waterlevel drawdown, and to have an insight into the evolutionary process of landslidingusing a commercial code to do simulation work for this slope. Calculating the factor ofsafety for a selected typical slope cross-section by employing the imbalance thrust forcemethod that suggest by the National Specification.
引文
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