刷式密封特性研究及影响因素分析
摘要
由于刷式密封在高温高转速工况下适应性强且泄漏量较低,使其在石油天然气、航空及化工等重要部门中取得日益广泛的应用。但我国对刷式密封研究较晚并且制造技术落后,使得国外公司垄断了刷式密封在世界上的应用市场。因此,为使我国在刷式密封的市场上占有一席之地,刷式密封研究开发工作刻不容缓。
提出了新型的端面刷式密封结构并申请了专利。研发了一套适用于端面刷式密封的加工工艺,并制造了端面刷式密封以用于端面刷式密封的试验研究。对端面刷式密封进行了性能测试,得到了端面刷式密封的泄漏曲线。将端面刷式密封泄漏曲线与其他种类刷式密封进行比较,证明了刷式密封可以满足设计要求。采用Fluent软件对端面刷式密封泄漏流动进行了模拟,并与试验值进行了对比证明该分析方法的正确性,并用该方法讨论了一些重要参数对端面刷式密封性能的影响。同时采用本方法研究了加入减压槽和柔性挡板对端面刷式密封的影响,指引刷式密封进一步改进。采用ANSYS软件分析了端面刷式密封的接触状态。并根据端面刷式密封的接触状态对运转状态下的端面刷式密封温度场进行了理论分析。
刷式密封特性研究及影响因素分析为新型刷式密封的工程设计及应用提供理论支持,还对刷式密封的制造,安装及普及的做出了贡献。
Because brush seal can be used in the condition of high temperature and high speed with low leakage, it is widely used in gas, aviation, chemical industry and other important departments. As our country's research on brush seal started later and manufacture was behind the times, it makes foreign companies monopolize the brush seal's market in the world. It is necessary to start research and development on brush seal at once to make our country get a space on brush seal market.
A new kind of brush seal named end face brush seal has been put forward and applied for patent protection. A set of suitable manufacturing process for end face brush seal was developed, at the same time, the end face brush seal was made by this way for experimental research. End face brush seal's property has been tested and its leakage curve appeared. Compared with other brush seals, the end face brush seal could meet the design requirements well. End face brush seal's leakage flow was simulated by Fluent. Compared with experimental date, it turned out the method is feasible. With this method, influence factors of end face brush seal was discussed and further improvement was put forward. Contact state of end face brush seal was analyzed by ANSYS. Temperature field of end face brush seal was analyzed by Fluent.
This paper researched on brush seal deeply. It provided a kind of theoretical support for brush seal's design and application, and contributed to brush seal's manufacture and popularization.
提出了新型的端面刷式密封结构并申请了专利。研发了一套适用于端面刷式密封的加工工艺,并制造了端面刷式密封以用于端面刷式密封的试验研究。对端面刷式密封进行了性能测试,得到了端面刷式密封的泄漏曲线。将端面刷式密封泄漏曲线与其他种类刷式密封进行比较,证明了刷式密封可以满足设计要求。采用Fluent软件对端面刷式密封泄漏流动进行了模拟,并与试验值进行了对比证明该分析方法的正确性,并用该方法讨论了一些重要参数对端面刷式密封性能的影响。同时采用本方法研究了加入减压槽和柔性挡板对端面刷式密封的影响,指引刷式密封进一步改进。采用ANSYS软件分析了端面刷式密封的接触状态。并根据端面刷式密封的接触状态对运转状态下的端面刷式密封温度场进行了理论分析。
刷式密封特性研究及影响因素分析为新型刷式密封的工程设计及应用提供理论支持,还对刷式密封的制造,安装及普及的做出了贡献。
Because brush seal can be used in the condition of high temperature and high speed with low leakage, it is widely used in gas, aviation, chemical industry and other important departments. As our country's research on brush seal started later and manufacture was behind the times, it makes foreign companies monopolize the brush seal's market in the world. It is necessary to start research and development on brush seal at once to make our country get a space on brush seal market.
A new kind of brush seal named end face brush seal has been put forward and applied for patent protection. A set of suitable manufacturing process for end face brush seal was developed, at the same time, the end face brush seal was made by this way for experimental research. End face brush seal's property has been tested and its leakage curve appeared. Compared with other brush seals, the end face brush seal could meet the design requirements well. End face brush seal's leakage flow was simulated by Fluent. Compared with experimental date, it turned out the method is feasible. With this method, influence factors of end face brush seal was discussed and further improvement was put forward. Contact state of end face brush seal was analyzed by ANSYS. Temperature field of end face brush seal was analyzed by Fluent.
This paper researched on brush seal deeply. It provided a kind of theoretical support for brush seal's design and application, and contributed to brush seal's manufacture and popularization.
引文
[1]Chupp R E and Dowler C A. Performance Characteristics of Brush Seals for Limited-Life Engines[J]. ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,1993(115): 390-396
[2]孙丽霞.刷式密封中泄漏问题的流体动力学模型研究[J].吉林化工学院学报,2004(4)：81-83.
[3]Dinc S, Demiroglu M, Turnquist N. Fundamental Design Issues of Brush Seals for Industrial Applications[J]. ASME Journal of Turbomachinery,2002(124):293-300
[4]孙晓萍.刷式密封性能和耐久性试验研究[J].航空发动机,2002(3)：37-41.
[5]王平子.一种新型的气封-刷子气封[J].东方汽轮机,2004(1)：10-16.
[6]Short J F, Basu P, Data A, et al. Advanced Brush Seal Development[C]. AIAA Paper, 1996,96-2907
[7]Proctor M. NASA Grc Cryogenic Seal Test Rig Capability[R]. NAS A/CP-2000-210472/Vol 1.
[8]朱宗举,陈国林,林基恕.刷密封的静动态泄漏特性[J].航空发动机,1995(3)：39-44.
[9]Arora G R and Proctor M P. JTAGGⅡ Brush Seal Test Results[R]. NASA TM-107448.
[10]Lattime S B, Braun M J, Choy F K, et al. Advances in Hybrid Floating Brush Seals[J]. AIAA Paper,1998:98-3171,.
[11]Chupp R E, Dinc S and Turnquist N. GE Industrial Turbine Advanced Seal Development[R]. NASA/CP-2000-210472/Vol1.
[12]Gail A and Beichl S. MTU Brush Seal-Main Features of an Alternative Design[C]. AIAA Paper,2000:2000-3375
[13]Howell G F. Gas Turbine Engine Brush Seal Application[C]. AIAA 90-2142
[14]Chupp R E, Johnson R P, Loewenthal R G, et al. Brush Seal Development for Large Industrial Gas Turbines[C]. AIAA Paper,1995:95-3146
[15]Chupp R E, Prior R J, Loewentha R G, et al. Advanced Seal Development for Large Industrial Gas Turbines[C]. AIAA Paper,1997:97-2731
[16]田波,寇磊,娄马宝.性能卓越的刷握式密封[J].燃气轮机技术,2003,16(1)：21-24.
[17]Chupp R E, and Howell GF et al., Simple Leakage Flow Model for Brush Seals[C], AIAA 91-1939
[18]Chupp R E and Holl G F. Generalizing Circular Brush Seal Leakage Through a Randomly Distributed Bristle Bed[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery,1996,118:153-161
[19]Chew J W and Lapworth. Mathematical Modeling of Brush Seals [J], Heat and Fluid Flow, 1995,16:493-500
[20]Chew J W And Hogg S I. Porosity Modeling of Brush Seals[J]. ASME Journal of Tribology,1997(119):769-775.
[21]Kudriavtsev V V and Braun M J. Model Developments for the Brush Seal Numerical Simulation[C], AIAA, J of Propulsion and Power,1996,12(1):193-201
[22]Howell P D, Lattimer T R B. Modelling Bristle Bending in Brush Seals[J]. Mathematical Engineering in Industry,1999,7(3):349-359
[23]Braun M J, Canacci V A, Hendricks R C. Flow Visualization and Quantitative Velocity and Pressure Measurements in Simulated Single and Double Brush Seals[J]. STLE Tribology Transactions,1991,34 (1):70-80
[24]Carlile J A, Hendricks R C, Yoder D A. Brush Seal Leakage Performance With Gaseous Working Fluids at Static and Low Rotor Speed Conditions[J]. ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,1993(2):397-403
[25]Wood P E Jones T V. A Test Facility for the Measurement of Torques at the Shaft to Seal Interface in Brush Seals[J]. ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. 1999,121(1):121-161
[26]卢光忠.燃气涡轮发动机封严技术的发展[J].科技与实践,1995(1)：19-25
[27]吴宁兴.航空发动机密封技术的最新进展[J].航空发动机,1998(1)：44-48
[28]何立东,袁新,尹新.刷式密封研究的进展[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(12)：28-32
[29]朱宗举.刷式密封的设计与应用[J].燃气轮机技术,2005,18(3)：68-72
[30]王之栎,王宗根.航空发动机刷密封技术发展与展望[J].润滑与密封,2005(5)：203-205
[31]朱宗举,陈国林,林基恕.刷密封的静动态泄漏特性[J].航空发动机,1995(3)：39-44
[32]吴宁兴.刷衬一篦齿密封技术[J].航空发动机,1998(2)：32-36.
[33]郭霖,康宁.低泄漏高寿命刷式封严的实验研究[J].航空动力学报,2003,18(4)：485-487
[34]丁水汀,陶智,徐国强.刷式封严流动和换热的数值模拟[J].推进技术,1999,20(1)：65-67
[35]黄学民,史伟,王洪铭.刷式密封中泄漏流动的多孔介质数值模型[J].航空动力学报,2000,15(1)：55-58.
[36]王之栎,王宗根,孙丽霞.刷密封内流动与密封特性的研究[J].润滑与密封,2005(6)：114-116.
[37]谢晓俊,康宁.低泄漏高寿命刷式封严的数值计算[J].航空动力学报,2003,18(6)：824-826.
[38]刘占生, 叶建槐.刷式密封接触动力学特性研究[J].航空动力学报,2002,17(5)：635-639
[39]黄学民,崔济亚.刷式密封中泄漏流动和传热的数值研究[D].北京：北京航空航天大学,1999.
[40]Dinc S, Reluzco G, Tumquist N A, et al. Advanced Seals for GE Industrial Gas Turbine Applications.
[41]曹广州, 刷式封严结构的泄漏特性研究[D].南京： 南京航空航天大学,2006
[42]袁玮,刷式密封接触分析及磨损特性的研究[D].陕西：西北工业大学,2004
[43]赵阳升,多孔介质多场耦合作用及其工程影响[M].北京：科学出版社,2010.
[44]林文静,罗锦,王府梅.PTT/PET并列复合短纤维的卷曲和拉伸性能研究[J].合成纤维,2010(1)：27-31
[45]Bayley F J. A combined experimental and theoretical study of flow and pressure distributions in a brush seal[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power.1993, 115:404-410.
[46]程凌,波纹换热管刚度分析及对管板强度的影响[D].南京：南京工业大学,2006
[47]赵万友,接触问题的分析方法研究与工程应用[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2007
[48]游莉,基于虚拟样机技术的可控弯接头的建模和仿真研究[D].西安：西安石油大学,2009
[2]孙丽霞.刷式密封中泄漏问题的流体动力学模型研究[J].吉林化工学院学报,2004(4)：81-83.
[3]Dinc S, Demiroglu M, Turnquist N. Fundamental Design Issues of Brush Seals for Industrial Applications[J]. ASME Journal of Turbomachinery,2002(124):293-300
[4]孙晓萍.刷式密封性能和耐久性试验研究[J].航空发动机,2002(3)：37-41.
[5]王平子.一种新型的气封-刷子气封[J].东方汽轮机,2004(1)：10-16.
[6]Short J F, Basu P, Data A, et al. Advanced Brush Seal Development[C]. AIAA Paper, 1996,96-2907
[7]Proctor M. NASA Grc Cryogenic Seal Test Rig Capability[R]. NAS A/CP-2000-210472/Vol 1.
[8]朱宗举,陈国林,林基恕.刷密封的静动态泄漏特性[J].航空发动机,1995(3)：39-44.
[9]Arora G R and Proctor M P. JTAGGⅡ Brush Seal Test Results[R]. NASA TM-107448.
[10]Lattime S B, Braun M J, Choy F K, et al. Advances in Hybrid Floating Brush Seals[J]. AIAA Paper,1998:98-3171,.
[11]Chupp R E, Dinc S and Turnquist N. GE Industrial Turbine Advanced Seal Development[R]. NASA/CP-2000-210472/Vol1.
[12]Gail A and Beichl S. MTU Brush Seal-Main Features of an Alternative Design[C]. AIAA Paper,2000:2000-3375
[13]Howell G F. Gas Turbine Engine Brush Seal Application[C]. AIAA 90-2142
[14]Chupp R E, Johnson R P, Loewenthal R G, et al. Brush Seal Development for Large Industrial Gas Turbines[C]. AIAA Paper,1995:95-3146
[15]Chupp R E, Prior R J, Loewentha R G, et al. Advanced Seal Development for Large Industrial Gas Turbines[C]. AIAA Paper,1997:97-2731
[16]田波,寇磊,娄马宝.性能卓越的刷握式密封[J].燃气轮机技术,2003,16(1)：21-24.
[17]Chupp R E, and Howell GF et al., Simple Leakage Flow Model for Brush Seals[C], AIAA 91-1939
[18]Chupp R E and Holl G F. Generalizing Circular Brush Seal Leakage Through a Randomly Distributed Bristle Bed[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery,1996,118:153-161
[19]Chew J W and Lapworth. Mathematical Modeling of Brush Seals [J], Heat and Fluid Flow, 1995,16:493-500
[20]Chew J W And Hogg S I. Porosity Modeling of Brush Seals[J]. ASME Journal of Tribology,1997(119):769-775.
[21]Kudriavtsev V V and Braun M J. Model Developments for the Brush Seal Numerical Simulation[C], AIAA, J of Propulsion and Power,1996,12(1):193-201
[22]Howell P D, Lattimer T R B. Modelling Bristle Bending in Brush Seals[J]. Mathematical Engineering in Industry,1999,7(3):349-359
[23]Braun M J, Canacci V A, Hendricks R C. Flow Visualization and Quantitative Velocity and Pressure Measurements in Simulated Single and Double Brush Seals[J]. STLE Tribology Transactions,1991,34 (1):70-80
[24]Carlile J A, Hendricks R C, Yoder D A. Brush Seal Leakage Performance With Gaseous Working Fluids at Static and Low Rotor Speed Conditions[J]. ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,1993(2):397-403
[25]Wood P E Jones T V. A Test Facility for the Measurement of Torques at the Shaft to Seal Interface in Brush Seals[J]. ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. 1999,121(1):121-161
[26]卢光忠.燃气涡轮发动机封严技术的发展[J].科技与实践,1995(1)：19-25
[27]吴宁兴.航空发动机密封技术的最新进展[J].航空发动机,1998(1)：44-48
[28]何立东,袁新,尹新.刷式密封研究的进展[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(12)：28-32
[29]朱宗举.刷式密封的设计与应用[J].燃气轮机技术,2005,18(3)：68-72
[30]王之栎,王宗根.航空发动机刷密封技术发展与展望[J].润滑与密封,2005(5)：203-205
[31]朱宗举,陈国林,林基恕.刷密封的静动态泄漏特性[J].航空发动机,1995(3)：39-44
[32]吴宁兴.刷衬一篦齿密封技术[J].航空发动机,1998(2)：32-36.
[33]郭霖,康宁.低泄漏高寿命刷式封严的实验研究[J].航空动力学报,2003,18(4)：485-487
[34]丁水汀,陶智,徐国强.刷式封严流动和换热的数值模拟[J].推进技术,1999,20(1)：65-67
[35]黄学民,史伟,王洪铭.刷式密封中泄漏流动的多孔介质数值模型[J].航空动力学报,2000,15(1)：55-58.
[36]王之栎,王宗根,孙丽霞.刷密封内流动与密封特性的研究[J].润滑与密封,2005(6)：114-116.
[37]谢晓俊,康宁.低泄漏高寿命刷式封严的数值计算[J].航空动力学报,2003,18(6)：824-826.
[38]刘占生, 叶建槐.刷式密封接触动力学特性研究[J].航空动力学报,2002,17(5)：635-639
[39]黄学民,崔济亚.刷式密封中泄漏流动和传热的数值研究[D].北京：北京航空航天大学,1999.
[40]Dinc S, Reluzco G, Tumquist N A, et al. Advanced Seals for GE Industrial Gas Turbine Applications.
[41]曹广州, 刷式封严结构的泄漏特性研究[D].南京： 南京航空航天大学,2006
[42]袁玮,刷式密封接触分析及磨损特性的研究[D].陕西：西北工业大学,2004
[43]赵阳升,多孔介质多场耦合作用及其工程影响[M].北京：科学出版社,2010.
[44]林文静,罗锦,王府梅.PTT/PET并列复合短纤维的卷曲和拉伸性能研究[J].合成纤维,2010(1)：27-31
[45]Bayley F J. A combined experimental and theoretical study of flow and pressure distributions in a brush seal[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power.1993, 115:404-410.
[46]程凌,波纹换热管刚度分析及对管板强度的影响[D].南京：南京工业大学,2006
[47]赵万友,接触问题的分析方法研究与工程应用[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2007
[48]游莉,基于虚拟样机技术的可控弯接头的建模和仿真研究[D].西安：西安石油大学,2009