生物多道记录仪信号采集放大系统设计与实现
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摘要
生物多道记录仪作为河南华南医电科技有限公司的主导产品之一,本仪器综合应用最新多媒体计算机技术,先进的电子技术和数字信号处理技术,研制而成的新一代生物实验仪器,是基础医学教学实验设备的理想实验产品。
该系统由计算机、生物信号放大器、刺激器、DSP处理、A/D转换及显示与处理软件构成,可以实现多导生物信号的实时采集、记录和分析等功能。利用生物信号处理系统,从生物机体或有兴奋性的离体组织标本上获取电信号和压力、张力、位移等非电量信号,经过放大、采集、模／数转换及分析处理后,显示及打印实验结果。该系统已广泛使用于生理、药理、病生及临床等的教学与科研实验中。
生物多道记录仪是一台程序可控的、带8通道生物信号采集放大、显示、记录、分析功能,并集成高精度、高可靠性以及宽适用范围的程控刺激仪于一体的设备,是传统医学实验系统(由放大器、记录仪、刺激器和示波器组成)的换代产品。本仪器是一种全新架构的用于生物科研和教学的数据采集与分析仪器,它采用基于USB总路线和超大规模可编程集成电路FPGA技术的结构,实验处理系统由微机、生物多道仪系统硬件和生物多道仪系统软件三个主要部分组成。基于WIN2000/WINXP标准的系统软件通过USB2.0接口完整有效的将硬件采集数据传送到上层应用程序中,采集数据能完整的导入到Windows其它应用程序(Excel, Word),方便数据共享。
人体有很多因素能够影响生物医学信号,生物信号有信号弱、强噪声、很低的频率范围、随机性强这样的特点。所以,就要设计一个稳定高效和低噪声的信号放大器系统来符合设计要求。在生物多道记录仪内,采集到的电信号经过不同类型的放大、滤波(包括高通滤波、低通滤波、特定频率限波)等处理。由于放大器模块与其他模块独立屏蔽,避免受到来自其他模块的信号干扰。然后对处理的信号通过AD转换模块进行数字化,之后可以通过USB2.0传输线将数字信号传送到计算机内部。
信号采集电路采用运放芯片组成滤波和放大电路,运用MC14051、MC14052芯片选通信号频率和放大器反馈电阻电路,达到增益可调的目的。用芯片74HC574组成了程控增益电路,用上位机程序输入信号来控制硬件放大倍数。
本文主要完成了生物多道记录仪信号采集处理电路的设计,其中主要包括高通滤波电路、低通滤波电路与陷波器等组成的滤波电路；MC14052芯片组成的程序可控的前级放大与后级放大电路；74H574芯片组成的控制电路。另外,还记录了电路完成后对其进行信号测试调试的数据记录。
As one of the leading products in Henan Huanan Medical and Electric Technology Co. LTD, biological multi-channel recorder adopts comprehensively the latest media computer technology and advanced electronic technology as well as digital signal processing. It is invented as a new biological experiment instrument and the ideal products for experiments.
This system consists of the computer, biological signal amplifier, stimulator, DSP processing, A/D converter, and software for displaying and disposing. These elements can realize the collection, record and analysis of multi-channel biological signals. By means of the system, it is able to acquire the electric signals and non-electric signals from living organisms or tissue samples with excitability in vitro. They are displayed after being amplified, collected, transferred and analyzed. This system has been widely used for the teaching and scientific experiments for physiology, pharmacology, clinical medicine and so on.
The biological multi-channel recorder is an updated product of traditional system for traditional medical experiments with controlled programs and functions to collect, display, record and analyze eight-channel biological signals. It possesses advantages like high-precision, high-availability and wide scope of application. This instrument is with a new framework used for the collection and analysis of data of biological research and teaching. It applies USB-based general line and the structure with large scale programmable integrated circuit and FPGA technology. Its experimental processing system is composed of three main parts, micro computer, biological multi-channel hardware and software. The WIN2000/WINXP-based system software transmits the data collected by hardware to upper application through USB 2.0 completely and effectively. The data collected can be integrally imported into other applications (Excel, Word) in Windows, which is convenient for data sharing.
There are a large amount of factors in human body which can impact biomedical signals. The human biological signals are generally with the features of weak signals, loud noise, low frequency scope and strong randomicity. So it is feasible to design a stable, effective signal amplifier system with low noise to conform to acquirements. Inside the multi-channel recorder, the collected electrical data are amplified and filtered through different types (including HPF, LPF and limit waves in specified frequency). Te amplifier module and other modules are shielded separately to avoid the interruptions of other modules. Then the disposed signals are digitalized by AD conversation module. Afterward it is able to transmit the digital signals into the computer by means of USB 2.0 transmission lines.
Signal acquisition circuit is composed of filtering and amplifying circuit by use of chips. It applies MC14051, MC14052 chips to feedback resistance circus by selecting the signal frequency and amplifier. As cell-type gain circuits being composed of chip 74HC57, the hardware magnification is simultaneously controlled by upper computer program input signal.
In this essay, it achieves the design of the circuit for the selection and analysis of the signals in the biological multi-channel recorder. The circuit includes HPF circuit, LPF circuit, limit waves in specified frequency and so on. Moreover, it consists of controllable preamp amplifier circuitry and lower amplifier circuitry composed of MC14052 chip and the controlling circuit composed of 74H57. In addition, it records the data of signal testing after completing the circuit.
该系统由计算机、生物信号放大器、刺激器、DSP处理、A/D转换及显示与处理软件构成,可以实现多导生物信号的实时采集、记录和分析等功能。利用生物信号处理系统,从生物机体或有兴奋性的离体组织标本上获取电信号和压力、张力、位移等非电量信号,经过放大、采集、模／数转换及分析处理后,显示及打印实验结果。该系统已广泛使用于生理、药理、病生及临床等的教学与科研实验中。
生物多道记录仪是一台程序可控的、带8通道生物信号采集放大、显示、记录、分析功能,并集成高精度、高可靠性以及宽适用范围的程控刺激仪于一体的设备,是传统医学实验系统(由放大器、记录仪、刺激器和示波器组成)的换代产品。本仪器是一种全新架构的用于生物科研和教学的数据采集与分析仪器,它采用基于USB总路线和超大规模可编程集成电路FPGA技术的结构,实验处理系统由微机、生物多道仪系统硬件和生物多道仪系统软件三个主要部分组成。基于WIN2000/WINXP标准的系统软件通过USB2.0接口完整有效的将硬件采集数据传送到上层应用程序中,采集数据能完整的导入到Windows其它应用程序(Excel, Word),方便数据共享。
人体有很多因素能够影响生物医学信号,生物信号有信号弱、强噪声、很低的频率范围、随机性强这样的特点。所以,就要设计一个稳定高效和低噪声的信号放大器系统来符合设计要求。在生物多道记录仪内,采集到的电信号经过不同类型的放大、滤波(包括高通滤波、低通滤波、特定频率限波)等处理。由于放大器模块与其他模块独立屏蔽,避免受到来自其他模块的信号干扰。然后对处理的信号通过AD转换模块进行数字化,之后可以通过USB2.0传输线将数字信号传送到计算机内部。
信号采集电路采用运放芯片组成滤波和放大电路,运用MC14051、MC14052芯片选通信号频率和放大器反馈电阻电路,达到增益可调的目的。用芯片74HC574组成了程控增益电路,用上位机程序输入信号来控制硬件放大倍数。
本文主要完成了生物多道记录仪信号采集处理电路的设计,其中主要包括高通滤波电路、低通滤波电路与陷波器等组成的滤波电路；MC14052芯片组成的程序可控的前级放大与后级放大电路；74H574芯片组成的控制电路。另外,还记录了电路完成后对其进行信号测试调试的数据记录。
As one of the leading products in Henan Huanan Medical and Electric Technology Co. LTD, biological multi-channel recorder adopts comprehensively the latest media computer technology and advanced electronic technology as well as digital signal processing. It is invented as a new biological experiment instrument and the ideal products for experiments.
This system consists of the computer, biological signal amplifier, stimulator, DSP processing, A/D converter, and software for displaying and disposing. These elements can realize the collection, record and analysis of multi-channel biological signals. By means of the system, it is able to acquire the electric signals and non-electric signals from living organisms or tissue samples with excitability in vitro. They are displayed after being amplified, collected, transferred and analyzed. This system has been widely used for the teaching and scientific experiments for physiology, pharmacology, clinical medicine and so on.
The biological multi-channel recorder is an updated product of traditional system for traditional medical experiments with controlled programs and functions to collect, display, record and analyze eight-channel biological signals. It possesses advantages like high-precision, high-availability and wide scope of application. This instrument is with a new framework used for the collection and analysis of data of biological research and teaching. It applies USB-based general line and the structure with large scale programmable integrated circuit and FPGA technology. Its experimental processing system is composed of three main parts, micro computer, biological multi-channel hardware and software. The WIN2000/WINXP-based system software transmits the data collected by hardware to upper application through USB 2.0 completely and effectively. The data collected can be integrally imported into other applications (Excel, Word) in Windows, which is convenient for data sharing.
There are a large amount of factors in human body which can impact biomedical signals. The human biological signals are generally with the features of weak signals, loud noise, low frequency scope and strong randomicity. So it is feasible to design a stable, effective signal amplifier system with low noise to conform to acquirements. Inside the multi-channel recorder, the collected electrical data are amplified and filtered through different types (including HPF, LPF and limit waves in specified frequency). Te amplifier module and other modules are shielded separately to avoid the interruptions of other modules. Then the disposed signals are digitalized by AD conversation module. Afterward it is able to transmit the digital signals into the computer by means of USB 2.0 transmission lines.
Signal acquisition circuit is composed of filtering and amplifying circuit by use of chips. It applies MC14051, MC14052 chips to feedback resistance circus by selecting the signal frequency and amplifier. As cell-type gain circuits being composed of chip 74HC57, the hardware magnification is simultaneously controlled by upper computer program input signal.
In this essay, it achieves the design of the circuit for the selection and analysis of the signals in the biological multi-channel recorder. The circuit includes HPF circuit, LPF circuit, limit waves in specified frequency and so on. Moreover, it consists of controllable preamp amplifier circuitry and lower amplifier circuitry composed of MC14052 chip and the controlling circuit composed of 74H57. In addition, it records the data of signal testing after completing the circuit.
引文
[1]Ja-an Annie Ho; Shi-Chin Zeng Liposome-based immunostrip for the rapid detection of Salmonella [J] 2008-05 Springer期刊
[2]Dr D. Dobrev Two-electrode low supply voltage electrocardiogram signal amplifier [J] Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 2004-03 Springer期刊
[3]Zhang Yuancheng; Li Jixing; Song Qian Digital optical signal amplifier using an Er-doped fiber optical bistable device [J] 1997-03 Springer期刊
[4]MOATASEM Momtaz. Quadrature Kalman Filter(QKF) and Reduced Quadrature Kalman Filter(R-QKF) in Ballistic Target Tracking. Computer Aided Drafting; Design and Manufacturing.2007, (12)
[5]赵明洪.通信高功率放大模块设计.西南交通大学.2010,(05)
[6]魏金宝,杨海钢,韩泾鸿.偏置模式可编程的ISFET集成放大器设计.电子器件.2007,(04)
[7]何红松.基于低频小信号检测的CMOS放大器设计.湖南科技学院学报.2005,(11)
[8]高军哲,潘孟春,罗飞路.应用于微弱涡流信号检测的正交锁定放大器设计.无损检测.2010,(09)
[10]刘志珍,杨志坚,于爱国.新型可控无源滤波器的实验研究.电力电子技术.2005,(06)
[11]田秀珍.电子电路中放大器设计的一般原则.山西电子技术,2001,(06)
[12]李世峰,刘锋,王高峰,叶双莉.一种新型MEMS可调滤波器的设计.微纳电子技术.2010,(11)
[13]王庆平,陈超英,王金星,王汝英.无源滤波器设计的优化方法及其仿真研究.电网技术.2001,(10)
[14]卢容德,易国华.有源参差带通滤波器设计.长江大学学报(自科版).2005,(01)
[15]张东,吕征宇,陈国柱.并联有源电力滤波器直流侧电容电压控制.电力电子技术.2007,(10)
[16]马长波,等,新型多通道双相体外肌肉刺激器的设计[J].中国康复医学杂志,2006,21(7)：646～648.
[17]陈马丁,等,体外感应供电神经肌肉刺激器的研制[J].第四军医大学学报,2001,22(18)：1725～1726.
[18]龙兴明,一种生物刺激器的设计及实现[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,21(3)：
[19]周广清,等,单相恒流脉冲神经刺激器的设计[J].医疗卫生装备2003,24(12)：31-34.
[20]汤黎明,等,基于DDS技术的神经阈值刺激仪的研制[J].北京生物医学工 程,2003,22(3)：191～194,197.
[21]彭松,等,微机化程控心脏刺激仪的研制[J].中国医疗器械杂志2001.25(5)：272-275.
[22]郑懿,等,一种基于MCU及CPLD平台的程控多道电生理刺激仪[J].中国医疗器械杂志,2008,32(1)：32～34.
[23]刘冠卿等.临床心电图学入门.湖北人民出版社.1981
[24]杨鼎颐等.人工心脏穆搏和临床心脏电生理学,西北大学出版社,1985
[25]黎昕,郑宏军.集成运算放大器的选择策略与应用技术[J].仪表技术,2005,(03)
[26]徐梅.如何选择运算放大器[J].高校实验室工作研究,2001,(02)
[27]宋世全.集成运算放大器的选择与使用的探讨[J].广州航海高等专科学校学报,2004,(01).
[28]汪仁里.运算放大器设计实例[J].电子制作,2009,(02)
[29]熊伟林.集成运算放大器典型应用电路[J].电子制作,2007,(03)
[30]向俐霞.集成运算放大器应用详解[J].科技创新导报,2008,(23)
[31]陈林.对运算放大器的分析及调试[J].新余高专学报,2004,(02)
[32]刘邦彦.集成运算放大器的选择[J].世界电子元器件,2001,(02)
[2]Dr D. Dobrev Two-electrode low supply voltage electrocardiogram signal amplifier [J] Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 2004-03 Springer期刊
[3]Zhang Yuancheng; Li Jixing; Song Qian Digital optical signal amplifier using an Er-doped fiber optical bistable device [J] 1997-03 Springer期刊
[4]MOATASEM Momtaz. Quadrature Kalman Filter(QKF) and Reduced Quadrature Kalman Filter(R-QKF) in Ballistic Target Tracking. Computer Aided Drafting; Design and Manufacturing.2007, (12)
[5]赵明洪.通信高功率放大模块设计.西南交通大学.2010,(05)
[6]魏金宝,杨海钢,韩泾鸿.偏置模式可编程的ISFET集成放大器设计.电子器件.2007,(04)
[7]何红松.基于低频小信号检测的CMOS放大器设计.湖南科技学院学报.2005,(11)
[8]高军哲,潘孟春,罗飞路.应用于微弱涡流信号检测的正交锁定放大器设计.无损检测.2010,(09)
[10]刘志珍,杨志坚,于爱国.新型可控无源滤波器的实验研究.电力电子技术.2005,(06)
[11]田秀珍.电子电路中放大器设计的一般原则.山西电子技术,2001,(06)
[12]李世峰,刘锋,王高峰,叶双莉.一种新型MEMS可调滤波器的设计.微纳电子技术.2010,(11)
[13]王庆平,陈超英,王金星,王汝英.无源滤波器设计的优化方法及其仿真研究.电网技术.2001,(10)
[14]卢容德,易国华.有源参差带通滤波器设计.长江大学学报(自科版).2005,(01)
[15]张东,吕征宇,陈国柱.并联有源电力滤波器直流侧电容电压控制.电力电子技术.2007,(10)
[16]马长波,等,新型多通道双相体外肌肉刺激器的设计[J].中国康复医学杂志,2006,21(7)：646～648.
[17]陈马丁,等,体外感应供电神经肌肉刺激器的研制[J].第四军医大学学报,2001,22(18)：1725～1726.
[18]龙兴明,一种生物刺激器的设计及实现[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,21(3)：
[19]周广清,等,单相恒流脉冲神经刺激器的设计[J].医疗卫生装备2003,24(12)：31-34.
[20]汤黎明,等,基于DDS技术的神经阈值刺激仪的研制[J].北京生物医学工 程,2003,22(3)：191～194,197.
[21]彭松,等,微机化程控心脏刺激仪的研制[J].中国医疗器械杂志2001.25(5)：272-275.
[22]郑懿,等,一种基于MCU及CPLD平台的程控多道电生理刺激仪[J].中国医疗器械杂志,2008,32(1)：32～34.
[23]刘冠卿等.临床心电图学入门.湖北人民出版社.1981
[24]杨鼎颐等.人工心脏穆搏和临床心脏电生理学,西北大学出版社,1985
[25]黎昕,郑宏军.集成运算放大器的选择策略与应用技术[J].仪表技术,2005,(03)
[26]徐梅.如何选择运算放大器[J].高校实验室工作研究,2001,(02)
[27]宋世全.集成运算放大器的选择与使用的探讨[J].广州航海高等专科学校学报,2004,(01).
[28]汪仁里.运算放大器设计实例[J].电子制作,2009,(02)
[29]熊伟林.集成运算放大器典型应用电路[J].电子制作,2007,(03)
[30]向俐霞.集成运算放大器应用详解[J].科技创新导报,2008,(23)
[31]陈林.对运算放大器的分析及调试[J].新余高专学报,2004,(02)
[32]刘邦彦.集成运算放大器的选择[J].世界电子元器件,2001,(02)