黔南—桂中地区泥盆系层序地层及其格架中的储集体特征研究
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摘要
以沉积学、碳酸岩石学、层序地层学、储层沉积学等理论为指导,以黔南—桂中地区泥盆系碳酸盐岩地层为研究对象,系统开展了沉积体系、层序地层、岩相古地理、层序格架中的储集体类型和分布特征等研究工作。
通过对研究区大量的野外剖面、区域沉积、构造资料的分析,根据研究区内沉积岩石类型、沉积构造、剖面结构等,在研究区泥盆系中共识别出4种沉积体系:陆棚体系、台地体系、台盆体系和台坡体系。同时划分为相应的若干沉积相、亚相、微相。陆棚体系中以发育混积陆棚为主,台地体系为研究区内最具特色、分布最广泛的沉积体系,而台盆体系是研究区最特色的沉积相,由于研究区台盆水体深浅及物源供给量的变化,形成了多种沉积组合类型和剖面结构,并从成因和岩相可以划分:泥岩—陆屑浊积岩型、泥质—硅质岩型、泥岩-泥灰岩型、硅质岩—灰岩型台盆等。
通过对研究区层序界面的研究表明,研究区层序界面的表现形式主要为:古风化壳、古喀斯特作用面、斜坡重力流冲刷侵蚀面、岩性和岩相转换面、上超面、最大海泛面。结合层序界面特征,对研究区泥盆系地层进行了层序划分,共划分2个超(二级)层序和18个三级层序,其中SS1超层序包括10个三级层序:DSQ1—DSQ10,可以识别出三个体系域:LST,TST,HST。SS2超层序包括8个三级层序:DSQ11一DSQ18,识别出两个体系域:TST,HST。并讨论了各层序特征。在此基础上进行了层序地层对比,建立了等时层序地层格架;讨论了研究区层序发育的控制因素:海平面变化、构造沉降、沉积物供给、气候等。
通过对区域内沉积作用、沉积—层序对比研究表明:自早泥盆世晚期的大规模海侵事件之后,形成了明显的空间分异,在不同的沉积背景中所发育的三级沉积层序具有不同的相序组构特点。以体系域为单位系统编制层序岩相古地理图。编图表明:从南到北研究区沉积环境由古陆经浅水台地相演变为深水台盆变化趋势,研究区泥盆系呈现台盆交错的沉积格局。
在层序格架中对研究区内的储集体类型进行了总结,主要包括生物礁(滩)储层、白云岩储层和缝洞型储层等三种类型。生物礁(滩)储层主要在同沉积构造活动带的上升盘,并沿台地边缘呈叠置丘礁发育。分布在孤立台地和斜坡的白云岩储层具有比较好的尤其储集条件。缝洞型储层主要分布在礁(滩)岩相段、断层两侧附近或者褶皱核部附近,构造活动控制作用明显。影响储层因素主要为海平面变化、沉积相、成岩后生作用、溶蚀作用等;其中海平面变化影响储层在格架中的时空分布与规律,沉积相带中储集条件优劣顺序为:台缘礁→台内滩→台缘滩→斜坡→台地→缓坡→海槽。成岩后生作用中胶结作用、重结晶作用破坏有利储层,而溶蚀作用、白云石化作用影响了储层物性和分布,使其向有利方向发展。
在对研究区沉积相、层序岩相古地理、层序地层综合研究的基础上,对层序格架中的储集体的成因类型进行了总结归纳归纳:①与低水位体系域相关的储层②与海侵体系域有关的储层,③与高水位体系域相关的储层。有利的储集体主要有TST礁滩灰岩储集体、HST礁滩灰岩、白云岩储集体。在上述基础上,对研究区有利区块进行了预测。
Under the guidance of new principles and methods of modern Carbonate Petrology, Sedimentology, Sequence Stratigraphy and Reservoir Sedimentology, this thesis has taken the strata of Devonian in Southern Guizhou and Middle Guangxi area as the main targets of the study and has carried out detailed research work on sedimentary systems, sequence stratigraphy, lithofacies-paleogeography, reservoir characteristics under Sequence Stratigrapy Framework.
Based on the core, geology logging, areal geology from many field-profiles and wells, combined with the data of regional sediment and structure, according to the analysis of the characteristics of different rocks, sedimentary structure and profile framework, four types of sedimentary system including shelf system, platform system, platform-basin system and platform-slope system have been recognized , and various facies, subfacies and microfacies developed in each system have also been discussed. melange shelf facies mainly develop in the shelf system. platform-basin system is the mose characteristic. Because of the change of the water depth and sedimentary sources, many kinds of sedimentary combination and cross section have formed,. Based on the origin and lithofacies, the types of platform-basin included mud stone-turbidite、mud stone- silicalite、mud stone- marlstone、silicalite- limestone have been identified.
Based on the study of sequcence boundaries, the types of the sequcence boundaries can be included weathering crust、Action surface of ancient karst、Washing erosionsurface of gravity flow on slop、Transition surface of rock character and facies、on-lop surface、mfs. Depending on the recognization and characteristics of sequcence boundaries, the Devonian stratum of Southern Guizhou and Middle Guangxi area can be divided into 2 second-order and 18 third-order sequences, No.1 second-order includes 10 third-order(from No.1 to No.10) and 3 Systems tract included LST, TST、HST. No.2 second-order includes 8 third-order(from No. 11 to No. 18) and 2 Systems tract included TST、HST. whose system tracts have been detailedly discussed. Sequence stratigraphic correlation through the study area has been implemented and the isochronous sequence stratigraphic frameworks have been established. The following four have been discussed as emphases: sea-level changing, tectonic settlement, sediment supply and climate and their models have been produced respectively..
Have drawn the picture of lithofacies-paleogeography and sequence stratigraphy based on regional Sedimentology and the contrast of Sedimentology Sequence stratigraphic. From the date of large-scale marine transgression in the later of Lower Devonian,space is different of the another. Third-order sequence have different facies association in the different sedimentation setting. depositional environment changed from shallow water platform to deepwater platform-basin from south to north. platform interleaving platform-basin in Devonian System is unique feature.
Reservoir Types have been generalized which mainly include: biogenic reef reservoir, carbonate reservoir, hole-cavity reservoir. biogenic reef reservoir distributing on the hanging side and develop superposition reef along the platform margin. carbonate reservoir in the isolated platform and slope is best reservoir. Different reservoir have different control facters. biogenic reef reservoir,and carbonate reservoir are mainly effected by the change of sea level, sedimentary facies, diagenesis. hole-cavity reservoir developments in karstified carbonate and on both sides of dislocation and in the core corrugation,which is controlled by tectonism. mean sea-level changes influence temporal and spatial distribution and rule of the reservoir in the Sequence stratigrphy framework. The gradation of the best reservoir in the different precipitation facies is generalized from platform margin reef、beach in the platform、platform margin beach、slop、platform、ocean trough. Compaction solution and cementation of calcite destroy reservoir, dolomitization and dissolution effect meliorate reservoir
Based on sedimentary facies and sequence stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy lithofacies-paleogeography, under the sequcence stratigraphic framwork, the different kinds of reservoirs origin have been generalized:1. reservoir controlled by interface of sequence stratigraphy 2. reservoir relating TST 3. reservoir relating HST .Result shows that the favorite reservoirs include reef and bank carbonate reservoir developed during TST and reef and bank carbonate reservoir, dolomite reservoir developed during HST, Based on study of those, favorable targets have be forecasted
通过对研究区大量的野外剖面、区域沉积、构造资料的分析,根据研究区内沉积岩石类型、沉积构造、剖面结构等,在研究区泥盆系中共识别出4种沉积体系:陆棚体系、台地体系、台盆体系和台坡体系。同时划分为相应的若干沉积相、亚相、微相。陆棚体系中以发育混积陆棚为主,台地体系为研究区内最具特色、分布最广泛的沉积体系,而台盆体系是研究区最特色的沉积相,由于研究区台盆水体深浅及物源供给量的变化,形成了多种沉积组合类型和剖面结构,并从成因和岩相可以划分:泥岩—陆屑浊积岩型、泥质—硅质岩型、泥岩-泥灰岩型、硅质岩—灰岩型台盆等。
通过对研究区层序界面的研究表明,研究区层序界面的表现形式主要为:古风化壳、古喀斯特作用面、斜坡重力流冲刷侵蚀面、岩性和岩相转换面、上超面、最大海泛面。结合层序界面特征,对研究区泥盆系地层进行了层序划分,共划分2个超(二级)层序和18个三级层序,其中SS1超层序包括10个三级层序:DSQ1—DSQ10,可以识别出三个体系域:LST,TST,HST。SS2超层序包括8个三级层序:DSQ11一DSQ18,识别出两个体系域:TST,HST。并讨论了各层序特征。在此基础上进行了层序地层对比,建立了等时层序地层格架;讨论了研究区层序发育的控制因素:海平面变化、构造沉降、沉积物供给、气候等。
通过对区域内沉积作用、沉积—层序对比研究表明:自早泥盆世晚期的大规模海侵事件之后,形成了明显的空间分异,在不同的沉积背景中所发育的三级沉积层序具有不同的相序组构特点。以体系域为单位系统编制层序岩相古地理图。编图表明:从南到北研究区沉积环境由古陆经浅水台地相演变为深水台盆变化趋势,研究区泥盆系呈现台盆交错的沉积格局。
在层序格架中对研究区内的储集体类型进行了总结,主要包括生物礁(滩)储层、白云岩储层和缝洞型储层等三种类型。生物礁(滩)储层主要在同沉积构造活动带的上升盘,并沿台地边缘呈叠置丘礁发育。分布在孤立台地和斜坡的白云岩储层具有比较好的尤其储集条件。缝洞型储层主要分布在礁(滩)岩相段、断层两侧附近或者褶皱核部附近,构造活动控制作用明显。影响储层因素主要为海平面变化、沉积相、成岩后生作用、溶蚀作用等;其中海平面变化影响储层在格架中的时空分布与规律,沉积相带中储集条件优劣顺序为:台缘礁→台内滩→台缘滩→斜坡→台地→缓坡→海槽。成岩后生作用中胶结作用、重结晶作用破坏有利储层,而溶蚀作用、白云石化作用影响了储层物性和分布,使其向有利方向发展。
在对研究区沉积相、层序岩相古地理、层序地层综合研究的基础上,对层序格架中的储集体的成因类型进行了总结归纳归纳:①与低水位体系域相关的储层②与海侵体系域有关的储层,③与高水位体系域相关的储层。有利的储集体主要有TST礁滩灰岩储集体、HST礁滩灰岩、白云岩储集体。在上述基础上,对研究区有利区块进行了预测。
Under the guidance of new principles and methods of modern Carbonate Petrology, Sedimentology, Sequence Stratigraphy and Reservoir Sedimentology, this thesis has taken the strata of Devonian in Southern Guizhou and Middle Guangxi area as the main targets of the study and has carried out detailed research work on sedimentary systems, sequence stratigraphy, lithofacies-paleogeography, reservoir characteristics under Sequence Stratigrapy Framework.
Based on the core, geology logging, areal geology from many field-profiles and wells, combined with the data of regional sediment and structure, according to the analysis of the characteristics of different rocks, sedimentary structure and profile framework, four types of sedimentary system including shelf system, platform system, platform-basin system and platform-slope system have been recognized , and various facies, subfacies and microfacies developed in each system have also been discussed. melange shelf facies mainly develop in the shelf system. platform-basin system is the mose characteristic. Because of the change of the water depth and sedimentary sources, many kinds of sedimentary combination and cross section have formed,. Based on the origin and lithofacies, the types of platform-basin included mud stone-turbidite、mud stone- silicalite、mud stone- marlstone、silicalite- limestone have been identified.
Based on the study of sequcence boundaries, the types of the sequcence boundaries can be included weathering crust、Action surface of ancient karst、Washing erosionsurface of gravity flow on slop、Transition surface of rock character and facies、on-lop surface、mfs. Depending on the recognization and characteristics of sequcence boundaries, the Devonian stratum of Southern Guizhou and Middle Guangxi area can be divided into 2 second-order and 18 third-order sequences, No.1 second-order includes 10 third-order(from No.1 to No.10) and 3 Systems tract included LST, TST、HST. No.2 second-order includes 8 third-order(from No. 11 to No. 18) and 2 Systems tract included TST、HST. whose system tracts have been detailedly discussed. Sequence stratigraphic correlation through the study area has been implemented and the isochronous sequence stratigraphic frameworks have been established. The following four have been discussed as emphases: sea-level changing, tectonic settlement, sediment supply and climate and their models have been produced respectively..
Have drawn the picture of lithofacies-paleogeography and sequence stratigraphy based on regional Sedimentology and the contrast of Sedimentology Sequence stratigraphic. From the date of large-scale marine transgression in the later of Lower Devonian,space is different of the another. Third-order sequence have different facies association in the different sedimentation setting. depositional environment changed from shallow water platform to deepwater platform-basin from south to north. platform interleaving platform-basin in Devonian System is unique feature.
Reservoir Types have been generalized which mainly include: biogenic reef reservoir, carbonate reservoir, hole-cavity reservoir. biogenic reef reservoir distributing on the hanging side and develop superposition reef along the platform margin. carbonate reservoir in the isolated platform and slope is best reservoir. Different reservoir have different control facters. biogenic reef reservoir,and carbonate reservoir are mainly effected by the change of sea level, sedimentary facies, diagenesis. hole-cavity reservoir developments in karstified carbonate and on both sides of dislocation and in the core corrugation,which is controlled by tectonism. mean sea-level changes influence temporal and spatial distribution and rule of the reservoir in the Sequence stratigrphy framework. The gradation of the best reservoir in the different precipitation facies is generalized from platform margin reef、beach in the platform、platform margin beach、slop、platform、ocean trough. Compaction solution and cementation of calcite destroy reservoir, dolomitization and dissolution effect meliorate reservoir
Based on sedimentary facies and sequence stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy lithofacies-paleogeography, under the sequcence stratigraphic framwork, the different kinds of reservoirs origin have been generalized:1. reservoir controlled by interface of sequence stratigraphy 2. reservoir relating TST 3. reservoir relating HST .Result shows that the favorite reservoirs include reef and bank carbonate reservoir developed during TST and reef and bank carbonate reservoir, dolomite reservoir developed during HST, Based on study of those, favorable targets have be forecasted
引文
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