川东北地区普光气田飞仙关组层序地层与储层精细研究
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摘要
在前人研究的基础上,通过区调报告查阅、野外露头观察以及钻井资料整理等工作,认识到川东北地区飞仙关组沉积格局与长兴组时期具有明显的继承性,开江—梁平陆棚向南与广海贯通,其东侧台地具孤立台地性质,飞仙关组沉积格局演化主要特征表现为开江—梁平陆棚的填平补齐和台地的均一化,飞一—飞二段各台地具镶边台地性质,飞三—飞四段转变为陆表海台地性质。在沉积格局认识的基础上,利用层序地层学的原理和方法,通过露头、钻井岩芯和测井曲线上岩相分析,将川东北地区飞仙关组划分为2个三级层序,且两个三级层序都分别发育低水位体系域、海侵体系域和高水位体系域,各体系域在不同的沉积相带具有不同的特征,对普光地区进行了高频层序研究,划分为11个四级层序、20个五级层序,进一步建立了研究区飞仙关组三级层序地层格架和普光地区高频层序地层格架。结合井剖面层序地层研究成果,以及普光地区飞仙关组地震层序和地震相研究成果,进行滩体的精细刻划,认识到开江—梁平陆棚两侧的台地边缘滩演化存在差异,陆棚西侧台地边缘滩以前积发育为特征,陆棚东侧台地边缘滩则以加积为主;滩体发育分布受高频层序控制,主要发育于四级层序和五级层序的中上部。上层序高水位体系域中部少量滩体可发育于四级层序和五级层序的中下部。充分引进现代岩矿测试分析技术,岩石学特征与地球化学特征研究相结合,成岩作用、储层成因演化与层序及海平面变化、油气成藏研究相综合,认识到普光地区飞仙关组储层经历多种成岩作用,其中胶结作用、溶蚀作用和白云石化作用对储层的形成和质量起到主要影响,溶蚀作用包括同生期大气水溶蚀作用和埋藏期溶蚀作用,前者与层序演化具有重要关系,且滩体为其主要发生场所,后者主要在前者的基础上进行;白云石化作用存在多种模式和多期次的特征,主要包括:蒸发泵机制、渗透回流机制、大气水海水混合机制和埋藏机制,前三者的发育条件及分布特征与层序演化和沉积格局展布有重要关系,埋藏白云石化作用对储层质量的改造作用明显;普光地区飞仙关组储层形成机制主要包括以下几方面:受三级层序海平面变化控制的台地边缘滩和台内滩构成了最主要的有利储层形成相带;同生期大气水溶蚀作用为储层形成的首要机制;埋藏期溶蚀作用对储层规模扩大及储层质量改善起到重要作用;白云石化作用对储层质量起重要改善作用。进而,通过单井剖面储层解剖和不同井剖面储层发育对比图的编制,认识到飞仙关组储层主要分布于下层序高水位体系域中上部和上层序高水位体系域中下部,海侵体系域少有发育;主要发育于四级层序和五级层序中上部。通过储层物性资料分析和测井储层参数分析相结合,认识到普光地区飞仙关组储层总体物性较好,且下层序中储层物性明显要好于上层序,不同沉积相类型的不同岩石类型物性差异较大,台缘滩鲕粒云岩的物性最好,台缘滩细—粗晶云岩居次,接着为台内滩鲕粒灰岩,以开阔台地灰岩和泥灰岩最差;最后,在储层质量控制因素探讨的基础上,进一步对普光地区进行了五级层序单元内储层质量的平面刻划。
Based on the former study, by referring to the geological survey reports, observation of the outcrops, and the data of the wells, and so on, it is known that the sedimentary framework of the Feixianguan Foramation inherit the characteristics of Changxin Formation's in the northeast of the Sichuan Basin, the Kaijiang-Liangping "continental shelf links southwardly to the ocean, the platform in the east of which is isolated, and the main evolution feature of the sedimentary framework of the Feixianguan Formation in the northeast of the Sichuan Basin is the transformation of the Kaijiang-Liangping "Continental shelf to the platform, i.e. the platforms is rimmed during the 1st and 2nd section of the Feixianguan Formation, however, it is a whole epicontinental platform during the 3rd and 4th section of the Feixianguan Formation. Based on the knowledge of the sedimentary framework, using the principle and methods of the sequence stratigraphy, by means of the analysis of the lithology- sedimentary in the outcrops, the core, and the well-logging, the Feixianguan Formation in the northeast of the Sichuan Basin is divided into 2 3rd-order sequences, and each sequence includes LST, TST, and HST, which have the district characteristics in the different sedimentary, respectively, and the Feixianguan Formation is divided into 11 4th-order sequences, and 20 5th-order sequences in the Puguang area,. Furthermore, the frameworks of the 3rd-order sequence and the high-frequency sequence are built for the study area and the Puguang Oilfield, respectively. By integrating the outcome of the sequence stratigraphic study in the wells and outcrop sections, and the research on the seismic sequence and seismic facies in the Puguang area, which make it clear that the evolution of shoal is different between the bilateral platform margins of the Kaijiang-Liangping "continental shelf in the lower sequence, which is progradation in the west one, and is aggradation in the east one, the elaborate distribution of the shoals in the high-frequency sequence framework is figured out in the Puguang area. The development and distribution of the shoal is controlled by the high-frequency, which occur mainly in the middle and upper of the 4th-order and 5th-order sequence, moreover, some shoals are recognized in the lower and middle of 4th-order and 5th-order sequence in the middle HST of the upper sequence. By means of the modern analytical technology of rock and mineral, by integrating the study of the lithology and geochemistry, linking the diagenesis and the evolution of the reservoir with the study of the sequence stratigraphy, the change of sea level, and hydrocarbon accumulation, and so on, it is revealed that the reservoir of the Feixianguan Formation in the northeast of the Sichuan Basin suffered many kinds of the diagenesis, especially, the cementation, the dissolution, and the dolomitization influenced greatly on the formation and quality of the reservoir. The dissolution happened during the syngenesis and burial, the former occurs in the shoal mainly, which is controlled by the sequence, and, the latter occurs based on the former. The dolomitization mechanism include evaporation marine, refluxion, mixed meteoric-marine waters, and burial, thereinto, the development and distribution of the three formers are related to the evolution of the sequence and the distribution of the sedimentary framework, the last one influenced on the quality of the reservoir obviously. The formation mechanism of the reservoir of the Feixianguan Formation in the Puguang gas-field can be summarized as follows: the platform margin shoals and the platform interior shoals that are controlled by the sea-level change of the 3rd-order sequence are the most favorable sedimentary facies of the reservoir, the syngenesis dissolution by the meteoric water is the chief formation mechanism of the reservoir, the burial dissolution react greatly on the melioration of the dimensions and quality of the reservoir, and the dolomitization promotes the quality of the reservoir mainly. Furthermore, by recognizing the reservoir in well section and contrasting the reservoir sections between the wells, it is known that the reservoirs of the Feixianguan Formation occur mainly in the middle and upper of the HST in lower sequence and in the lower and middle of the HST in upper sequence, singularly in the TST, and all of them occur mostly in the middle and upper of the 4th-order and 5th-order sequence. By integrating the analysis of the physical property of the reservoir and the study of the reservoir parameters by the well-logging, it is known that the physical property of the reservoirs in Feixianguan Formation in the Puguang gas-field is excellent as a whole, and the physical property of the reservoirs in the lower sequence is better than in the upper sequence remarkably, furthermore, there are the prominent differences between the physical properties of the different kinds of the lithology, which deposited on the different sedimentary facies, i.e. the physical property of the oolite-dolostone deposited on the platform margin shoal is best, the crystalline-dolostone takes the second place, the third is the oolite-limestone deposited on the platform interior shoal, and the limestone and marlite are the worst. At the last, according to the discussion of the controlling factors of the physical property of the reservoir, the research on the distribution of the physical property of the reservoir in the Puguang area is achieved in the different 5th-order sequence cell, respectively.
Based on the former study, by referring to the geological survey reports, observation of the outcrops, and the data of the wells, and so on, it is known that the sedimentary framework of the Feixianguan Foramation inherit the characteristics of Changxin Formation's in the northeast of the Sichuan Basin, the Kaijiang-Liangping "continental shelf links southwardly to the ocean, the platform in the east of which is isolated, and the main evolution feature of the sedimentary framework of the Feixianguan Formation in the northeast of the Sichuan Basin is the transformation of the Kaijiang-Liangping "Continental shelf to the platform, i.e. the platforms is rimmed during the 1st and 2nd section of the Feixianguan Formation, however, it is a whole epicontinental platform during the 3rd and 4th section of the Feixianguan Formation. Based on the knowledge of the sedimentary framework, using the principle and methods of the sequence stratigraphy, by means of the analysis of the lithology- sedimentary in the outcrops, the core, and the well-logging, the Feixianguan Formation in the northeast of the Sichuan Basin is divided into 2 3rd-order sequences, and each sequence includes LST, TST, and HST, which have the district characteristics in the different sedimentary, respectively, and the Feixianguan Formation is divided into 11 4th-order sequences, and 20 5th-order sequences in the Puguang area,. Furthermore, the frameworks of the 3rd-order sequence and the high-frequency sequence are built for the study area and the Puguang Oilfield, respectively. By integrating the outcome of the sequence stratigraphic study in the wells and outcrop sections, and the research on the seismic sequence and seismic facies in the Puguang area, which make it clear that the evolution of shoal is different between the bilateral platform margins of the Kaijiang-Liangping "continental shelf in the lower sequence, which is progradation in the west one, and is aggradation in the east one, the elaborate distribution of the shoals in the high-frequency sequence framework is figured out in the Puguang area. The development and distribution of the shoal is controlled by the high-frequency, which occur mainly in the middle and upper of the 4th-order and 5th-order sequence, moreover, some shoals are recognized in the lower and middle of 4th-order and 5th-order sequence in the middle HST of the upper sequence. By means of the modern analytical technology of rock and mineral, by integrating the study of the lithology and geochemistry, linking the diagenesis and the evolution of the reservoir with the study of the sequence stratigraphy, the change of sea level, and hydrocarbon accumulation, and so on, it is revealed that the reservoir of the Feixianguan Formation in the northeast of the Sichuan Basin suffered many kinds of the diagenesis, especially, the cementation, the dissolution, and the dolomitization influenced greatly on the formation and quality of the reservoir. The dissolution happened during the syngenesis and burial, the former occurs in the shoal mainly, which is controlled by the sequence, and, the latter occurs based on the former. The dolomitization mechanism include evaporation marine, refluxion, mixed meteoric-marine waters, and burial, thereinto, the development and distribution of the three formers are related to the evolution of the sequence and the distribution of the sedimentary framework, the last one influenced on the quality of the reservoir obviously. The formation mechanism of the reservoir of the Feixianguan Formation in the Puguang gas-field can be summarized as follows: the platform margin shoals and the platform interior shoals that are controlled by the sea-level change of the 3rd-order sequence are the most favorable sedimentary facies of the reservoir, the syngenesis dissolution by the meteoric water is the chief formation mechanism of the reservoir, the burial dissolution react greatly on the melioration of the dimensions and quality of the reservoir, and the dolomitization promotes the quality of the reservoir mainly. Furthermore, by recognizing the reservoir in well section and contrasting the reservoir sections between the wells, it is known that the reservoirs of the Feixianguan Formation occur mainly in the middle and upper of the HST in lower sequence and in the lower and middle of the HST in upper sequence, singularly in the TST, and all of them occur mostly in the middle and upper of the 4th-order and 5th-order sequence. By integrating the analysis of the physical property of the reservoir and the study of the reservoir parameters by the well-logging, it is known that the physical property of the reservoirs in Feixianguan Formation in the Puguang gas-field is excellent as a whole, and the physical property of the reservoirs in the lower sequence is better than in the upper sequence remarkably, furthermore, there are the prominent differences between the physical properties of the different kinds of the lithology, which deposited on the different sedimentary facies, i.e. the physical property of the oolite-dolostone deposited on the platform margin shoal is best, the crystalline-dolostone takes the second place, the third is the oolite-limestone deposited on the platform interior shoal, and the limestone and marlite are the worst. At the last, according to the discussion of the controlling factors of the physical property of the reservoir, the research on the distribution of the physical property of the reservoir in the Puguang area is achieved in the different 5th-order sequence cell, respectively.
引文
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