川北地区中三叠统层序、沉积相及储层研究
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摘要
中三叠统作为四川盆地油气勘探钻遇的第一套海相地层,对认识和掌握该盆地海相油气分布特征具有重要作用。本文以沉积岩石学、高频层序地层学原理为基础,利用钻井取芯、岩屑录井、地球物理测井等资料,采用岩性描述、层序地层划分、A/S分析、层序-沉积相分析等手段,对中三叠层序特征、沉积相特征进行分析,建立全区三级及高频层序地层格架,总结了中三叠时期沉积模式。并以之为理论基础对储层的分布、级别进行了初步描述,获取了有关中三叠地层特征新的认识。
据大量岩心、薄片观察及测井及试井资料等认识到,中三叠统岩性以云岩、膏质云岩、膏岩、泥质云岩、白云质灰岩为主;颗粒结构不太发育,主要颗粒有藻屑、砂屑,偶见鲕粒以及生物碎屑。在西缘和中部地区可见晶粒结构;岩石后期改造特征明显,有典型的蒸发特征。
层序上,基于对区域资料分析,以露头勘察、单井解剖为主、进行层序界面识别、岩石组合分析、相序分析、总结出中三叠时期自底向上发育两个三级层序,确切来讲是缺失上部层序高位的1.5个三级层序,7个四级层序,13个五级层序,台地内发育海侵体系域和高水位体系域。并建立各个露头、井剖面上的层序地层对比。最后通过层序划分与海平面曲线特征,对A/S比值进行分时期讨论。
以层序理论为基础,以岩性、电性、地化资料依据,对井剖面沉积相进行解剖,并分体系域单元编制沉积相平面展布。进一步研究得出,中三叠世沉积格局较嘉陵江时期格局发生较大改变,自西向东依次发育:由甘孜阿坝地区的巴颜喀拉海盆到马角坝-汉旺-什邡台地边缘相带;广元以东潮坪及泻湖相带再到达州以西-遂宁以东蒸发相带;红花-云阳-忠县以东的混积潮坪相带。西有巴颜喀拉海盆、北有西秦岭海槽南有三江盆地所围绕,台内有龙门山隆起、康滇古陆、开江隆起、泸州隆起所限,最终建立起中三叠时期的沉积模型,总结得出,中三叠世时期四川盆地发育典型的镶边型封闭陆表海台地。
对储层形成机制进行相应的探讨,认为胶结作用、压实压溶是对中三叠统储层最主要的破坏作用;同时可见,白云石化作用全区发育对储集性能改造作用明显,后期岩溶改造对中三叠统地层储集性能也尤为重要。
储层特征上可知,该区主要发育台地边缘滩相储层、台内滩相储层、潮坪相储层以及岩溶性储层四类,并对各储层进行分级评价。总结出,在各个地区雷口坡储层的发育特征有明显区别,台地边缘滩相储层为I类储层。台内滩为II类储层,潮坪相储层为III类储层。同时对中三叠岩溶储层进行初步探索,结合储层成因机制得出:中三叠统优质储层在于后期岩溶作用对先期沉积的藻屑滩相的改造。此外,构造因素有关的岩溶缝隙型储层也较为发育。最后根据综合分析,对沉积相下的储层展布进行了预测。
The Middle Triassic series is the first series ,when oil and gas exploration in Sichuan basin,which is important to realize and master the distributed rules of marine hydrocarbon.Based on the principles of sedimentrary petrography ,sequence stratigraphy, by the data of cutting , core, well logging ,and by means of description of lithology, sequence stratigraphic classification,the A/S analysis and sequence- sedimentary facies analysis,we summarize the character of sequence , facies , and establish the sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary model.At last,In the view of sedimentary ,we discrible distibution and quality of reservoir ,make some progress.
According to a quantity of the observations of cores and thin sections as well as the data of testing well and well logging, this paper conclude that dolomite,gypsum-dolomite, halite, muddy microcrystalline dolomite.grain structure is undeveloped,the main grain structure is algo detrinite ,calcarenite,oolites,bioclast; biodetritus and crystalline grain;the character of reconstruction in the late stage and evaporites is obvious .
In the respect of sequence,basing on the analysis of regional geological data and survey on outcrops and wells,something have been done ,such as recognization of sequence boundaries,analysis of lithology and facies combination.Then it summarize that there are two third-order sequece in the Middle Triassic.To be exact,the formation includes 1.5 third-order sequece ,which losts HST of the upper sequence,7 forth-order sequence,13 fifth-order sequence .This platform developes TST and HST, and lack LST.At last ,contrast with each outcrop and each well establish sequence stratigraph
This essay is based on the theory of sequence,and according to(rests on) the material of lithology, electrical property, geochemical, it classify the well section of sedimentary facies with dividing unit upon the system tract, while it formulate the distribution of sedimentary facies. Sedimentary framework carry on the features of the period of JiaLing River, and it inherited in the order of the west-east of China,from the Bayankala sea basins in Ganzi and Aba regions to the platform edge bank facies with the sequence of MaJiaoba-Hanwang-Shifang,from the tidal-lagoon facies in the east of Guangdong to the evaporation facies in the west of Dazhou and the east of Suining,to the mixed tidal-flat facies in the sequence of Honghua-Yunyang-The esat of Zhongxian. At the west part of the framework, there is the Bayankala sea basins, at the north there stands the Qingling trough, and in the south, the Sanjing basin has surround it, and in the paraplatform, it is forbided by the Longmenshan swell,Kangdian archicontinent, Kaijiang bulge, Luzhou rise. The essay bulids the sedimentary model in the period of middle Traissic Epoch, and summarized that Sichuan Basin in the middle Traissic Epoch is mainly develop from the typical edged and restricted epicontinental sea platform with a steep slope.
Summarizing the formation mechanism of reservoir , I think cementation and argillaceous fill are the main destroy to the middle triassic, at the same time we can see that, dolomitization develops in whole area which remakes reservoir property obviously, and transformation of the later period karst is very important to the middle triassic.
From the features of reservoir, we can see that this area are mainly develop three types of sedimentations: platform edge sedimentation, tidal-flat reservoir and Caledonian Karstification Reservoir. Through the decentralized evaluation for these reservoirs, I summaried that development characteristics of LeiKoupo reservoir appeared obvious difference in different region. Category 1 reservoir is platform edge face sedimentation, category 2 is platform inside, category 3 is tidal-flat reservoir. While I also provides a preliminary probe into the Middle Traissic Epoch Caledonian Karstification Reservoir, and together with mechanism of reservoir, we can see that the development of excellent reservoir is due to the remake which later karstification act on the early sedimentary siphonoal goclastic face, and the karst fissure typed reservoirs also develop well. At the last part of essay, according to the comprehensive analysis, it predict the reservoir distribution under the sedimentary facies.
据大量岩心、薄片观察及测井及试井资料等认识到,中三叠统岩性以云岩、膏质云岩、膏岩、泥质云岩、白云质灰岩为主;颗粒结构不太发育,主要颗粒有藻屑、砂屑,偶见鲕粒以及生物碎屑。在西缘和中部地区可见晶粒结构;岩石后期改造特征明显,有典型的蒸发特征。
层序上,基于对区域资料分析,以露头勘察、单井解剖为主、进行层序界面识别、岩石组合分析、相序分析、总结出中三叠时期自底向上发育两个三级层序,确切来讲是缺失上部层序高位的1.5个三级层序,7个四级层序,13个五级层序,台地内发育海侵体系域和高水位体系域。并建立各个露头、井剖面上的层序地层对比。最后通过层序划分与海平面曲线特征,对A/S比值进行分时期讨论。
以层序理论为基础,以岩性、电性、地化资料依据,对井剖面沉积相进行解剖,并分体系域单元编制沉积相平面展布。进一步研究得出,中三叠世沉积格局较嘉陵江时期格局发生较大改变,自西向东依次发育:由甘孜阿坝地区的巴颜喀拉海盆到马角坝-汉旺-什邡台地边缘相带;广元以东潮坪及泻湖相带再到达州以西-遂宁以东蒸发相带;红花-云阳-忠县以东的混积潮坪相带。西有巴颜喀拉海盆、北有西秦岭海槽南有三江盆地所围绕,台内有龙门山隆起、康滇古陆、开江隆起、泸州隆起所限,最终建立起中三叠时期的沉积模型,总结得出,中三叠世时期四川盆地发育典型的镶边型封闭陆表海台地。
对储层形成机制进行相应的探讨,认为胶结作用、压实压溶是对中三叠统储层最主要的破坏作用;同时可见,白云石化作用全区发育对储集性能改造作用明显,后期岩溶改造对中三叠统地层储集性能也尤为重要。
储层特征上可知,该区主要发育台地边缘滩相储层、台内滩相储层、潮坪相储层以及岩溶性储层四类,并对各储层进行分级评价。总结出,在各个地区雷口坡储层的发育特征有明显区别,台地边缘滩相储层为I类储层。台内滩为II类储层,潮坪相储层为III类储层。同时对中三叠岩溶储层进行初步探索,结合储层成因机制得出:中三叠统优质储层在于后期岩溶作用对先期沉积的藻屑滩相的改造。此外,构造因素有关的岩溶缝隙型储层也较为发育。最后根据综合分析,对沉积相下的储层展布进行了预测。
The Middle Triassic series is the first series ,when oil and gas exploration in Sichuan basin,which is important to realize and master the distributed rules of marine hydrocarbon.Based on the principles of sedimentrary petrography ,sequence stratigraphy, by the data of cutting , core, well logging ,and by means of description of lithology, sequence stratigraphic classification,the A/S analysis and sequence- sedimentary facies analysis,we summarize the character of sequence , facies , and establish the sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary model.At last,In the view of sedimentary ,we discrible distibution and quality of reservoir ,make some progress.
According to a quantity of the observations of cores and thin sections as well as the data of testing well and well logging, this paper conclude that dolomite,gypsum-dolomite, halite, muddy microcrystalline dolomite.grain structure is undeveloped,the main grain structure is algo detrinite ,calcarenite,oolites,bioclast; biodetritus and crystalline grain;the character of reconstruction in the late stage and evaporites is obvious .
In the respect of sequence,basing on the analysis of regional geological data and survey on outcrops and wells,something have been done ,such as recognization of sequence boundaries,analysis of lithology and facies combination.Then it summarize that there are two third-order sequece in the Middle Triassic.To be exact,the formation includes 1.5 third-order sequece ,which losts HST of the upper sequence,7 forth-order sequence,13 fifth-order sequence .This platform developes TST and HST, and lack LST.At last ,contrast with each outcrop and each well establish sequence stratigraph
This essay is based on the theory of sequence,and according to(rests on) the material of lithology, electrical property, geochemical, it classify the well section of sedimentary facies with dividing unit upon the system tract, while it formulate the distribution of sedimentary facies. Sedimentary framework carry on the features of the period of JiaLing River, and it inherited in the order of the west-east of China,from the Bayankala sea basins in Ganzi and Aba regions to the platform edge bank facies with the sequence of MaJiaoba-Hanwang-Shifang,from the tidal-lagoon facies in the east of Guangdong to the evaporation facies in the west of Dazhou and the east of Suining,to the mixed tidal-flat facies in the sequence of Honghua-Yunyang-The esat of Zhongxian. At the west part of the framework, there is the Bayankala sea basins, at the north there stands the Qingling trough, and in the south, the Sanjing basin has surround it, and in the paraplatform, it is forbided by the Longmenshan swell,Kangdian archicontinent, Kaijiang bulge, Luzhou rise. The essay bulids the sedimentary model in the period of middle Traissic Epoch, and summarized that Sichuan Basin in the middle Traissic Epoch is mainly develop from the typical edged and restricted epicontinental sea platform with a steep slope.
Summarizing the formation mechanism of reservoir , I think cementation and argillaceous fill are the main destroy to the middle triassic, at the same time we can see that, dolomitization develops in whole area which remakes reservoir property obviously, and transformation of the later period karst is very important to the middle triassic.
From the features of reservoir, we can see that this area are mainly develop three types of sedimentations: platform edge sedimentation, tidal-flat reservoir and Caledonian Karstification Reservoir. Through the decentralized evaluation for these reservoirs, I summaried that development characteristics of LeiKoupo reservoir appeared obvious difference in different region. Category 1 reservoir is platform edge face sedimentation, category 2 is platform inside, category 3 is tidal-flat reservoir. While I also provides a preliminary probe into the Middle Traissic Epoch Caledonian Karstification Reservoir, and together with mechanism of reservoir, we can see that the development of excellent reservoir is due to the remake which later karstification act on the early sedimentary siphonoal goclastic face, and the karst fissure typed reservoirs also develop well. At the last part of essay, according to the comprehensive analysis, it predict the reservoir distribution under the sedimentary facies.
引文
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