基于卫星云图的台风定位技术研究
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摘要
台风多发生于热带和副热带海洋上,在卫星云图上表现为有组织的涡旋状云系。台风是严重影响人类生产生活的灾害性天气系统之一,而我国又是世界上受台风灾害最为严重的国家之一,准确预报台风事关人民生命和财产安全,具有十分深远的意义。台风中心定位是台风分析业务的关键技术之一,由于台风形态与运动的复杂性,目前世界上对台风自动定位仍处于探索和研究阶段。
本文基于卫星云图深入研究了台风中心定位及相关问题,具体内容如下:
1)针对单通道和多通道卫星云图,利用分形维、灰度共生矩阵等特征,进行台风区域自动监测研究。
2)归纳了多种台风定位方法与方案,基于序列多通道图像对台风定位进行分析,提出基于灰色预测和活动轮廓模型的台风中心定位方案。对每种定位方法进行实验,并将其结果与中国气象局(CMA)最优路径数据进行对比与分析。
3)提出多方法集成定位的思想。实验表明,弯曲云带和中心密蔽云区型台风在集成定位后,定位结果精度有了一定提高,集成定位思想能更准确、更科学的确定台风中心位置。
4)利用流形学习对台风路径和图像上的相似性进行分析,研究相似台风检索模型,为台风预报奠定基础。
5)设计并实现了一个台风客观定位系统,供实际业务使用。包括卫星数据读取处理、地图投影、台风监测、定位等功能。
Typhoons often generate from the tropical and subtropical offings. They represent organized vortex appearance on satellite cloud images. Typhoon is one of the most catastrophic weather systems that influents human life seriously and China is one of the countries who suffer the disasters worst. Forecasting typhoons accurately relates people’s life and property. The meaning is profound and lasting. Typhoon center locating is one of the crucial technologies of analyzing typhoons. It is still in the exploration and investigation phase owing to the complexity of the pattern and motion of typhoon.
The main contributions of this thesis on typhoon centers locating and correlated problems are as follows:
1) Fractal dimension and gray co-occurrence matrix are applied to detect typhoons automatically based on single channel and multiple channels images.
2) Several typhoon center locating methods have been generalized. The scheme using Grey forecast and Chan-Vese model have been proposed based on sequential multiple channels images. Every method has been tested and the results have been compared with the best track data of CMA.
3) Methods integration is proposed. Experiments on curved band and CDO typhoons show that the result precision is improved. It is more accurate and scientific.
4) The similarity of typhoon paths and images based on manifold leaning is discussed and analyzed. A typhoon with similary paths search model is presented. It eatablishes basis for typhoon forecasting.
5) A typhoon center locating system is designed and accomplished. It is provided in the professional work of typhoon which includes the reading and processing of satellite data, map projection, typhoon detecting and locating and so on.
本文基于卫星云图深入研究了台风中心定位及相关问题,具体内容如下:
1)针对单通道和多通道卫星云图,利用分形维、灰度共生矩阵等特征,进行台风区域自动监测研究。
2)归纳了多种台风定位方法与方案,基于序列多通道图像对台风定位进行分析,提出基于灰色预测和活动轮廓模型的台风中心定位方案。对每种定位方法进行实验,并将其结果与中国气象局(CMA)最优路径数据进行对比与分析。
3)提出多方法集成定位的思想。实验表明,弯曲云带和中心密蔽云区型台风在集成定位后,定位结果精度有了一定提高,集成定位思想能更准确、更科学的确定台风中心位置。
4)利用流形学习对台风路径和图像上的相似性进行分析,研究相似台风检索模型,为台风预报奠定基础。
5)设计并实现了一个台风客观定位系统,供实际业务使用。包括卫星数据读取处理、地图投影、台风监测、定位等功能。
Typhoons often generate from the tropical and subtropical offings. They represent organized vortex appearance on satellite cloud images. Typhoon is one of the most catastrophic weather systems that influents human life seriously and China is one of the countries who suffer the disasters worst. Forecasting typhoons accurately relates people’s life and property. The meaning is profound and lasting. Typhoon center locating is one of the crucial technologies of analyzing typhoons. It is still in the exploration and investigation phase owing to the complexity of the pattern and motion of typhoon.
The main contributions of this thesis on typhoon centers locating and correlated problems are as follows:
1) Fractal dimension and gray co-occurrence matrix are applied to detect typhoons automatically based on single channel and multiple channels images.
2) Several typhoon center locating methods have been generalized. The scheme using Grey forecast and Chan-Vese model have been proposed based on sequential multiple channels images. Every method has been tested and the results have been compared with the best track data of CMA.
3) Methods integration is proposed. Experiments on curved band and CDO typhoons show that the result precision is improved. It is more accurate and scientific.
4) The similarity of typhoon paths and images based on manifold leaning is discussed and analyzed. A typhoon with similary paths search model is presented. It eatablishes basis for typhoon forecasting.
5) A typhoon center locating system is designed and accomplished. It is provided in the professional work of typhoon which includes the reading and processing of satellite data, map projection, typhoon detecting and locating and so on.
引文
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[4]孔秀梅.形成期台风螺旋云带的提取、描述及中心定位的研究[硕士论文].天津:天津大学. 2003.
[5]刘正光,邱海明,吴冰,等.基于卫星云图的无眼台风中心定位算法[J].天津大学学报. 2003, 36(6).
[6]李佳,王小锋,梁旭东. 2006西北太平洋热带气旋综述[J].大气科学研究与应用. 2007, 2: 12-27.
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[14]曾明剑,于波,周增奎.卫星红外云图上台风中心定位技术研究和应用[J].热带气象学报. 2006, 22(3): 241-247.
[15]刘凯,黄峰,罗坚.无眼台风自动定位方法研究[J].信息与控制. 2001, 30(6): 543-546.
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[17]王丽军.基于嵌入式隐马尔可夫模型与交叉熵的台风中心定位[硕士论文].天津:天津大学. 2006.
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[29] Wong K. Y., Yip C. L.. Identifying Centers of Circulating and Spiraling Vector Field Patterns and Its Applications [J]. Pattern Recognition. 2009, 42: 1371-1387.
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[33] Pao T, Yeh J. Typhoon Locating and Reconstruction from Infrared Satellite Cloud Image [J]. Journal of Multimedia. 2008, 3(2): 45-51.
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[2]王丕诰,刘宗义,张开斗.应用卫星气象学.青岛:中国海洋大学出版社. 2004.
[3]韩瑛,伍荣生.台风螺旋结构分析[J].南京大学学报(自然科学). 2001, 6(43): 572-580.
[4]孔秀梅.形成期台风螺旋云带的提取、描述及中心定位的研究[硕士论文].天津:天津大学. 2003.
[5]刘正光,邱海明,吴冰,等.基于卫星云图的无眼台风中心定位算法[J].天津大学学报. 2003, 36(6).
[6]李佳,王小锋,梁旭东. 2006西北太平洋热带气旋综述[J].大气科学研究与应用. 2007, 2: 12-27.
[7] Dvorak V F. Tropical Cyclone Intensity Analysis and Forecasting from Forecasting from Satellite Imagery [J]. Monthly Weather Review, 1975, 103(5): 420-430.
[8] Dvorak V F. Tropical Cyclone Intensity Analysis using Satellite Data [R]. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), US Dept. of Commerce, 1984.
[9] Velden C S, Olander T L, Zehr R M. Evaluation of an Objective Scheme to Estimate Tropical Cyclone Intensity from Digital Geostationary Satellite Infrared Imagery [J]. Weather and Forecasting, 1998, 13: 172-186.
[10] Olander T L, Velden C S, Turk M A. Development of the Advanced Objective Dvorak Technique (AODT)-Current Process and Future Directions [C]. 25th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 2002.
[11] Olander T L, Velden C S. The Adcanced Dvorak Technique: Continued Development of an Objective Scheme to Estimate Tropical Cyclone Intensity using Geostationary Infrared Satellite Imagery [J]. Weather and Forecasting, 2007, 22: 287-298.
[12]冯民学,于波,陈必云.有眼台风的自动定位方法初探[J].气象. 1997, 23(12): 15-17.
[13]张军,刘正光,吴冰,等.基于单幅红外云图的有眼台风自动定位算法[J].天津大学学报. 2005, 38(5): 437-442.
[14]曾明剑,于波,周增奎.卫星红外云图上台风中心定位技术研究和应用[J].热带气象学报. 2006, 22(3): 241-247.
[15]刘凯,黄峰,罗坚.无眼台风自动定位方法研究[J].信息与控制. 2001, 30(6): 543-546.
[16]王福宁.基于卫星云图的台风云系分割和中心定位研究[硕士学位论文].云南:云南师范大学. 2006.
[17]王丽军.基于嵌入式隐马尔可夫模型与交叉熵的台风中心定位[硕士论文].天津:天津大学. 2006.
[18]余建波.基于气象卫星云图的云类识别及台风分割和中心定位研究[硕士论文].武汉:武汉理工大学. 2008.
[19]靳梅.气旋的图像特征提取、描述及台风中心定位[硕士论文].天津:天津大学. 2008.
[20] Wong K.Y., Yip C.L., L P W. Automatic Template Matching Method for Tropical Cyclone Eye Fix. Proc. of 17th Int. Conf. on Pattern Recognition [C]. 2004, 650-653.
[21] Wong K.Y., Yip C.L., Wah L P. Automatic Tropical Cyclone Eye Fix using Genetic Algorithm [J]. Expert Systems with Applications. 2008, 34(1): 643-656.
[22] Schemetz J., Holmlund K., Hoffman J., et al. Operational Cloud-motion Winds from Meteosat Infrared Images [J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 1993, 32: 1206-1225.
[23] Ottenbacher A., Tomassini M., Holmlund K., et al. Low-level Cloud Motion Winds from Meteosat High Resolution Visible Imagery [J]. Weather and Forecasting. 1997, 12: 175-184.
[24] Hasler A.F., Palaniappan K., Kambhammetu C., et al. High Resolution Wind Fields within The Inner-core and Eye of A Mature Tropical Cyclone from GOES One-minute Images [J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 1998, 79(11): 2483-2496.
[25] Hiraoka T, Maeda H, Ikonla N. Two-stage Prediction Method of Typhoon Position by Fuzzy Modeling [J]. 1999.
[26] Palaniappan K., Kambhamettu C., Hasler A.F., et al. Structure and Semi-fluid Motion Analysis of Stereoscopic Satellite Images for Cloud Tracking [C]. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computer Vision. 1995, 659-665.
[27] Wong K. Y., Yip C. L.. An Intelligent Tropical Cyclone Eye Fixes System using Motion Field Analysis [C]. Proc. of 17th IEEE Int. Conf. on Tools with Artificial Intelligence. 2005, 652-656.
[28] Wong K. Y., Yip C. L., Li P. W.. A Novel Algorithm for Automatic Tropical Cyclone Eye Fix using Doppler Radar Data [J]. Meteorological Applications. 2007, 14(1): 49-59.
[29] Wong K. Y., Yip C. L.. Identifying Centers of Circulating and Spiraling Vector Field Patterns and Its Applications [J]. Pattern Recognition. 2009, 42: 1371-1387.
[30]王燕燕,叶臻,孙尉迟.台风中心的旋转定位[J].中国图象图形学报, 2002, 7A(5): 491-494.
[31]刘正光,喻远飞,吴冰.利用云导风矢量的台风中心自动定位[J].气象学报. 2003, 61(5): 735-739.
[32]孔秀梅,王萍,宋振龙.基于云导风场的形成期台风定位[J].模式识别与人工智能. 2005, 18(6): 752-757.
[33] Pao T, Yeh J. Typhoon Locating and Reconstruction from Infrared Satellite Cloud Image [J]. Journal of Multimedia. 2008, 3(2): 45-51.
[34] Kitamoto A.. Data Mining for Typhoon Image Collection [C]. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Multimedia Data Mining. 2001, 68-77.
[35] Wong K. Y., Yip C. L., Li P. W., et al. Automatic Template Matching Method for Tropical Cyclone Eye Fix [C]. In Proceeding of the 17th international conference on pattern recognition. 2004, 650-653.
[36]毛文吉,金海东.台风预报专家系统[J].计算机研究与发展. 1991, (10): 52-54.
[37]王继志,杨云琴,汤桂生. 8807号台风中尺度结构的诊断分析[J].海洋学报. 1993, 15(1): 53-61.
[38] Yurchak B S. Description of Cloud-Rain Bands in a Tropical Cyclone by a Hyperbolic Logarithmic Spiral [J]. Russian Meteorology and Hydrology. 2007, 32(1): 8-18.
[39]魏坤.非刚性目标的特征提取与形态分析技术[博士论文].上海:上海交通大学. 2010.
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