基于GPS和GIS的智能巡检系统研究与实现
摘要
巡检系统在通信、电力等行业有着广阔的应用,但由于巡检分布于野外,运行环境恶劣,人员比较分散,对通信技术、移动计算、地理信息系统等信息基础建设有较高的技术要求。目前的巡检方式有人工手写工作薄巡检,基于条码识别的巡检应用,射频识别技术(RFID)的巡检应用,基于机器人的自动化巡检。纵观上述巡检方式,具有以下特点：1)巡检工作方式较为落后,不能满足信息快速流动的需要且工作效率低下；2)巡检方式建立于专有平台,不能有效利用当前成熟的应用平台、技术,复用性不高,开发维护成本高,不利于推广；3)部分巡检平台人工干预较多,量化考核困难,不能有效评估巡检效果。
本文在研究现有巡检系统的基础上,研究了各种巡检技术和平台,提出了一种基于GPS和GIS的智能巡检系统方案并应用到实际系统中。对基于Windows Mobile的相关技术进行了研究,针对GPRS带宽小稳定性差的情况,提出了一种数据缓存方法和数据压缩方法,对基于Windows Mobile的通信效率低的情况,提出了一种改进的WebService数据传输方法,可显著减少图片等数据流量。移动GIS系统在巡检中应用广泛,本文研究了地图相关的坐标变换及图片缓存方法,提出了基于图片系统的移动GIS解决方案。根据汽车导航原理,本文将汽车导航技术应用到巡检系统中,将巡检轨迹视为汽车行驶轨迹,将待巡检的光缆等巡检对象视做道路,智能巡检即是将轨迹跟道路进行拟合,根据拟合的结果可得知轨迹对光缆的覆盖率,即可得出巡检的长度等相关的巡检结果,可极大提高巡检考核精度。
本文根据上述研究,将相关技术应用到“通信线路巡视巡检系统”中,有效的解决了线路巡检考核难,数据流量大的难题,取得了较好的效果。
Inspection system is widely used in communication and electric system and so on. However, patrol inspection system usually distributes over the wild, where the running surroundings is rather rugged, and leads to dispersive operators. Therefore, patrol inspection system itself internally has high requirements on communication technology, mobile computing, GIS(geographic information system) and other capital construction of the information system. Present ways of inspection include handwriting in workbook, bar code recognition technique based inspection application, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) based inspection application, and automatic patrol inspection based on robot. General inspection system originate from the pre-existing ways of inspection, which gradually developed from the paper way to the current intelligent mobile platform. Across the above inspection ways, three features can been concludes,1) The existing ways of inspection is usually laggard, thus they cannot satisfy the needs of the rapid flow of information and they worked at low efficiency.2) Some inspection ways are build on special platform, thus they cannot effectually make use of current mature application platform, which makes low reusability and high development and maintenance costs, and limits its popularization.3) Some inspection platform requires much human intervention, so it is difficult in quantitative evaluation, thus the inspection results cannot be effectively evaluated.
Based on current existing inspection systems, various inspection techniques and platform are studied later, and a GPS and GIS based intelligent inspection system is proposed in this paper. We developed and realized this system and it has been put into trial use. In the development, the key technology relevant to Windows Mobile is studied, and a data cache method and data compression method is proposed to aim at poor stability in GPRS bandwidth. An improved Web Service method of data transmission is also proposed to aim at low efficiency in Windows Mobile communication, thus significantly reduce pictures data traffics.And, considering the widespread use of mobile GIS in inspection systems, the methods of coordinate transform and image cache relevant to earth map are researched, and the pictures system based mobile GIS solutions is put forward to facilitate inspection with the mobile terminal. According to the principle of vehicle navigation, the car navigation technology is creatively applied to inspection systems in our work, where the inspection track is regarded as the vehicle track, and the optical cable and other objects for inspection are regarded as the path, therefore the intelligent inspection is fitting the track to the path. According to the fitting results, it is easy to gain the coverage ratio of the track on optical cable, and the length of inspection is easy to obtain, thus greatly improve accuracy of inspection assessment.
Based on the above research, related technology is applied to "communications lines patrol inspection system", which effectively solves the hard problems of line inspection's appraisal and mash data, and good performance is achieved.
本文在研究现有巡检系统的基础上,研究了各种巡检技术和平台,提出了一种基于GPS和GIS的智能巡检系统方案并应用到实际系统中。对基于Windows Mobile的相关技术进行了研究,针对GPRS带宽小稳定性差的情况,提出了一种数据缓存方法和数据压缩方法,对基于Windows Mobile的通信效率低的情况,提出了一种改进的WebService数据传输方法,可显著减少图片等数据流量。移动GIS系统在巡检中应用广泛,本文研究了地图相关的坐标变换及图片缓存方法,提出了基于图片系统的移动GIS解决方案。根据汽车导航原理,本文将汽车导航技术应用到巡检系统中,将巡检轨迹视为汽车行驶轨迹,将待巡检的光缆等巡检对象视做道路,智能巡检即是将轨迹跟道路进行拟合,根据拟合的结果可得知轨迹对光缆的覆盖率,即可得出巡检的长度等相关的巡检结果,可极大提高巡检考核精度。
本文根据上述研究,将相关技术应用到“通信线路巡视巡检系统”中,有效的解决了线路巡检考核难,数据流量大的难题,取得了较好的效果。
Inspection system is widely used in communication and electric system and so on. However, patrol inspection system usually distributes over the wild, where the running surroundings is rather rugged, and leads to dispersive operators. Therefore, patrol inspection system itself internally has high requirements on communication technology, mobile computing, GIS(geographic information system) and other capital construction of the information system. Present ways of inspection include handwriting in workbook, bar code recognition technique based inspection application, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) based inspection application, and automatic patrol inspection based on robot. General inspection system originate from the pre-existing ways of inspection, which gradually developed from the paper way to the current intelligent mobile platform. Across the above inspection ways, three features can been concludes,1) The existing ways of inspection is usually laggard, thus they cannot satisfy the needs of the rapid flow of information and they worked at low efficiency.2) Some inspection ways are build on special platform, thus they cannot effectually make use of current mature application platform, which makes low reusability and high development and maintenance costs, and limits its popularization.3) Some inspection platform requires much human intervention, so it is difficult in quantitative evaluation, thus the inspection results cannot be effectively evaluated.
Based on current existing inspection systems, various inspection techniques and platform are studied later, and a GPS and GIS based intelligent inspection system is proposed in this paper. We developed and realized this system and it has been put into trial use. In the development, the key technology relevant to Windows Mobile is studied, and a data cache method and data compression method is proposed to aim at poor stability in GPRS bandwidth. An improved Web Service method of data transmission is also proposed to aim at low efficiency in Windows Mobile communication, thus significantly reduce pictures data traffics.And, considering the widespread use of mobile GIS in inspection systems, the methods of coordinate transform and image cache relevant to earth map are researched, and the pictures system based mobile GIS solutions is put forward to facilitate inspection with the mobile terminal. According to the principle of vehicle navigation, the car navigation technology is creatively applied to inspection systems in our work, where the inspection track is regarded as the vehicle track, and the optical cable and other objects for inspection are regarded as the path, therefore the intelligent inspection is fitting the track to the path. According to the fitting results, it is easy to gain the coverage ratio of the track on optical cable, and the length of inspection is easy to obtain, thus greatly improve accuracy of inspection assessment.
Based on the above research, related technology is applied to "communications lines patrol inspection system", which effectively solves the hard problems of line inspection's appraisal and mash data, and good performance is achieved.
引文
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[8]龚星宇,许佳,龚尚福.嵌入式数据库的研究[J].现代电子技术,2007,30(9)：62～63
[9]史恒亮,白光一.嵌入式数据库的现状和发展趋势[J].计算机系统应用,2010,19(2)：205～208
[10]解辉.嵌入式数据库的设计与实现[D].太原：太原科技大学,2008
[11]朱丽丽.嵌入式数据库实现技术的研究[J].金陵科技学院学报,2008,25(3)：20～25
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[15]潘战生.基于MS SQL Server 2005 Compact Edition的数据同步机制的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2008,29(10)：2658～2661
[16]张晶.嵌入式移动数据库SQL Server CE应用程序的开发与设计[J].电脑知识与技术(学术交流),2007,2(10)：923～924
[17]吴飞,王昕.嵌入式移动数据库SQL Server for Windows CE的应用研究[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(1)：122～123
[18]韩涛,王权.GSM/GPRS通信终端发射功率控制及校准方法[J].华中科技大学学报,2007,35(11)：56～58
[19]王宏伟,赵国庆.在GSM网络中实现高压电力线路检测[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28(12)：2260～2262
[20]严商,黄樟灿.WCF:Windows平台新一代通讯基础研究与分析[J].计算机与数字工程,2008,36(4)：86～89
[21]黄森,刘丰.基于WCF的数据流传输方案研究与应用[J].计算机安全,2009,(12)：14～16
[22]SOAP 1.1 Binding for MTOM 1.0. http://www.w3.org/Submission/soapll mtom10/
[23]欧伟杰,王科,曾承,等.多源Web服务发现框架[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,9(5)：431～435
[24]Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl.
[25]童晓阳,王晓茹.基于Web Service的电力多Agent广域协作平台初探[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(8)：43～48
[26]史娟,郑琼华,沈昱明.基于Web Services的无刷新实时数据交换研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(z3)：2075～2076
[27]SOAP 1.2 Attachment Feature. http://www.w3.org/TR/soap12-af/
[28]Web Services Enhancements (WSE).http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ aa139617.aspx
[29]胡鹏,吴艳兰,杨传勇,李国建.大型GIS与数字地球的空间数学基础研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2001,26(4)：296～301
[30]赵虎,晏磊.虚拟地球下的小比例尺制图研究[J].计算机应用研究,2003,20(12)：58～60
[31]冯林刚,杨润甫.GPS网地方独立坐标系坐标转换的一种简便方法[J].测绘通报,2005,(12)：36～37
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