杉木萌芽更新的研究
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摘要
萌芽更新是利用树种萌芽性强的特性,依靠伐桩上的休眠芽或不定芽发育成萌发条,进而长成植株,其生物学基础是来自腋生的休眠芽的萌发。
杉木是我国特有的重要用材树种,也是针叶树种中萌芽能力较强的树种之一。长期以来,杉木人工林主要以实生苗造林为主,不仅造林成本高,而且会造成水土流失等不良后果,与此同时,森林经营目标也发生变化,由过去那种高投入、高产量、低效益,转而注重经济、生态和环境效益的统一。萌芽更新不仅造林成本低,而且可以避免因整地等带来的种种弊端,在这种情形下,萌芽更新又受到人们的青睬。特别是近年来随着人们对短伐期矮林作业的重视,杉木萌芽更新成为一种古老而具有生命力的研究课题,重新引起有关学者的极大关切。本论文在此背景下,主要围绕杉木萌芽更新技术、地力维护进行试验研究。研究结果表明:
1.杉木伐桩直径对伐桩萌条数、萌条高度和萌条基径影响差异均没有达到显著水平。
2.伐桩萌条数、萌条高与萌条基经均随着伐桩高度的增高而降低。
3.PVP处理对杉木伐桩萌条数、萌条高和萌条基径有较大影响。随着PVP处理浓度的增加,各萌芽指标也逐渐增加,各种浓度处理萌条数、萌条高和萌条基径与对照相比差异均达极显著水平;杉木伐桩萌芽6个月后,12g/L和8g/L PVP溶液对伐桩萌条数、萌条高和伐桩萌条基径影响差异并不显著;杉木伐桩萌芽12个月后,8 g/L和2 g/L PVP溶液对伐桩萌条高影响差异显著,对伐桩萌条基径影响差异不显著。
建立了PVP浓度与杉木伐桩萌条数、萌条高、萌条基径之间的数学模型,结果表明,PVP浓度与杉木伐桩萌条数、萌条高、萌条基径之间存在极显著的幂函数相关关系。PVP浓度与萌条数、萌条高、萌条基径均呈正相关关系。
弹性分析边和际量结果表明,PVP浓度每增加1%,杉木萌条数、萌条高和萌条基径增加相应的百分比。PVP浓度每增加一个浓度单位,杉木萌条数、萌条高和萌条基径增加相应的值。
4.木荷枯枝落叶处理对杉木伐桩萌条数、萌条高和萌条基径有较大的影响。随着木荷枯枝落叶用量的增加,各萌芽指标也逐渐增加,杉木伐桩萌芽6个月后,木荷枯枝落叶为2 kg/株时,伐桩萌条数比对照增加了53.57%;萌条高度比对照增加了31.02%;萌条基径比对照增加了25.88%。杉木伐桩萌芽12个月后,木荷枯枝落叶为2kg/株,萌条高度比对照增加30.41%,萌条基径比对照增加了42.98%。
5.采用正交实验方法研究不同激素对杉木伐桩各萌芽指标的影响,结果表明,6-BA、IBA100mg/L,GA_350 mg/L是对杉木伐桩萌条数最好的组合;伐桩萌芽6个月后,GA_3、IBA 50mg/L,NAA200mg/L用量对萌条高作用效果最好,杉木伐桩萌芽2个月后,6-BA、IBA 100mg/L,GA_3 50mg/L用量对萌条高作用效果最好;6-BA 100mg/L,IBA 50mg/L和NAA 400mg/L用量对萌条基径作用效果最好。
6.采用正交实验方法研究不同施肥处理对杉木伐桩各萌芽指标的影响,结果表明,P肥处理对杉木伐桩萌条数、萌条高和萌条基经的影响最大,其次是N肥处理,K肥处理影响最小,P肥、N肥均以100g/株用量,K肥以50g/株是对杉木伐桩萌条数、萌条高和萌条基经最好的组合。
7.杉木萌芽林的更新费用较之实生林为低,其3年生幼林的投资费用比为1:2.4。
Sprout regeneration used the characteristics of strong sprouting of sprouting trees, grow into Sprout and develop into the plant relying on the dormant buds or adventitious buds of stumps, biological basis of which from germination of the domiant buds.
Chinese fir recommended as the important timbey tree species in China, also as one of the conifer trees with stronger sprouting capability.For a long time, Chinese fir seedling plantations mainly based reforestation, which not only had the high cost, but will also caused soil erosion and other adverse consequences, at the same time, forest management objectives, had also changed into focused on unification of economic, ecological and environmental effectiveness, instead of the mode of high input, high output, low effectiveness in the past.Sprout regeneration not only budded low cost,but also can avoided many disadvantages,such as the various defects, in such circumstances, Sprout regeneration favoured by the people again.Especially in recent years, people pay more attention to the dwarf forest operations of short-rotation, Chinese fir sprout regeneration as a vitality and ancient field of study, the scholars aroused great concern again. This paper mainly studied the technologies of sprout regeneration of Chinese fir and maintaining soil fertility, The results of the experiments are following:
1. Diameter of Chinese fir stumps had a little impact on the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter.
2. the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter increased with the increasing of the heights of stump.
3. PVP had a great impact on the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter. they increased with the increasing of the concentration of PVP, the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter reached a significant level compared with the control plots.
When 6 months old, compared with the control plots treatments had reached significantly level, the concentration of 12 g/L and 8 g/L PVP solution on the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter in basal were not significant; When 12 months old, PVP concentration of 8 g/L and 2 g/L of the influence on the sprout height was significantly, PVP concentration of 8 g/L and2 g/L of the sprout height the impact of the difference was not significant.
The mathematical model of PVP concentration with the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter was builded, the mathematical model results showed that there were significant correlation between PVP concentration and the sprout number, between PVP concentration and the sprout height, between PVP concentration and the sprout number. PVP concentration and the sprout number, PVP concentration and the sprout height, PVP concentration and the sprout diameter were positively correlated.
The results of EP analysis and MPP showed that PVP concentration increased one percent, the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter increased the corresponding percentage. PVP concentration increased of one unit, the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter increased of the basal value.
4.Schima litter had greater impact on the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter of Chinese fir. With Schima increased in the amount of litter, the sproutting indexes also gradually increased. When 6 months old, Schima litter of 2 kg / strains, the number of sprouts was higher than control plots by 53.57 percent; the height of sprouts was higher than control plots by 31.02 percent; the diameter of sprouts was higher than control plots by 25.88 percent. When 12months old, Schima litter of 2 kg / strains,the height of sprouts was higher than control plots by 30.41 percent, stumps the diameter of sprouts was higher than control plots by 42.98 percent.
5. Studied on the effect of different hormones on sproutting indexes of Chinese fir using orthogonal experimental design, The results showed that the best combination were 6-BA, IBA 100 mg/L, GA_3 50mg/L for the number of sprouts of Chinese fir.When 6 months old, GA_3, IBA 50 mg/L, NAA200 mg/L had the best effect for the height of sprouts of Chinese fir; GA_3,IBA 50 mg/L, NAA 200 mg/L had the best effect for the diameter of sprouts of Chinese fir. When 12 months old, 6-BA, IBA 100mg/L, GA_3 50 mg/L had the best effect for the height of sprouts;6-BA 100 mg/L, IBA 50 mg/L and NAA 400 mg/L had the best effect for the diameter of sprouts.
6.Studied on the effect of different fertilization on sproutting indexes of Chinese fir using orthogonal experimental design, The results showed that the most important affecting on the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter was P fertilizer treatment, next was N fertilizer treatment, the lest one was K fertilizer, P fertilizer, N fertilizer 100 g/strain , K fertilizer 50 g/strains had the best effect for the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameterof Chinese fir.
7.The cost in the sprout regeneration of Chinese fir were lower than the seedling regeneration white the investment in the sprout regeneration is only 1/2.4 as much as that in the seedling regeneration for the 3-year-young plantation.
杉木是我国特有的重要用材树种,也是针叶树种中萌芽能力较强的树种之一。长期以来,杉木人工林主要以实生苗造林为主,不仅造林成本高,而且会造成水土流失等不良后果,与此同时,森林经营目标也发生变化,由过去那种高投入、高产量、低效益,转而注重经济、生态和环境效益的统一。萌芽更新不仅造林成本低,而且可以避免因整地等带来的种种弊端,在这种情形下,萌芽更新又受到人们的青睬。特别是近年来随着人们对短伐期矮林作业的重视,杉木萌芽更新成为一种古老而具有生命力的研究课题,重新引起有关学者的极大关切。本论文在此背景下,主要围绕杉木萌芽更新技术、地力维护进行试验研究。研究结果表明:
1.杉木伐桩直径对伐桩萌条数、萌条高度和萌条基径影响差异均没有达到显著水平。
2.伐桩萌条数、萌条高与萌条基经均随着伐桩高度的增高而降低。
3.PVP处理对杉木伐桩萌条数、萌条高和萌条基径有较大影响。随着PVP处理浓度的增加,各萌芽指标也逐渐增加,各种浓度处理萌条数、萌条高和萌条基径与对照相比差异均达极显著水平;杉木伐桩萌芽6个月后,12g/L和8g/L PVP溶液对伐桩萌条数、萌条高和伐桩萌条基径影响差异并不显著;杉木伐桩萌芽12个月后,8 g/L和2 g/L PVP溶液对伐桩萌条高影响差异显著,对伐桩萌条基径影响差异不显著。
建立了PVP浓度与杉木伐桩萌条数、萌条高、萌条基径之间的数学模型,结果表明,PVP浓度与杉木伐桩萌条数、萌条高、萌条基径之间存在极显著的幂函数相关关系。PVP浓度与萌条数、萌条高、萌条基径均呈正相关关系。
弹性分析边和际量结果表明,PVP浓度每增加1%,杉木萌条数、萌条高和萌条基径增加相应的百分比。PVP浓度每增加一个浓度单位,杉木萌条数、萌条高和萌条基径增加相应的值。
4.木荷枯枝落叶处理对杉木伐桩萌条数、萌条高和萌条基径有较大的影响。随着木荷枯枝落叶用量的增加,各萌芽指标也逐渐增加,杉木伐桩萌芽6个月后,木荷枯枝落叶为2 kg/株时,伐桩萌条数比对照增加了53.57%;萌条高度比对照增加了31.02%;萌条基径比对照增加了25.88%。杉木伐桩萌芽12个月后,木荷枯枝落叶为2kg/株,萌条高度比对照增加30.41%,萌条基径比对照增加了42.98%。
5.采用正交实验方法研究不同激素对杉木伐桩各萌芽指标的影响,结果表明,6-BA、IBA100mg/L,GA_350 mg/L是对杉木伐桩萌条数最好的组合;伐桩萌芽6个月后,GA_3、IBA 50mg/L,NAA200mg/L用量对萌条高作用效果最好,杉木伐桩萌芽2个月后,6-BA、IBA 100mg/L,GA_3 50mg/L用量对萌条高作用效果最好;6-BA 100mg/L,IBA 50mg/L和NAA 400mg/L用量对萌条基径作用效果最好。
6.采用正交实验方法研究不同施肥处理对杉木伐桩各萌芽指标的影响,结果表明,P肥处理对杉木伐桩萌条数、萌条高和萌条基经的影响最大,其次是N肥处理,K肥处理影响最小,P肥、N肥均以100g/株用量,K肥以50g/株是对杉木伐桩萌条数、萌条高和萌条基经最好的组合。
7.杉木萌芽林的更新费用较之实生林为低,其3年生幼林的投资费用比为1:2.4。
Sprout regeneration used the characteristics of strong sprouting of sprouting trees, grow into Sprout and develop into the plant relying on the dormant buds or adventitious buds of stumps, biological basis of which from germination of the domiant buds.
Chinese fir recommended as the important timbey tree species in China, also as one of the conifer trees with stronger sprouting capability.For a long time, Chinese fir seedling plantations mainly based reforestation, which not only had the high cost, but will also caused soil erosion and other adverse consequences, at the same time, forest management objectives, had also changed into focused on unification of economic, ecological and environmental effectiveness, instead of the mode of high input, high output, low effectiveness in the past.Sprout regeneration not only budded low cost,but also can avoided many disadvantages,such as the various defects, in such circumstances, Sprout regeneration favoured by the people again.Especially in recent years, people pay more attention to the dwarf forest operations of short-rotation, Chinese fir sprout regeneration as a vitality and ancient field of study, the scholars aroused great concern again. This paper mainly studied the technologies of sprout regeneration of Chinese fir and maintaining soil fertility, The results of the experiments are following:
1. Diameter of Chinese fir stumps had a little impact on the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter.
2. the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter increased with the increasing of the heights of stump.
3. PVP had a great impact on the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter. they increased with the increasing of the concentration of PVP, the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter reached a significant level compared with the control plots.
When 6 months old, compared with the control plots treatments had reached significantly level, the concentration of 12 g/L and 8 g/L PVP solution on the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter in basal were not significant; When 12 months old, PVP concentration of 8 g/L and 2 g/L of the influence on the sprout height was significantly, PVP concentration of 8 g/L and2 g/L of the sprout height the impact of the difference was not significant.
The mathematical model of PVP concentration with the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter was builded, the mathematical model results showed that there were significant correlation between PVP concentration and the sprout number, between PVP concentration and the sprout height, between PVP concentration and the sprout number. PVP concentration and the sprout number, PVP concentration and the sprout height, PVP concentration and the sprout diameter were positively correlated.
The results of EP analysis and MPP showed that PVP concentration increased one percent, the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter increased the corresponding percentage. PVP concentration increased of one unit, the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter increased of the basal value.
4.Schima litter had greater impact on the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter of Chinese fir. With Schima increased in the amount of litter, the sproutting indexes also gradually increased. When 6 months old, Schima litter of 2 kg / strains, the number of sprouts was higher than control plots by 53.57 percent; the height of sprouts was higher than control plots by 31.02 percent; the diameter of sprouts was higher than control plots by 25.88 percent. When 12months old, Schima litter of 2 kg / strains,the height of sprouts was higher than control plots by 30.41 percent, stumps the diameter of sprouts was higher than control plots by 42.98 percent.
5. Studied on the effect of different hormones on sproutting indexes of Chinese fir using orthogonal experimental design, The results showed that the best combination were 6-BA, IBA 100 mg/L, GA_3 50mg/L for the number of sprouts of Chinese fir.When 6 months old, GA_3, IBA 50 mg/L, NAA200 mg/L had the best effect for the height of sprouts of Chinese fir; GA_3,IBA 50 mg/L, NAA 200 mg/L had the best effect for the diameter of sprouts of Chinese fir. When 12 months old, 6-BA, IBA 100mg/L, GA_3 50 mg/L had the best effect for the height of sprouts;6-BA 100 mg/L, IBA 50 mg/L and NAA 400 mg/L had the best effect for the diameter of sprouts.
6.Studied on the effect of different fertilization on sproutting indexes of Chinese fir using orthogonal experimental design, The results showed that the most important affecting on the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameter was P fertilizer treatment, next was N fertilizer treatment, the lest one was K fertilizer, P fertilizer, N fertilizer 100 g/strain , K fertilizer 50 g/strains had the best effect for the sprout number、the sprout height and the sprout diameterof Chinese fir.
7.The cost in the sprout regeneration of Chinese fir were lower than the seedling regeneration white the investment in the sprout regeneration is only 1/2.4 as much as that in the seedling regeneration for the 3-year-young plantation.
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