认知无线电循环平稳特征值检测的算法研究
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摘要
认知无线电技术是当前现有频谱分配政策下,克服频谱资源短缺的有效手段,而频谱感知则是这项技术的前提。本文以循环平稳检测为研究的基本路线,通过分析接收信号的循环平稳特征,来判别当前状态下频谱的使用情况。
本文以Dandawate频域渐近最优χ2检测法为基础,提出了一种在一定先验信息条件下的特定频率检测法,该方法在低信噪比条件下依然具有良好的检测性能。同时描述了在OFDM信号中嵌入循环平稳特征值的低复杂度技术,分析了嵌入单个循环平稳特征值与多个循环平稳特征值后的检测性能,以一定的数据传输损失为代价,换取在复杂环境下良好的信号检测能力,通过仿真表明,本文提出的方法在低信噪比及多径瑞利衰落环境下,对嵌入循环平稳特征值后的OFDM信号具有较高的检测概率。
Cognitive radio is an effective method to overcome the scarcity of frequency spectrum resource under the current frequency spectrum distribution policy while frequency spectrum cognitive is the prerequisite of this technology. This dissertation analyzes the frequency spectrum's usage condition through the receiving signal's cyclostationary feature based on the cyclostationary detection study.
This paper proposed a special frequency detection method based on a certain priori information in accordance with Dandawate frequency domain asymptotic optimalχ2 detection. This method has good detection performance even the SNR is low. At the same time the paper presented the low complexity technology of the OFDM signal embedded with cyclostationary signature and analyzed the detection performance embedded with single cyclostationary and multiple cyclostaionary signatures in details. At the cost of data transmission loss, we can obtain the good signal detection capacity under the complex environment. The simulations demonstrate that these methods have the high detection probability for the OFDM signal embedded with cyclostationary signature even under the low SNR and multipath Rayleigh fading channel environment.
本文以Dandawate频域渐近最优χ2检测法为基础,提出了一种在一定先验信息条件下的特定频率检测法,该方法在低信噪比条件下依然具有良好的检测性能。同时描述了在OFDM信号中嵌入循环平稳特征值的低复杂度技术,分析了嵌入单个循环平稳特征值与多个循环平稳特征值后的检测性能,以一定的数据传输损失为代价,换取在复杂环境下良好的信号检测能力,通过仿真表明,本文提出的方法在低信噪比及多径瑞利衰落环境下,对嵌入循环平稳特征值后的OFDM信号具有较高的检测概率。
Cognitive radio is an effective method to overcome the scarcity of frequency spectrum resource under the current frequency spectrum distribution policy while frequency spectrum cognitive is the prerequisite of this technology. This dissertation analyzes the frequency spectrum's usage condition through the receiving signal's cyclostationary feature based on the cyclostationary detection study.
This paper proposed a special frequency detection method based on a certain priori information in accordance with Dandawate frequency domain asymptotic optimalχ2 detection. This method has good detection performance even the SNR is low. At the same time the paper presented the low complexity technology of the OFDM signal embedded with cyclostationary signature and analyzed the detection performance embedded with single cyclostationary and multiple cyclostaionary signatures in details. At the cost of data transmission loss, we can obtain the good signal detection capacity under the complex environment. The simulations demonstrate that these methods have the high detection probability for the OFDM signal embedded with cyclostationary signature even under the low SNR and multipath Rayleigh fading channel environment.
引文
[1]Kolodzy Paul. Spectrum Policy Task Force Report of Engineering and Technology. Federal Communications Commission, November,2002.
[2]Federal Communication Commission. Spectrum Policy Task Force Report. ET Docket No.02-155,2002 Nov 02.
[3]Hoven N. On the feasibility of cognitive radio, Master's thesis. University of California, Berkeley,2005.
[4]Sutton P.D, Nolan K.E, Doyle L.E. Cyclostationary Signatures for Rendezvous in OFDM-Based Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, in New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2007, pp:220-231.
[5]Mitola J, Maguire G, Maguire Jr. Cognitive radio:making software radios more personal. IEEE Personal Communications Magazine,1999,6(4):13-18.
[6]Mitola J. Cognitive Radio:An Integrated Agent Architecture for Software Defined Radio. Doctor of Technology, Royal Inst. Technol.(KTH), Stockholm, Sweden,2000.
[7]Akyildiz Ian F, Lee W. Y, Vuran M.C. Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks:A survey. Computer Networks, 2006,50(13):2127-2159.
[8]周小飞,张宏纲.认知无线电原理及应用：北京邮电大学出版社,2006年.
[9]Federal Communication Commission. Facilitating Opportunities for Flexible, Efficient, and Reliable Spectrum Use Employing Cognitive Radio Technologies.NPRM & Order, ET Docket no.03-108, FCC 03-322,2003.
[10]Cabric D, Mishra S. M, Brodersen R.W. Implementation issues in spectrum sensing for cognitive radios. In Proc.38th Asilogmar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers 2004,2004:772-776.
[11]赵知劲,郑仕链.认知无线电技术.北京：科学出版社,2008年.
[12]谭学治,姜靖,认知无线电的频谱感知技术研究,通信技术,2007年第3 期.
[13]Ghasemi A, Sousa E.S. Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environments, in Proc. First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks(IEEE DySPAN 2005), Nov. 8-11,2005, pp.131-136.
[14]Dandawate A.V, Giannakis G.B. Statistical test for presence of cyclostationarity. IEEE Trans.Sig.Proc,1994,vol.42, pp:2355-2369.
[15]Haykin S. Cognitive radio:brain-empowered wirless communications. IEEE J,Select. Aras Commun.2005,Vol.23, pp:201-220.
[16]Cabric D. Cognitive radios:system design perspective. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley,2007.
[17]Cabric D, Tkachenko A, Brodersen R.W. Spectrum sensing measurements of pilot energy and collaborative detection. In Proc of IEEE MILCOM 2006, Washington, DC, USA, Oct.2006, pp:1-7.
[18]Cabric D, Tkachenko A, Brodersen R.W. Experimental Study of Spectrum Sensing based on Energy Detection and Network Cooperation, in Proc of 1 st Intl.Workshop on Technology and Policy for Accessing Spectrum (TAPAS 2006), Boston, August 2006.
[19]Fehske A, Gaeddert J. A New Approach to Signal Classification Using Spectral Correlation and Neural Networks. IEEE DySPAN, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 2005, pp:144-150.
[20]Digham F.F, Alouini M. S, Simon M. K. On the energy detection of unknown signals over fading channels.2003.
[21]Jin Y, Ji H. Cyclic Autocorrelation Based Blind Parameter Estimation of PSK Signals.2006, pp:1293-1296.
[22]Gardner W.A. The spectral correlation theory of cyclostationary time-series[J]. Signal Processing,1986,11 (1):13-36.
[23]冯灏,认知无线电中频谱感知技术研究,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[24]黄智涛,周一宇,姜文利.循环平稳信号处理与应用[M].北京：科学出版 社,2006.
[25]赵丹,循环平稳检测在认知无线电中的应用.大众科技,2008年第1期,pp：16-17
[26]Dobre O.A, Rajan S, Inkol R. Exploitation of first-order cyclostationarity for joint signal detection and classification in cognitive radio, in Proc. IEEE VTC,2008,pp:1-5.
[27]Dobre O.A, Zhang Q, Rajan S, Inkol R. Second-order cyclostationarity of cyclically prefixed single carrier linear digital modulations with applications to signal recognition. in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM,2008,pp:1-5.
[28]张贤达,保铮,非平稳信号分析与处理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2001年7月.
[29]罗利春.谱相关的原理、功能与α截面谱表示[J].物理学报,2002,51(10)：2177-2182.
[30]漆渊,彭涛.认知无线电中基于循环平稳特征的频谱感知方法.重庆邮电大学学报,2009,Vol.21 NO.3,pp：353-357.
[31]史建锋,朱良学.有限数据下循环谱的频域平滑对称式周期图法估计性能分析[J].数据采集与处理,2004,Vol 19 NO.2,pp：155-159.
[32]魏鑫,张平.周期图法功率谱估计中的窗函数分析[J].现代电子技术,2005年第3期,pp：14-15.
[33]贾维敏,姚敏立,宋建社.信号循环平稳特性及其应用.现代雷达,2005,Vol.27 NO.9,pp：35-39.
[34]盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计：高等教育出版社,2001年12月.
[35]陈洄.基于循环谱相关的调制方式识别的研究[D].北京交通大学,2006年.
[36]罗利春.关于谱相关的几个问题——Ⅰ：数学来源与应用可行性.电子对抗,2002年2期,pp：20-25.
[37]罗利春.关于谱相关的几个问题——Ⅱ：物理功能与应用效果.电子对抗,2002年3期,pp：15-19.
[38]张晓林,徐建太,陈源胜.基于循环谱理论的BPSK直扩信号检测,信息技 术,2004,Vol.28 No.8,pp：30-32.
[39]史建锋,王可人.多径条件下BPSK信号的循环平稳特性[J].雷达科学与技术,2007,5(4)：296-299.
[40]史建锋,肖立胜.BPSK信号的循环频率α截面谱.雷达与对抗,2003年第3期,pp：30-32.
[41]陈四根,杨莘元.QPSK信号谱相关性质研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2003Vol.24 No.2,pp：208-211.
[42]黄奇珊,彭启琮,路友容.OFDM信号循环谱结构分析.电子与信息学报,2008,Vol.30 No.1,pp：134-138.
[43]蒋清平,杨士中,张天骐.OFDM信号循环谱分析及参数估计.计算机应用研究,2010,Vol.27 No.3,pp：1133-1135.
[44]Gardner W.A. Spectral Correlation of Modulated Signals:Part Ⅰ-Analog Modulation[J]. IEEE Transition Communications,1987,35(6):0584-0594.
[45]Gardner W. A, Brown W. A, Chen C. K. Spectral Correlation of Modulated Signals:Part Ⅱ-Digital Modulation[J]. IEEE Transition Communications, 1987,35(6):0595-0601.
[46]佟学俭,罗涛.OFDM移动通信技术原理与应用：人民邮电出版社,2003年6月.
[47]翟旭平,韩延坤.信号循环谱在衰落与多普勒信道中的特性.上海大学学报,2010,Vol.16 No.1.
[48]Sutton P.D, Nolan K.E, Doyle L.E. Cyclostationary Signature Detection in Multipath Rayleigh Fading Environments. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CrownCoM 2007), Aug 1-3,2007, Orlando, Florida,2007: 408-413.
[49]M. Failli (chairman) and COST 207 Management Committee. Digital Land Mobile Radio Communications:Final Report. Luxembourg:Commission of the European Communities,1989.
[50]Federal Communication Commission. ET Docket No 03-237 Notice of inquiry and notice of propised Rulemaking.2003.
[2]Federal Communication Commission. Spectrum Policy Task Force Report. ET Docket No.02-155,2002 Nov 02.
[3]Hoven N. On the feasibility of cognitive radio, Master's thesis. University of California, Berkeley,2005.
[4]Sutton P.D, Nolan K.E, Doyle L.E. Cyclostationary Signatures for Rendezvous in OFDM-Based Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, in New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2007, pp:220-231.
[5]Mitola J, Maguire G, Maguire Jr. Cognitive radio:making software radios more personal. IEEE Personal Communications Magazine,1999,6(4):13-18.
[6]Mitola J. Cognitive Radio:An Integrated Agent Architecture for Software Defined Radio. Doctor of Technology, Royal Inst. Technol.(KTH), Stockholm, Sweden,2000.
[7]Akyildiz Ian F, Lee W. Y, Vuran M.C. Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks:A survey. Computer Networks, 2006,50(13):2127-2159.
[8]周小飞,张宏纲.认知无线电原理及应用：北京邮电大学出版社,2006年.
[9]Federal Communication Commission. Facilitating Opportunities for Flexible, Efficient, and Reliable Spectrum Use Employing Cognitive Radio Technologies.NPRM & Order, ET Docket no.03-108, FCC 03-322,2003.
[10]Cabric D, Mishra S. M, Brodersen R.W. Implementation issues in spectrum sensing for cognitive radios. In Proc.38th Asilogmar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers 2004,2004:772-776.
[11]赵知劲,郑仕链.认知无线电技术.北京：科学出版社,2008年.
[12]谭学治,姜靖,认知无线电的频谱感知技术研究,通信技术,2007年第3 期.
[13]Ghasemi A, Sousa E.S. Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environments, in Proc. First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks(IEEE DySPAN 2005), Nov. 8-11,2005, pp.131-136.
[14]Dandawate A.V, Giannakis G.B. Statistical test for presence of cyclostationarity. IEEE Trans.Sig.Proc,1994,vol.42, pp:2355-2369.
[15]Haykin S. Cognitive radio:brain-empowered wirless communications. IEEE J,Select. Aras Commun.2005,Vol.23, pp:201-220.
[16]Cabric D. Cognitive radios:system design perspective. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley,2007.
[17]Cabric D, Tkachenko A, Brodersen R.W. Spectrum sensing measurements of pilot energy and collaborative detection. In Proc of IEEE MILCOM 2006, Washington, DC, USA, Oct.2006, pp:1-7.
[18]Cabric D, Tkachenko A, Brodersen R.W. Experimental Study of Spectrum Sensing based on Energy Detection and Network Cooperation, in Proc of 1 st Intl.Workshop on Technology and Policy for Accessing Spectrum (TAPAS 2006), Boston, August 2006.
[19]Fehske A, Gaeddert J. A New Approach to Signal Classification Using Spectral Correlation and Neural Networks. IEEE DySPAN, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 2005, pp:144-150.
[20]Digham F.F, Alouini M. S, Simon M. K. On the energy detection of unknown signals over fading channels.2003.
[21]Jin Y, Ji H. Cyclic Autocorrelation Based Blind Parameter Estimation of PSK Signals.2006, pp:1293-1296.
[22]Gardner W.A. The spectral correlation theory of cyclostationary time-series[J]. Signal Processing,1986,11 (1):13-36.
[23]冯灏,认知无线电中频谱感知技术研究,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[24]黄智涛,周一宇,姜文利.循环平稳信号处理与应用[M].北京：科学出版 社,2006.
[25]赵丹,循环平稳检测在认知无线电中的应用.大众科技,2008年第1期,pp：16-17
[26]Dobre O.A, Rajan S, Inkol R. Exploitation of first-order cyclostationarity for joint signal detection and classification in cognitive radio, in Proc. IEEE VTC,2008,pp:1-5.
[27]Dobre O.A, Zhang Q, Rajan S, Inkol R. Second-order cyclostationarity of cyclically prefixed single carrier linear digital modulations with applications to signal recognition. in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM,2008,pp:1-5.
[28]张贤达,保铮,非平稳信号分析与处理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2001年7月.
[29]罗利春.谱相关的原理、功能与α截面谱表示[J].物理学报,2002,51(10)：2177-2182.
[30]漆渊,彭涛.认知无线电中基于循环平稳特征的频谱感知方法.重庆邮电大学学报,2009,Vol.21 NO.3,pp：353-357.
[31]史建锋,朱良学.有限数据下循环谱的频域平滑对称式周期图法估计性能分析[J].数据采集与处理,2004,Vol 19 NO.2,pp：155-159.
[32]魏鑫,张平.周期图法功率谱估计中的窗函数分析[J].现代电子技术,2005年第3期,pp：14-15.
[33]贾维敏,姚敏立,宋建社.信号循环平稳特性及其应用.现代雷达,2005,Vol.27 NO.9,pp：35-39.
[34]盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计：高等教育出版社,2001年12月.
[35]陈洄.基于循环谱相关的调制方式识别的研究[D].北京交通大学,2006年.
[36]罗利春.关于谱相关的几个问题——Ⅰ：数学来源与应用可行性.电子对抗,2002年2期,pp：20-25.
[37]罗利春.关于谱相关的几个问题——Ⅱ：物理功能与应用效果.电子对抗,2002年3期,pp：15-19.
[38]张晓林,徐建太,陈源胜.基于循环谱理论的BPSK直扩信号检测,信息技 术,2004,Vol.28 No.8,pp：30-32.
[39]史建锋,王可人.多径条件下BPSK信号的循环平稳特性[J].雷达科学与技术,2007,5(4)：296-299.
[40]史建锋,肖立胜.BPSK信号的循环频率α截面谱.雷达与对抗,2003年第3期,pp：30-32.
[41]陈四根,杨莘元.QPSK信号谱相关性质研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2003Vol.24 No.2,pp：208-211.
[42]黄奇珊,彭启琮,路友容.OFDM信号循环谱结构分析.电子与信息学报,2008,Vol.30 No.1,pp：134-138.
[43]蒋清平,杨士中,张天骐.OFDM信号循环谱分析及参数估计.计算机应用研究,2010,Vol.27 No.3,pp：1133-1135.
[44]Gardner W.A. Spectral Correlation of Modulated Signals:Part Ⅰ-Analog Modulation[J]. IEEE Transition Communications,1987,35(6):0584-0594.
[45]Gardner W. A, Brown W. A, Chen C. K. Spectral Correlation of Modulated Signals:Part Ⅱ-Digital Modulation[J]. IEEE Transition Communications, 1987,35(6):0595-0601.
[46]佟学俭,罗涛.OFDM移动通信技术原理与应用：人民邮电出版社,2003年6月.
[47]翟旭平,韩延坤.信号循环谱在衰落与多普勒信道中的特性.上海大学学报,2010,Vol.16 No.1.
[48]Sutton P.D, Nolan K.E, Doyle L.E. Cyclostationary Signature Detection in Multipath Rayleigh Fading Environments. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CrownCoM 2007), Aug 1-3,2007, Orlando, Florida,2007: 408-413.
[49]M. Failli (chairman) and COST 207 Management Committee. Digital Land Mobile Radio Communications:Final Report. Luxembourg:Commission of the European Communities,1989.
[50]Federal Communication Commission. ET Docket No 03-237 Notice of inquiry and notice of propised Rulemaking.2003.
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