攀钢炼钢厂RH真空处理自动控制系统
摘要
攀钢公司为了改善产品结构、增强市场竟争能力和提高经济效益，淘汰落后模铸系统，决定扩大连铸比并淘汰模铸，新建一台六流方坯连铸机、一台RH真空处理精炼装置、一座LF炉。这台新建RH真空处理装置年处理钢水100万吨，主要满足轨梁厂生产优质高速重轨和型钢的要求。作者作为该项目的三电部分主要参与人。
本文详细介绍了RH真空生产工艺过程和生产机械设备的特点和性能参数。针对传统的过程控制采用集散系统（DCS）、而逻辑顺序控制采用PLC系统，及针对传统的I/O信号都直接传送到控制室而花费大量的电缆等问题，基于现代PLC技术、现场总线、数字变频技术及计算机网络技术的发展，采用了西门子S7-400系列的PLC系统，解决了电控和仪控不能用同一控制系统和I/O信号采集处理不能分散在现场的问题。
本文针对RH真空生产工艺控制要求和生产机械设备控制要求，提出了RH真空处理的操作方式，详细设计了钢包车走行和钢包升降的控制过程、真空室插入管驱动气体控制功能、顶枪升降和顶枪加热控制功能、真空泵系统控制和真空度自动控制功能、铁合金上料系统自动控制的功能等，实现了中央控制室和操作站集中操作和监控，解决了密闭真空室安全加热的问题、真空合金下料控制精度问题等
本文介绍了RH真空处理精炼装置脱气循环原理和真空脱气的热力学和动力学原理，对RH真空处理精炼装置的二级计算机的状态模型和过程预测模型及子模块的处理方法进行了介绍和探讨。基于本RH真空处理精炼装置冶金功能要求和真空冶金理论的生产应用，引进了二级计算机冶金模型控制，稳定了工艺操作，确保了钢种的全部命中率和提高钢水质量，实现生产过程高度自动化。
RH真空处理的自动控制系统设计遵循了先进、可靠、实用的原则，节约投资的原则；设备选型和装备水平达到了当前先进的水平。这些工作对于攀钢以后的新建工程及改造工程的自动控制系统选择有一定的借鉴意义
In order to adjust structure of production、meet requirement of market and improve economic benefit、cancel old mould casting system，Pangang decided to enlarge continuous casting ratio and eliminate mould casting system，Pangang decided to install one new bloom casting machine、one new 130t LF plants、one new 130t RH degassing plants。This RH can treat 1000000t molten steel in every year，It meet mostly request of the rail mill that they produce high quality and high speed heavy rail。 The writer is a stuff member of this project.
This text introduce mainly the basic conditions and the control request of control system 、the produce process of RH degassing plant 、 performance of equipment for mechanism and electric , also analyzes in detail and builds up the automatic control system。It analyse and study detailedly control request 、control theory 、control level、 structure of control system、control function for automatic control system of newly-built RH degassing plant.on basis of the development of modern control technology and apply of the network technology and field bus technology， this text analyzes the basic theory of the RH plants and principle of degassing ; expatiates in detail the network configuration and communication protocol of Ethernet and Profibus-DP ; concretely describes the forms of control system configuration，the function and features of its software and hardware designs ; also , introduces in detail operate mode and control function of control system,，for example，top lance control、vacuum pump system control and alloying system control etc 。 This text also discussed status model and process prediction model for two level computer .
Design of automatic control system follow pioneer and credibility and usableness ,Also It keep to save investment.Quality of equipment achieve in advance level of the present age. Those work are provided for reference of newly-bulit project and changes for old project in Pangang corporations
本文详细介绍了RH真空生产工艺过程和生产机械设备的特点和性能参数。针对传统的过程控制采用集散系统（DCS）、而逻辑顺序控制采用PLC系统，及针对传统的I/O信号都直接传送到控制室而花费大量的电缆等问题，基于现代PLC技术、现场总线、数字变频技术及计算机网络技术的发展，采用了西门子S7-400系列的PLC系统，解决了电控和仪控不能用同一控制系统和I/O信号采集处理不能分散在现场的问题。
本文针对RH真空生产工艺控制要求和生产机械设备控制要求，提出了RH真空处理的操作方式，详细设计了钢包车走行和钢包升降的控制过程、真空室插入管驱动气体控制功能、顶枪升降和顶枪加热控制功能、真空泵系统控制和真空度自动控制功能、铁合金上料系统自动控制的功能等，实现了中央控制室和操作站集中操作和监控，解决了密闭真空室安全加热的问题、真空合金下料控制精度问题等
本文介绍了RH真空处理精炼装置脱气循环原理和真空脱气的热力学和动力学原理，对RH真空处理精炼装置的二级计算机的状态模型和过程预测模型及子模块的处理方法进行了介绍和探讨。基于本RH真空处理精炼装置冶金功能要求和真空冶金理论的生产应用，引进了二级计算机冶金模型控制，稳定了工艺操作，确保了钢种的全部命中率和提高钢水质量，实现生产过程高度自动化。
RH真空处理的自动控制系统设计遵循了先进、可靠、实用的原则，节约投资的原则；设备选型和装备水平达到了当前先进的水平。这些工作对于攀钢以后的新建工程及改造工程的自动控制系统选择有一定的借鉴意义
In order to adjust structure of production、meet requirement of market and improve economic benefit、cancel old mould casting system，Pangang decided to enlarge continuous casting ratio and eliminate mould casting system，Pangang decided to install one new bloom casting machine、one new 130t LF plants、one new 130t RH degassing plants。This RH can treat 1000000t molten steel in every year，It meet mostly request of the rail mill that they produce high quality and high speed heavy rail。 The writer is a stuff member of this project.
This text introduce mainly the basic conditions and the control request of control system 、the produce process of RH degassing plant 、 performance of equipment for mechanism and electric , also analyzes in detail and builds up the automatic control system。It analyse and study detailedly control request 、control theory 、control level、 structure of control system、control function for automatic control system of newly-built RH degassing plant.on basis of the development of modern control technology and apply of the network technology and field bus technology， this text analyzes the basic theory of the RH plants and principle of degassing ; expatiates in detail the network configuration and communication protocol of Ethernet and Profibus-DP ; concretely describes the forms of control system configuration，the function and features of its software and hardware designs ; also , introduces in detail operate mode and control function of control system,，for example，top lance control、vacuum pump system control and alloying system control etc 。 This text also discussed status model and process prediction model for two level computer .
Design of automatic control system follow pioneer and credibility and usableness ,Also It keep to save investment.Quality of equipment achieve in advance level of the present age. Those work are provided for reference of newly-bulit project and changes for old project in Pangang corporations
引文
[1] 徐曾啟。炉外精炼 冶金工业出版社 1994.6
[2] 张鉴。 炉外精炼的理论与实践 1999.6
[3] 攀钢钢铁生产工艺: 攀钢（集团）公司 1993.8
[4] 刘荣蒂。攀钢ＲＨ真空设备的特点及冶金功能. 《攀钢技术》1996.9
[5] 胡仁安.钢铁工业自动化的新技术上 《冶金自动化》 2001.2
[6] 胡仁安.钢铁工业自动化的新技术下 《冶金自动化》 2001.2
[7] 王文瑞.宝钢1550 mm冷轧三电系统概述 《冶金自动化》2001.6
[8] 戴汝为.看中国自动控制发展的前景 《冶金自动化》1999.3
[9] 王文瑞.宝钢三期工程三电系统概述 《冶金自动化》2000.1
[10] 何衍庆编著 集散控制系统原理及应用：（修订版）化学工业出版社 1999.5
[11] DOUGLASE.COMER著Computer Networks and internets 徐良贤等译 1997.6
[12] 薛兴昌.冶金自动化工程开发设计规范概述 《冶金自动化》1999.2
[13] 韩进生.三电系统工程设计阶段划分及工作内容《冶金自动化》1999.2
[14] 于常友.工业自动化技术的特点及工业自动化的重要性 《冶金自动化》 1999.2
[15] 傅杰.刚冶金过程动力学. 2001.5
[16] 邱公伟等.可编程控制器网络通信及应用 200.4
[17] 凌澄等.ＰＣ总线工业控制系统精粹 1998.5
[18] 张新薇. 集散系统基础及其应用 1990.2
[19] 陆祖廉等.炼钢炉后精炼的认识和选择 《第八届全国炼钢学术会议论文集》 1994.11
[20] 钢铁企业过程检测和控制自动化设计手册: 2000.7
[21] 李风喜等.武钢2号RH设备的消化吸收及国产化: 《第八届全国炼钢学术会议论文集》 1994.11
[22] 计算机网络（第三版） 重大研究生院 2001
[23] Rebuilding of RH No.1 at China Steel Corporation 1993.8
[24] PROFIBUS DIN 19245 Part1 and Part2: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[25] PROFIBUS DIN E 19245 Part4: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[26] Test specification for PROFIBUS-DP Slaves: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[27] Fibre optical data transfer for PROFIBUS: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[28] Profile for communication between controllers: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[29] Profile for Process Automation class A+B: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[30] Slide Set PROFIBUS,-DP,-PA, Overview: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[31] Prof. Bender,PROFIBUS -Fieldbus for Automation: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[32] Technical Brochure PROFIBUS: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[33] PROFIBUS for Process Automation : PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[34] S7-400 and M7-400 Module Specification Reference Manual: SIEMENS 1997.3
[35] Communication with SIMATIC: SIEMENS 1997.3
[36] Industrial Communication Networks NCM S7 for industrial Ethernet: SIEMENS 1996.8
[37] Industrial Communication S7 Programming Interface Description: SIEMENS 1995.9
[38] Industrial Communication Networks SEND/RECEIVE Programming Interface Manual: SIEMENS 1996.8
[39] STEP7 User Manual: SIEMENS 1996.8
[40] Standard Software for S7 and M7 STEP7 User Manual: SIEMENS 1996.8
[41] Secondary Metallurgy Ensures High Quality Steel: 1993
[2] 张鉴。 炉外精炼的理论与实践 1999.6
[3] 攀钢钢铁生产工艺: 攀钢（集团）公司 1993.8
[4] 刘荣蒂。攀钢ＲＨ真空设备的特点及冶金功能. 《攀钢技术》1996.9
[5] 胡仁安.钢铁工业自动化的新技术上 《冶金自动化》 2001.2
[6] 胡仁安.钢铁工业自动化的新技术下 《冶金自动化》 2001.2
[7] 王文瑞.宝钢1550 mm冷轧三电系统概述 《冶金自动化》2001.6
[8] 戴汝为.看中国自动控制发展的前景 《冶金自动化》1999.3
[9] 王文瑞.宝钢三期工程三电系统概述 《冶金自动化》2000.1
[10] 何衍庆编著 集散控制系统原理及应用：（修订版）化学工业出版社 1999.5
[11] DOUGLASE.COMER著Computer Networks and internets 徐良贤等译 1997.6
[12] 薛兴昌.冶金自动化工程开发设计规范概述 《冶金自动化》1999.2
[13] 韩进生.三电系统工程设计阶段划分及工作内容《冶金自动化》1999.2
[14] 于常友.工业自动化技术的特点及工业自动化的重要性 《冶金自动化》 1999.2
[15] 傅杰.刚冶金过程动力学. 2001.5
[16] 邱公伟等.可编程控制器网络通信及应用 200.4
[17] 凌澄等.ＰＣ总线工业控制系统精粹 1998.5
[18] 张新薇. 集散系统基础及其应用 1990.2
[19] 陆祖廉等.炼钢炉后精炼的认识和选择 《第八届全国炼钢学术会议论文集》 1994.11
[20] 钢铁企业过程检测和控制自动化设计手册: 2000.7
[21] 李风喜等.武钢2号RH设备的消化吸收及国产化: 《第八届全国炼钢学术会议论文集》 1994.11
[22] 计算机网络（第三版） 重大研究生院 2001
[23] Rebuilding of RH No.1 at China Steel Corporation 1993.8
[24] PROFIBUS DIN 19245 Part1 and Part2: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[25] PROFIBUS DIN E 19245 Part4: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[26] Test specification for PROFIBUS-DP Slaves: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[27] Fibre optical data transfer for PROFIBUS: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[28] Profile for communication between controllers: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[29] Profile for Process Automation class A+B: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[30] Slide Set PROFIBUS,-DP,-PA, Overview: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[31] Prof. Bender,PROFIBUS -Fieldbus for Automation: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[32] Technical Brochure PROFIBUS: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[33] PROFIBUS for Process Automation : PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[34] S7-400 and M7-400 Module Specification Reference Manual: SIEMENS 1997.3
[35] Communication with SIMATIC: SIEMENS 1997.3
[36] Industrial Communication Networks NCM S7 for industrial Ethernet: SIEMENS 1996.8
[37] Industrial Communication S7 Programming Interface Description: SIEMENS 1995.9
[38] Industrial Communication Networks SEND/RECEIVE Programming Interface Manual: SIEMENS 1996.8
[39] STEP7 User Manual: SIEMENS 1996.8
[40] Standard Software for S7 and M7 STEP7 User Manual: SIEMENS 1996.8
[41] Secondary Metallurgy Ensures High Quality Steel: 1993