曝气生物滤池处理城市污水的主要影响因素及细菌多样性研究
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摘要
本文以青岛麦岛污水处理厂的曝气生物滤池(BAF)为研究对象,分析其在处理以生活污水为主的典型城市污水时的处理效能。首先,考察了不同工艺运行条件与参数对曝气生物滤池净化效能的影响；然后,运用PCR分子生物学技术手段,通过构建16S rDNA基因文库,对青岛麦岛污水处理厂曝气生物滤池中滤料表面生物膜内的细菌多样性进行了系统发育分析；最后,给出了曝气生物滤池有机物降解动力学模型。
青岛市麦岛污水处理厂的曝气生物滤池对主要污染物COD、NH3-N和SS的年平均去除率分别为58.8%、56.2%和67.6%,处理效能稳定,出水水质能够达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的一级B排放标准,显示了该工艺具有良好的污水处理能力。
对曝气生物滤池处理城市污水的关键影响因素的研究结果表明,当滤池进水COD和NH3-N质量浓度分别为60-260mg/L和22-65 mg/L时,水力负荷范围为2.5-3.2 m3/m2·h；有机负荷范围为2.2-3.3 kg/m3 d；氨氮负荷范围为0.4-0.8 kg/m3 d；气水比为5：1；温度为15-28℃。NH3-N去除率与进水COD和NH3-N负荷负相关。
曝气生物滤池滤料表面生物膜内的细菌多样性研究结果表明,滤料表面的优势菌群分别是兼具呼吸／发酵代谢方式的β-变形菌、γ-变形菌和以发酵为主要代谢方式的拟杆菌属。细菌优势顺序为：β-proteobacterium类群(占38.6%),γ-proteobacterium类群(占18.2%),Bacteroidetes类群(占13.6%),α-proteobacterium类群(占9.1%),δ-proteobacterium类群和Nitrospirae类群(各占4.5%),Firmicutes类群(占2.3%),同时还存在9.1%的未知类群。滤池中主要的有机物去除功能菌是食酸假单胞菌、球衣菌、黄单胞菌和黄杆菌；优势亚硝化细菌为亚硝化单胞菌,优势硝化细菌为硝化螺菌；主要的反硝化细菌为生丝微菌和丛毛单胞菌。对测序得到的26个OUT用MEGA软件进行系统发育分析,同样表明滤料表面细菌多样性较强。
推导得出了曝气生物滤池去除有机物动力学模型,通过对有机底物降解动力学的分析和建模试,得出有机物降解模型为
In this paper, the Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) which was used in Qingdao Maidao sewage treatment plant was studied to analyze its treatment efficiency in treating typical municipal sewage which mainly composed of domestic sewage.First, focused on the influence of different operating conditions and process parameters on the performance of biological aerated filter purify effectiveness;Then, With the help of molecular ecology techniques, such as PCR, with constructing 16S rDNA gene library, bacteria diversity of BAF filter surface biofilm in Qingdao Maidao sewage treatment plant was analyzed by phylogenetic; Finally, BAF kinetics models of removing organic was given.
BAF was used in Qingdao Maidao Wastewater Treatment Plant for municipal wastewater treatment, major pollutants COD,NH3-N and SS removal rates of the annual average was 58.8%,56.2% and 67.6%, respectively. Processing performance and stability, the effluent indexes are better than the I-B criteria specified in Discharge Standard of Pollution for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB18198-2002),shows that the process has a good capacity of sewage treatment.
Research on Affecting Performance of Biological Aerated Filter for Municipal Wastewater Treatment, the results showed that when COD and NH3-N in influent were between 60-260mg/L and 22-65 mg/L, respectively, the optimum hydraulic loading was between 2.5-3.2m3/(m2h),the optimum COD loading in influent was between 2.2-3.3kg/(m3d),and the optimum NH3-N loading was between 0.4-0.8kg/(m3 d).The optimum gas to liquid ratio was 5:1.The optimum temperature was between 15-28℃. The removal rate was negatively related to COD and NH3-N loading in influent.
BAF bacterial diversity within the biofilm surface was studied;the results show that the dominant microorganisms of the filter surface areβ-proteobacteria, y-proteobacteria and bacteroidetes.Order of dominance isβ-proteobacterium sp. (accounting for 38.6%),γ-proteobacterium sp.(accounting for 18.2%),bacteroidetes sp. (accounting for 13.6%),α-proteobacterium sp.(accounting for 9.1%), 8-proteobacterium sp. and Nitrospirae sp.(each accounting for 4.5%),Firmicutes sp. (accounting for 2.3%),while there are still 9.1% of unknown groups.In the BAF, Pseudomonas,Sphaerotilus,Xanthomonas and Flavobacterium are dominant microorganisms to remove organic pollutants,Nitrosomonas sp.are advantage nitrosation bacteria, Nitrospira sp.are advantage nitrification bacteria, Hyphomicrobium and Comamonas sp.are advantage denitrifying bacteria.26 OUT phylotypes received from sequencing were analyzed with MEGA, the result also demonstrated that the bacterium on the filter surface in Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) have great diversity.
The kinetic model of removing organic of Biological Aerated Filter can be obtained through analyzing removal kinetic model of organic esterase:
青岛市麦岛污水处理厂的曝气生物滤池对主要污染物COD、NH3-N和SS的年平均去除率分别为58.8%、56.2%和67.6%,处理效能稳定,出水水质能够达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的一级B排放标准,显示了该工艺具有良好的污水处理能力。
对曝气生物滤池处理城市污水的关键影响因素的研究结果表明,当滤池进水COD和NH3-N质量浓度分别为60-260mg/L和22-65 mg/L时,水力负荷范围为2.5-3.2 m3/m2·h；有机负荷范围为2.2-3.3 kg/m3 d；氨氮负荷范围为0.4-0.8 kg/m3 d；气水比为5：1；温度为15-28℃。NH3-N去除率与进水COD和NH3-N负荷负相关。
曝气生物滤池滤料表面生物膜内的细菌多样性研究结果表明,滤料表面的优势菌群分别是兼具呼吸／发酵代谢方式的β-变形菌、γ-变形菌和以发酵为主要代谢方式的拟杆菌属。细菌优势顺序为：β-proteobacterium类群(占38.6%),γ-proteobacterium类群(占18.2%),Bacteroidetes类群(占13.6%),α-proteobacterium类群(占9.1%),δ-proteobacterium类群和Nitrospirae类群(各占4.5%),Firmicutes类群(占2.3%),同时还存在9.1%的未知类群。滤池中主要的有机物去除功能菌是食酸假单胞菌、球衣菌、黄单胞菌和黄杆菌；优势亚硝化细菌为亚硝化单胞菌,优势硝化细菌为硝化螺菌；主要的反硝化细菌为生丝微菌和丛毛单胞菌。对测序得到的26个OUT用MEGA软件进行系统发育分析,同样表明滤料表面细菌多样性较强。
推导得出了曝气生物滤池去除有机物动力学模型,通过对有机底物降解动力学的分析和建模试,得出有机物降解模型为
In this paper, the Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) which was used in Qingdao Maidao sewage treatment plant was studied to analyze its treatment efficiency in treating typical municipal sewage which mainly composed of domestic sewage.First, focused on the influence of different operating conditions and process parameters on the performance of biological aerated filter purify effectiveness;Then, With the help of molecular ecology techniques, such as PCR, with constructing 16S rDNA gene library, bacteria diversity of BAF filter surface biofilm in Qingdao Maidao sewage treatment plant was analyzed by phylogenetic; Finally, BAF kinetics models of removing organic was given.
BAF was used in Qingdao Maidao Wastewater Treatment Plant for municipal wastewater treatment, major pollutants COD,NH3-N and SS removal rates of the annual average was 58.8%,56.2% and 67.6%, respectively. Processing performance and stability, the effluent indexes are better than the I-B criteria specified in Discharge Standard of Pollution for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB18198-2002),shows that the process has a good capacity of sewage treatment.
Research on Affecting Performance of Biological Aerated Filter for Municipal Wastewater Treatment, the results showed that when COD and NH3-N in influent were between 60-260mg/L and 22-65 mg/L, respectively, the optimum hydraulic loading was between 2.5-3.2m3/(m2h),the optimum COD loading in influent was between 2.2-3.3kg/(m3d),and the optimum NH3-N loading was between 0.4-0.8kg/(m3 d).The optimum gas to liquid ratio was 5:1.The optimum temperature was between 15-28℃. The removal rate was negatively related to COD and NH3-N loading in influent.
BAF bacterial diversity within the biofilm surface was studied;the results show that the dominant microorganisms of the filter surface areβ-proteobacteria, y-proteobacteria and bacteroidetes.Order of dominance isβ-proteobacterium sp. (accounting for 38.6%),γ-proteobacterium sp.(accounting for 18.2%),bacteroidetes sp. (accounting for 13.6%),α-proteobacterium sp.(accounting for 9.1%), 8-proteobacterium sp. and Nitrospirae sp.(each accounting for 4.5%),Firmicutes sp. (accounting for 2.3%),while there are still 9.1% of unknown groups.In the BAF, Pseudomonas,Sphaerotilus,Xanthomonas and Flavobacterium are dominant microorganisms to remove organic pollutants,Nitrosomonas sp.are advantage nitrosation bacteria, Nitrospira sp.are advantage nitrification bacteria, Hyphomicrobium and Comamonas sp.are advantage denitrifying bacteria.26 OUT phylotypes received from sequencing were analyzed with MEGA, the result also demonstrated that the bacterium on the filter surface in Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) have great diversity.
The kinetic model of removing organic of Biological Aerated Filter can be obtained through analyzing removal kinetic model of organic esterase:
引文
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