无线自组织网络按需路由技术研究
|
摘要
无线自组网是一种无中心的网络,网络中的节点任意移动,节点既作为主机,又充当路由器。这些节点作为同等实体相互连接,实现信息分组的转发,同时都参与路由的发现和维护过程。由于无线自组网独有的网络特性:自组织、多跳、节点的随机移动等,传统的有线网络路由协议已不适用,因此,对该环境下路由协议的研究具有重要学术意义和应用价值。
本文以军事通信为应用背景,以军事通信对无线自组网的性能要求为主要目的,在分析和总结国内外对无线自组网技术,特别是网络结构体系、路由技术研究现状和存在的问题的基础上,对AODV路由协议的原理、特点以及存在的不足进行了全面分析,针对该协议存在的一些不足,提出了改进方法。改进后的AODV路由协议(MAODV)充分利用了无线信道的广播特性,建立后备路由信息。当主路由中断后,不采用AODV的本地路由修复机制,而是利用所建立的后备路由信息来进行通信。只有当没有后备路由存在时,才丢弃数据分组,并且向源节点发送一个路由错误信息,这时再由源节点发起一次路由寻找过程。
应用软件对MAODV路由协议和传统的ADOV路由协议进行了仿真,通过在节点不同移动速度下的网络性能进行仿真比较,结果表明,MAODV路由协议能有效地减小分组端到端传输的平均时延,降低协议开销,能够根据网络的拓扑变化进行自组织,完成路由的发现和分组的中转等基本功能,为自组网在军用通信中的运用奠定了基础。
Ad hoc network is a kind of networks without central controlling. Nodes, which are routers in Ad hoc, move randomly and connect to each other to transfer and repeat the package. All nodes cooperate to complete routing discovery and routing maintenance. Traditional routing protocol is not suitable for Ad hoc network, because of its characters: adaptive, multi-hop, random moving and so on. So, it is very important to research routing protocols for Ad hoc network.
This dissertation is based on military communication and the request of military communication for Ad hoc network. It analyze the ad hoc network technology especially network structure, researching status and some shortages for routing technology ,and the AODV routing protocol is also analyzed about its principle, characters and shortages. Then MAODV routing protocol are put forward by the author to improve some shortages of AODV. The MAODV routing protocol fully use the broadcast information from radio channel to establish backup routings. When the link is broken, the MAODV routing protocol repairs the link with backup routings instead of local repairing, that is used in AODV routing protocol. Package discarding is occurred when no backup routings exist in node cache, and a route error message is send to source node, then a new routing discover process will begin.
A simulation is done between MAODV and AODV with software. From the simulation results under different node speed, it indicates that MAODV could decrease the average of ETE delay and offer lower routing overhead effectively. MAODV can complete routing discovery, package retransfer and self-organize when the network topology is changed, MAODV routing protocol is useful to establish Ad hoc networks in military communication.
本文以军事通信为应用背景,以军事通信对无线自组网的性能要求为主要目的,在分析和总结国内外对无线自组网技术,特别是网络结构体系、路由技术研究现状和存在的问题的基础上,对AODV路由协议的原理、特点以及存在的不足进行了全面分析,针对该协议存在的一些不足,提出了改进方法。改进后的AODV路由协议(MAODV)充分利用了无线信道的广播特性,建立后备路由信息。当主路由中断后,不采用AODV的本地路由修复机制,而是利用所建立的后备路由信息来进行通信。只有当没有后备路由存在时,才丢弃数据分组,并且向源节点发送一个路由错误信息,这时再由源节点发起一次路由寻找过程。
应用软件对MAODV路由协议和传统的ADOV路由协议进行了仿真,通过在节点不同移动速度下的网络性能进行仿真比较,结果表明,MAODV路由协议能有效地减小分组端到端传输的平均时延,降低协议开销,能够根据网络的拓扑变化进行自组织,完成路由的发现和分组的中转等基本功能,为自组网在军用通信中的运用奠定了基础。
Ad hoc network is a kind of networks without central controlling. Nodes, which are routers in Ad hoc, move randomly and connect to each other to transfer and repeat the package. All nodes cooperate to complete routing discovery and routing maintenance. Traditional routing protocol is not suitable for Ad hoc network, because of its characters: adaptive, multi-hop, random moving and so on. So, it is very important to research routing protocols for Ad hoc network.
This dissertation is based on military communication and the request of military communication for Ad hoc network. It analyze the ad hoc network technology especially network structure, researching status and some shortages for routing technology ,and the AODV routing protocol is also analyzed about its principle, characters and shortages. Then MAODV routing protocol are put forward by the author to improve some shortages of AODV. The MAODV routing protocol fully use the broadcast information from radio channel to establish backup routings. When the link is broken, the MAODV routing protocol repairs the link with backup routings instead of local repairing, that is used in AODV routing protocol. Package discarding is occurred when no backup routings exist in node cache, and a route error message is send to source node, then a new routing discover process will begin.
A simulation is done between MAODV and AODV with software. From the simulation results under different node speed, it indicates that MAODV could decrease the average of ETE delay and offer lower routing overhead effectively. MAODV can complete routing discovery, package retransfer and self-organize when the network topology is changed, MAODV routing protocol is useful to establish Ad hoc networks in military communication.
引文
[1] 郑相全等.移动自组织网络技术实用教程.清华大学出版社.2004.6. pp151-152
[2] IETF RFC 2501, MANET Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation Consideration. txt
[3] 刘元安,唐碧华,胡月梅.ad hoc 网络中的路由算法.北京邮电大学学报.第 27卷.2004.4.pp127-131
[4] Andrew S.Tanenbaum 著.计算机网络(第四版).清华大学出版社.2004.8.pp52-60
[5] 米志超.无线自组网的路由协议及 Qos 路由选择算法的研究.博士学位论文.解放军理工大学.2002 年 6 月
[6] AIVAKUMAR R. A core extraction distributed Ad hoc routing algorithm.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.1999.17(8)..pp1380-1394
[7] 赵建利,宋雨.移动 Ad Hoc 网络路由技术综合分析.河北师范大学学报(自然科学版),第28 卷.2004.3.pp132-135
[8] MALTZ D,BROCH J,JETCHEVA J.The effects of on-demand behavior in routing protocols for multihop wireless ad hoc networks . IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.1999.17(8).pp1439-1453
[9] 张勖,冯美玉,程胜,丁炜.移动 Ad hoc 网络路由协议标准.电信工程技术与标准化.2004 年第 2 期.pp71-72
[10] Jaffe J M,Moss F H.A Responsive Distributed Routing Algorithm for Computer Networks.IEEE Transactions on Communications,1982.30(7). pp1758-1762
[11] 史美林,英春.自组网路由协议综述.通信学报.第 22 卷 11 期.2001.11.pp93-95
[12] 郑相全,郭伟,李帆.自组网 AODV 路由协议中断链修复的改进.电子科技大学学报.第32 卷第 5 期.2003.10.pp570-573
[13] David B Johnson,David A Maltz,Hu Yih-Chun. The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Networks(DSR).draft-ietf-manet-dsr-09.Txt.2003
[14] H Deng, W Li.Routing Security in wireless Ad Hoc networks. IEEE Communication Magazine.Oct.2002.10.pp70-75
[15] 徐静.无线 Ad Hoc 网络路由协议比较.广西通信技术.2004 年第 2 期.pp29-31
[16] L Zhou, Z J Haas.Securing Ad Hoc networks. IEEE Network Magazine.1999.6.pp24-30
[17] S ubirK umarDas,C .Siva Ram. Weight Based Multicast Routing Protocol for Ad hoc Wireless Networks.Global Telecommunications Conference.2002.GLOBECOM'02.IEEE Volume 1.17-21 Nov.2002 .pp117-121
[18] Lee SJ, Gerla M. AODV-BR: Backup routing in ad hoc networks. In: Proc. of the IEEE WCNC 2000. Chicago, 2000.pp1311-1316.
[19] 郑丽娜,许晓东,张晓敏.移动Ad Hoc网络AODV路由协议分析和改进.山东大学学报(工学版).第34卷 第1期.2004.2.pp96-97
[20] 肖永康, 山秀明等.无线Ad Hoc网络及其研究难点.电信科学.2002 .6.pp12-14
[21] Chiu-Kuo Liang, His-Shu Wang. An Ad Hoc On-Demand Routing Protocol with High Packet Delivery Fraction. IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems.2004.pp594-598
[22] 肖铎,张伟,屈万里.战术无线互连网初探.信息技术.2002年第2期.pp70-73
[23] 金红军.战斗互联网通信体系的研究.电讯技术.2003年第4期.pp96-99
[24] Wang L, Shu YT, Dong M, Zhang L, Yang OWW. Adaptive multipath source routing in ad hoc networks.In: Proc. of the IEEE Int’l Conf on Communications.2001.pp867-871.
[25] Song JH, Wong Vws, Leung VCM. Efficient on-demand routing for mobile ad hoc wireless access network.IEEE Journal On Sekected Areas In Communications 22(7)2004.9.pp99-114
[26] David Johnson B,David Maltz A.Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks.In Mobile Computing.edited by TomaszImielinski and Hank Korth,chapter 5.Kluwer Academic Publishers.1996.pp153- 181
[27] JOSHB,DAVIDA M,DAVIDBJ.A performance comparison of multihop wireless Ad hoc network routing protocols.MobiCom98,Dallas,USA,October 1998.pp24-27
[28] Charles E Perkins.Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector routing.Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Systems and Applications. New Orleans.May 1999.pp90-100
[29] C.LFullmer,J.J.Garcia Luna Aceves.Floor Equisition Multiple Access(FAMA)for Packet Radio Networks.Proceedings ACMSIGCOMM'95,September 1995,pp262-273
[30] Magnus Frodigh,Per Johansson.Wireless ad hoc networking-The art of networking without a network.Ericsson Review.2000.4. pp248-262
[31] 扬斌.移动自组网及QoS研究.舰船电子工程.2004年第3期. pp20-25
[32] 刘蓉.关于带宽延迟和成本控制的AODV分布式QoS路由算法.长沙通信职业技术学院学报.2004年第3期.pp35-37
[33] 余旭涛,毕光国,王霄峻,张在琛.Ad Hoc网络按需路由协议的改进.计算机学报.2004年第6期.pp838-844
[34] 朱西平,方旭明,饶伟栋.基于不同发送速率下移动自组网AODV路由协议的性能比较分析.计算机工程.2004年第7期.pp86-87
[35] Chakeres Ian D, Belding-Royer.AODV routing protocol implementation design.24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops.2004.pp698-703
[36] 徐彬辉,周克琴. Ad hoc网络组网研究. 中国数据通信.2002年第1期.pp66-70
[2] IETF RFC 2501, MANET Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation Consideration. txt
[3] 刘元安,唐碧华,胡月梅.ad hoc 网络中的路由算法.北京邮电大学学报.第 27卷.2004.4.pp127-131
[4] Andrew S.Tanenbaum 著.计算机网络(第四版).清华大学出版社.2004.8.pp52-60
[5] 米志超.无线自组网的路由协议及 Qos 路由选择算法的研究.博士学位论文.解放军理工大学.2002 年 6 月
[6] AIVAKUMAR R. A core extraction distributed Ad hoc routing algorithm.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.1999.17(8)..pp1380-1394
[7] 赵建利,宋雨.移动 Ad Hoc 网络路由技术综合分析.河北师范大学学报(自然科学版),第28 卷.2004.3.pp132-135
[8] MALTZ D,BROCH J,JETCHEVA J.The effects of on-demand behavior in routing protocols for multihop wireless ad hoc networks . IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.1999.17(8).pp1439-1453
[9] 张勖,冯美玉,程胜,丁炜.移动 Ad hoc 网络路由协议标准.电信工程技术与标准化.2004 年第 2 期.pp71-72
[10] Jaffe J M,Moss F H.A Responsive Distributed Routing Algorithm for Computer Networks.IEEE Transactions on Communications,1982.30(7). pp1758-1762
[11] 史美林,英春.自组网路由协议综述.通信学报.第 22 卷 11 期.2001.11.pp93-95
[12] 郑相全,郭伟,李帆.自组网 AODV 路由协议中断链修复的改进.电子科技大学学报.第32 卷第 5 期.2003.10.pp570-573
[13] David B Johnson,David A Maltz,Hu Yih-Chun. The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Networks(DSR).draft-ietf-manet-dsr-09.Txt.2003
[14] H Deng, W Li.Routing Security in wireless Ad Hoc networks. IEEE Communication Magazine.Oct.2002.10.pp70-75
[15] 徐静.无线 Ad Hoc 网络路由协议比较.广西通信技术.2004 年第 2 期.pp29-31
[16] L Zhou, Z J Haas.Securing Ad Hoc networks. IEEE Network Magazine.1999.6.pp24-30
[17] S ubirK umarDas,C .Siva Ram. Weight Based Multicast Routing Protocol for Ad hoc Wireless Networks.Global Telecommunications Conference.2002.GLOBECOM'02.IEEE Volume 1.17-21 Nov.2002 .pp117-121
[18] Lee SJ, Gerla M. AODV-BR: Backup routing in ad hoc networks. In: Proc. of the IEEE WCNC 2000. Chicago, 2000.pp1311-1316.
[19] 郑丽娜,许晓东,张晓敏.移动Ad Hoc网络AODV路由协议分析和改进.山东大学学报(工学版).第34卷 第1期.2004.2.pp96-97
[20] 肖永康, 山秀明等.无线Ad Hoc网络及其研究难点.电信科学.2002 .6.pp12-14
[21] Chiu-Kuo Liang, His-Shu Wang. An Ad Hoc On-Demand Routing Protocol with High Packet Delivery Fraction. IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems.2004.pp594-598
[22] 肖铎,张伟,屈万里.战术无线互连网初探.信息技术.2002年第2期.pp70-73
[23] 金红军.战斗互联网通信体系的研究.电讯技术.2003年第4期.pp96-99
[24] Wang L, Shu YT, Dong M, Zhang L, Yang OWW. Adaptive multipath source routing in ad hoc networks.In: Proc. of the IEEE Int’l Conf on Communications.2001.pp867-871.
[25] Song JH, Wong Vws, Leung VCM. Efficient on-demand routing for mobile ad hoc wireless access network.IEEE Journal On Sekected Areas In Communications 22(7)2004.9.pp99-114
[26] David Johnson B,David Maltz A.Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks.In Mobile Computing.edited by TomaszImielinski and Hank Korth,chapter 5.Kluwer Academic Publishers.1996.pp153- 181
[27] JOSHB,DAVIDA M,DAVIDBJ.A performance comparison of multihop wireless Ad hoc network routing protocols.MobiCom98,Dallas,USA,October 1998.pp24-27
[28] Charles E Perkins.Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector routing.Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Systems and Applications. New Orleans.May 1999.pp90-100
[29] C.LFullmer,J.J.Garcia Luna Aceves.Floor Equisition Multiple Access(FAMA)for Packet Radio Networks.Proceedings ACMSIGCOMM'95,September 1995,pp262-273
[30] Magnus Frodigh,Per Johansson.Wireless ad hoc networking-The art of networking without a network.Ericsson Review.2000.4. pp248-262
[31] 扬斌.移动自组网及QoS研究.舰船电子工程.2004年第3期. pp20-25
[32] 刘蓉.关于带宽延迟和成本控制的AODV分布式QoS路由算法.长沙通信职业技术学院学报.2004年第3期.pp35-37
[33] 余旭涛,毕光国,王霄峻,张在琛.Ad Hoc网络按需路由协议的改进.计算机学报.2004年第6期.pp838-844
[34] 朱西平,方旭明,饶伟栋.基于不同发送速率下移动自组网AODV路由协议的性能比较分析.计算机工程.2004年第7期.pp86-87
[35] Chakeres Ian D, Belding-Royer.AODV routing protocol implementation design.24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops.2004.pp698-703
[36] 徐彬辉,周克琴. Ad hoc网络组网研究. 中国数据通信.2002年第1期.pp66-70