约束H型钢柱的火灾行为研究
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摘要
钢结构具有自重轻、施工快、抗震性能好、可利用的建筑面积大等优点,因而在建筑结构,尤其是工业厂房和高层建筑中得到较广泛的应用。然而,钢结构的耐火性能差,在高温下强度、弹性模量急剧下降。当温度达到600℃,钢材基本上丧失全部强度和刚度,无防火措施的钢结构在较短的时间内就可能倒塌。因此,随着钢结构在建筑工程中发挥着日益重要的作用,又基于钢材的不耐火性,对各类钢柱抗火性能及有效的抗火方法的研究已经成为学术界和工程界所关注的热点问题。
本文以约束H型受火钢柱为研究对象,在考虑非均匀温度场和柱端变化约束的基础上,提出了火灾下约束H型钢柱的力学计算模型。针对现有的火灾试验结果,使用有限元程序MSC.Marc分别对构成计算模型的两个重要要素(非均匀瞬态温度场和柱端约束)进行详细的计算分析,探讨了不同着火模式下的钢柱截面非均匀温度分布规律和柱端约束随温度变化的关系。在此基础上,进行了不同条件下H型钢柱的火灾行为分析,即分别对非均匀温度场分布、轴压比以及柱端约束等火灾行为的影响因素进行了详细的参数分析,探讨了轴心受压作用下的约束钢柱的火灾行为以及破坏机理。针对现有文献试验设计的不足,本文进一步设计了在钢梁约束情况下的H型钢柱,分别开展了在轴向约束、转角约束以及自由膨胀情况下的无荷载H型钢柱火灾试验,进一步探讨了H型钢柱在钢梁约束情况下的火灾行为。最后通过以上分析研究,总结了约束H型钢柱的火灾行为以及破坏机理,得到了一些对H型钢柱的抗火设计具有一定参考价值的结论。
The steel structures are widely used in modern high buildings or industrial factory due to their advantage properties such as light weight, well seismic performance and so on. However, the poor fire-resistant ability is also the weakness of the steel structures, in which its yield strength, when the temperature is up to 400℃, would decrease the half of the yield strength at the normal temperature, and the steel will lost most of its strength and rigidity when the temperature up to 600℃. As steel structures are playing more and more important roles in the constructional engineering, research on fire resistance and fire protection of the steel structures has been a hot topic in the academia and Engineering nowadays due to the poorly fire-resistant ability of steel.
Considering the influence of non-uniform temperature field and the end restraints to the fire behavior of steel column, the new computational modeling of restrained H-steel column under the fire is proposed in the paper at first. Refering to the existing experiment of a restrained column, the finite element procedure MSC.marc are employed to compute the non-uniform temperature field and the end restraints of the column. Based on the above analysis, the behavior and failure mechanism of H-steel column in fire are analyzed, and discussed for various conditions. In addition, the effect of non-uniform temperature field, axial-load ratio and the end restraints of column are analyzed in detail. Due to the shortcoming of the existing fire experiment, the steel column under the constraint of steel beam is designed , and the experiment of behaviour of the column in fire is carried out. In the experiment, the behavior of the restrained steel columns are further researched, whose ends are axially restrained, unsymmetrically restrained and free, respectively. In the end, the fire behavior and failure mechanism of restrained steel columns are summed up , and some suggestions are obtained which can be used as basis of fire-resistance design of steel columns.
本文以约束H型受火钢柱为研究对象,在考虑非均匀温度场和柱端变化约束的基础上,提出了火灾下约束H型钢柱的力学计算模型。针对现有的火灾试验结果,使用有限元程序MSC.Marc分别对构成计算模型的两个重要要素(非均匀瞬态温度场和柱端约束)进行详细的计算分析,探讨了不同着火模式下的钢柱截面非均匀温度分布规律和柱端约束随温度变化的关系。在此基础上,进行了不同条件下H型钢柱的火灾行为分析,即分别对非均匀温度场分布、轴压比以及柱端约束等火灾行为的影响因素进行了详细的参数分析,探讨了轴心受压作用下的约束钢柱的火灾行为以及破坏机理。针对现有文献试验设计的不足,本文进一步设计了在钢梁约束情况下的H型钢柱,分别开展了在轴向约束、转角约束以及自由膨胀情况下的无荷载H型钢柱火灾试验,进一步探讨了H型钢柱在钢梁约束情况下的火灾行为。最后通过以上分析研究,总结了约束H型钢柱的火灾行为以及破坏机理,得到了一些对H型钢柱的抗火设计具有一定参考价值的结论。
The steel structures are widely used in modern high buildings or industrial factory due to their advantage properties such as light weight, well seismic performance and so on. However, the poor fire-resistant ability is also the weakness of the steel structures, in which its yield strength, when the temperature is up to 400℃, would decrease the half of the yield strength at the normal temperature, and the steel will lost most of its strength and rigidity when the temperature up to 600℃. As steel structures are playing more and more important roles in the constructional engineering, research on fire resistance and fire protection of the steel structures has been a hot topic in the academia and Engineering nowadays due to the poorly fire-resistant ability of steel.
Considering the influence of non-uniform temperature field and the end restraints to the fire behavior of steel column, the new computational modeling of restrained H-steel column under the fire is proposed in the paper at first. Refering to the existing experiment of a restrained column, the finite element procedure MSC.marc are employed to compute the non-uniform temperature field and the end restraints of the column. Based on the above analysis, the behavior and failure mechanism of H-steel column in fire are analyzed, and discussed for various conditions. In addition, the effect of non-uniform temperature field, axial-load ratio and the end restraints of column are analyzed in detail. Due to the shortcoming of the existing fire experiment, the steel column under the constraint of steel beam is designed , and the experiment of behaviour of the column in fire is carried out. In the experiment, the behavior of the restrained steel columns are further researched, whose ends are axially restrained, unsymmetrically restrained and free, respectively. In the end, the fire behavior and failure mechanism of restrained steel columns are summed up , and some suggestions are obtained which can be used as basis of fire-resistance design of steel columns.
引文
[1]李国强,韩林海,楼国彪,蒋首超.钢结构及钢-混凝土组合结构抗火设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[2] Asif Usmani. Fundamental principles of structural behavior in fire, Proceeding of the Tian-jin Workshop on Structural Engineering for Fire Resistance, Tian-jin, 2002
[3] Wang Y.C. The Importance of Considering Whole Structural Behavior in Fire, International Symposium on Structures in Fire, October 2002, Singapore, pp.119-132.
[4] Spyros Spyrou, Buick Davison lan Burgess Roger Plank. Experimental and analytical studies of steel joint components at elevated temperatures, Structure in fire, Chistchurch, 2002
[5] Olli Kaitila. Finite element modeling of cold-formed steel members at high temperatures, Helsinki university of technology laboratory of steel structures publications 24, 2002
[6] Outinen J O, Makelaninen P. High-temperature testing of structural steel and modeling of structures at high temperature, Helsinki university of technology laboratory of steel structures publications 23, 2001
[7] C.G.Bailey, D.B.Moore, T.Lennon. The structural behavior of steel columns during a compartment fire in a multi-storey braced steel-frame, Journal of constructional steel research, 1999
[8] Asif Usmani. Modeling of structures in fire, Proceeding of the Tianjin Workshop on Structural Engineering for Fire Resistance, Tian-jin, 2002
[9] Asif Usmani. Performance-based design of steel structures in fire, Proceeding of the Tianjin Workshop on Structural Engineering for Fire Resistance, Tianjin, 2002
[10] Cheng, Wun-Chau, Mak, Cary K. Computer analysis of steel frame in fire,ASCE J Struct Div, v 101,n 4, Apr, 1975
[11] Furumura, Fukujiro, Shinohara, Yasuji. Inelastic behavior of protected steel beams and frames in fire, Telcom Report(English Edition), 1978
[12] Rubert, Achim, Schaumann, Peter. Structural steel and plane frame assemblies under fire action, Fire Safety Journal, v 10, n 3, May,1986
[13] Najjar S R, Burgess I W. A nonlinear analysis for three-dimensional frames in fire conditions, Engineering Structures Volume:18, Issue:1, January, 1996
[14]蒋首超.钢-混凝土组合楼盖抗火性能理论与试验研究[D].上海:同济大学,2000
[15]赵金城.高温下钢材力学性能的试验研究[J].建筑结构,2000,(4):10-15
[16]李国强,张晓进,蒋首超.高温下SM41钢的材料性能试验研究[J].工业建筑,2001,(6):57-59
[17]李国强,李明菲,殷颖智.高温下高强度螺栓20MnTiB钢的材料性能试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2001.34(5):100-104
[18]谭巍.高温(火灾)条件下钢结构材料性能研究及钢框架结构反应的分析研究[D].上海:同济大学,1998
[19]殷颖智.钢结构高强螺栓受拉及受剪连接在高温(火灾)下的性能[D].上海:同济大学,2000
[20]吕彤光.高温下钢筋的强大和变形试验研究[D].北京:清华大学,1996
[21]马忠诚.火灾下钢筋混凝土结构损伤评估与抗震修复[D].黑龙江:哈尔滨建筑大学,1997
[22]胡客旭.室内火灾模化与结构受火灾作用的全过程分析[D].上海:同济大学,1992
[23]赵金城,沈祖炎.钢结构抗火设计的燃烧模型及温度传播[J].工业建筑,1994,(7):12-15
[24]袁理明,范维澄.大空间建筑火灾中热烟气层发展规律的理论分析[J].自然灾害学报,1998,7(1):21-26
[25]蒋首超,李国强.火灾下钢结构构件的升温[J] .钢结构,1996,11(2):19-24
[26]丁军,李国强,蒋首超.火灾下钢结构构件的温度分析[J].钢结构,2002,17(2):53-56
[27] Wang Y C, Lennon T, Moore D B. The behavior of steel frames subject to fire[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 1995 (35): 291-322
[28] Burgess I W, Olawale A O, Plank R J. Failure of steel columns in fire[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 1992(18): 183-201
[29] Osenbruggen P J, Aggarwa1V, Culver C G. Steel column failure under thermal gradients [J]. Journal of structural Division, ASCE, 1973, 99 (ST4):727-739
[30] Shaples J R, Plank R J, Nethercot D A. Load-temperature deformation behavior of partially protected steel columns in fire[J]. Engineering structures, 1994, 16(8):637-643
[31] Feng M, Wang Y C, Davies J M. Axial strength of cold-formed thin-wailed steel channels under non-uniform temperatures in fire[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2003, 38(8):679-707
[32] Witteveen J, Twilt L. A critical view of the results of standard fire resistance tests on steel columns[J]. Fire Safety Journal,4,259- 270
[33] Simms W I, O 'Connor D J, Ali F, et al. An experimental investigation on the structural performance of steel columns subjected to elevated temperatures[J]. Journal of Applied Fire Science, 1995-1996, 5(4):269-270
[34] Neves I C. The critical temperature of steel columns with restrain thermal elongation[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 1995, 24(3):211-212
[35] Franssen J M. Failure temperature of a system comprising a restrained column submitted to fire[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2000, 34( 2):191-194
[36] Correia Rodrigues J P, Cabrita Neves I, Valente J C. Experimental research on the critical temperature of compressed steel elements with restrained thermal elongation[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2000, 35(2):77-78
[37] Wang Y C. Post buckling behavior of axially restrained and axially loaded steel columns under f ire conditions[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2004, 130(3):371
[38]李国强,沈祖炎.高温下轴心受压钢构件的极限承载力[J].建筑结构,1993,(9):23-25
[39]李国强.钢梁抗火计算和设计的实用方法[J].工业建筑,1994,(7):43-46
[40]李国强,杨明,王尔玺.钢柱抗火计算和设计的实用方法[J].工业建筑,1995,25(2):31-37
[41]王培军,李国强.轴向约束钢框架柱火灾升温下屈曲后性能研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(4):438-443
[42]李国强,王培军.轴向约束梁柱在火灾引起温度沿截面不均匀分布条件下的大变形分析[J].力学季刊,2007,28(2):246-255
[43]李晓东.H型截面钢框架抗火性能的试验研究及非线性有限元分析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2006
[44]李晓东,董毓利,田砾.H型截面钢柱抗火性能的试验研究[J].工业建筑,2006,36(7):75-78
[45]李晓东,董毓利.一端固定一端铰接H形截面钢柱抗火性能试验研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2006,32(3):7-32
[46]李晓东,董毓利,吕俊利.轴心受压H型截面钢柱火灾行为的试验研究[J].实验力学,2005,20(3):328-334
[47]计琳,赵均海,翟越.轴向约束对钢结构柱抗火性能的影响[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2006,23(4):64-69
[48]计琳.热轧槽钢柱在轴向约束下的抗火分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,39(1):98-104
[49]汪敏,石少卿,刘仁辉.轴向约束钢柱的抗火性能研究[J].工业建筑,2007,37(2):645-648
[50]陈火红.Marc有限元实例分析教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[2] Asif Usmani. Fundamental principles of structural behavior in fire, Proceeding of the Tian-jin Workshop on Structural Engineering for Fire Resistance, Tian-jin, 2002
[3] Wang Y.C. The Importance of Considering Whole Structural Behavior in Fire, International Symposium on Structures in Fire, October 2002, Singapore, pp.119-132.
[4] Spyros Spyrou, Buick Davison lan Burgess Roger Plank. Experimental and analytical studies of steel joint components at elevated temperatures, Structure in fire, Chistchurch, 2002
[5] Olli Kaitila. Finite element modeling of cold-formed steel members at high temperatures, Helsinki university of technology laboratory of steel structures publications 24, 2002
[6] Outinen J O, Makelaninen P. High-temperature testing of structural steel and modeling of structures at high temperature, Helsinki university of technology laboratory of steel structures publications 23, 2001
[7] C.G.Bailey, D.B.Moore, T.Lennon. The structural behavior of steel columns during a compartment fire in a multi-storey braced steel-frame, Journal of constructional steel research, 1999
[8] Asif Usmani. Modeling of structures in fire, Proceeding of the Tianjin Workshop on Structural Engineering for Fire Resistance, Tian-jin, 2002
[9] Asif Usmani. Performance-based design of steel structures in fire, Proceeding of the Tianjin Workshop on Structural Engineering for Fire Resistance, Tianjin, 2002
[10] Cheng, Wun-Chau, Mak, Cary K. Computer analysis of steel frame in fire,ASCE J Struct Div, v 101,n 4, Apr, 1975
[11] Furumura, Fukujiro, Shinohara, Yasuji. Inelastic behavior of protected steel beams and frames in fire, Telcom Report(English Edition), 1978
[12] Rubert, Achim, Schaumann, Peter. Structural steel and plane frame assemblies under fire action, Fire Safety Journal, v 10, n 3, May,1986
[13] Najjar S R, Burgess I W. A nonlinear analysis for three-dimensional frames in fire conditions, Engineering Structures Volume:18, Issue:1, January, 1996
[14]蒋首超.钢-混凝土组合楼盖抗火性能理论与试验研究[D].上海:同济大学,2000
[15]赵金城.高温下钢材力学性能的试验研究[J].建筑结构,2000,(4):10-15
[16]李国强,张晓进,蒋首超.高温下SM41钢的材料性能试验研究[J].工业建筑,2001,(6):57-59
[17]李国强,李明菲,殷颖智.高温下高强度螺栓20MnTiB钢的材料性能试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2001.34(5):100-104
[18]谭巍.高温(火灾)条件下钢结构材料性能研究及钢框架结构反应的分析研究[D].上海:同济大学,1998
[19]殷颖智.钢结构高强螺栓受拉及受剪连接在高温(火灾)下的性能[D].上海:同济大学,2000
[20]吕彤光.高温下钢筋的强大和变形试验研究[D].北京:清华大学,1996
[21]马忠诚.火灾下钢筋混凝土结构损伤评估与抗震修复[D].黑龙江:哈尔滨建筑大学,1997
[22]胡客旭.室内火灾模化与结构受火灾作用的全过程分析[D].上海:同济大学,1992
[23]赵金城,沈祖炎.钢结构抗火设计的燃烧模型及温度传播[J].工业建筑,1994,(7):12-15
[24]袁理明,范维澄.大空间建筑火灾中热烟气层发展规律的理论分析[J].自然灾害学报,1998,7(1):21-26
[25]蒋首超,李国强.火灾下钢结构构件的升温[J] .钢结构,1996,11(2):19-24
[26]丁军,李国强,蒋首超.火灾下钢结构构件的温度分析[J].钢结构,2002,17(2):53-56
[27] Wang Y C, Lennon T, Moore D B. The behavior of steel frames subject to fire[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 1995 (35): 291-322
[28] Burgess I W, Olawale A O, Plank R J. Failure of steel columns in fire[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 1992(18): 183-201
[29] Osenbruggen P J, Aggarwa1V, Culver C G. Steel column failure under thermal gradients [J]. Journal of structural Division, ASCE, 1973, 99 (ST4):727-739
[30] Shaples J R, Plank R J, Nethercot D A. Load-temperature deformation behavior of partially protected steel columns in fire[J]. Engineering structures, 1994, 16(8):637-643
[31] Feng M, Wang Y C, Davies J M. Axial strength of cold-formed thin-wailed steel channels under non-uniform temperatures in fire[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2003, 38(8):679-707
[32] Witteveen J, Twilt L. A critical view of the results of standard fire resistance tests on steel columns[J]. Fire Safety Journal,4,259- 270
[33] Simms W I, O 'Connor D J, Ali F, et al. An experimental investigation on the structural performance of steel columns subjected to elevated temperatures[J]. Journal of Applied Fire Science, 1995-1996, 5(4):269-270
[34] Neves I C. The critical temperature of steel columns with restrain thermal elongation[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 1995, 24(3):211-212
[35] Franssen J M. Failure temperature of a system comprising a restrained column submitted to fire[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2000, 34( 2):191-194
[36] Correia Rodrigues J P, Cabrita Neves I, Valente J C. Experimental research on the critical temperature of compressed steel elements with restrained thermal elongation[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2000, 35(2):77-78
[37] Wang Y C. Post buckling behavior of axially restrained and axially loaded steel columns under f ire conditions[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2004, 130(3):371
[38]李国强,沈祖炎.高温下轴心受压钢构件的极限承载力[J].建筑结构,1993,(9):23-25
[39]李国强.钢梁抗火计算和设计的实用方法[J].工业建筑,1994,(7):43-46
[40]李国强,杨明,王尔玺.钢柱抗火计算和设计的实用方法[J].工业建筑,1995,25(2):31-37
[41]王培军,李国强.轴向约束钢框架柱火灾升温下屈曲后性能研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(4):438-443
[42]李国强,王培军.轴向约束梁柱在火灾引起温度沿截面不均匀分布条件下的大变形分析[J].力学季刊,2007,28(2):246-255
[43]李晓东.H型截面钢框架抗火性能的试验研究及非线性有限元分析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2006
[44]李晓东,董毓利,田砾.H型截面钢柱抗火性能的试验研究[J].工业建筑,2006,36(7):75-78
[45]李晓东,董毓利.一端固定一端铰接H形截面钢柱抗火性能试验研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2006,32(3):7-32
[46]李晓东,董毓利,吕俊利.轴心受压H型截面钢柱火灾行为的试验研究[J].实验力学,2005,20(3):328-334
[47]计琳,赵均海,翟越.轴向约束对钢结构柱抗火性能的影响[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2006,23(4):64-69
[48]计琳.热轧槽钢柱在轴向约束下的抗火分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,39(1):98-104
[49]汪敏,石少卿,刘仁辉.轴向约束钢柱的抗火性能研究[J].工业建筑,2007,37(2):645-648
[50]陈火红.Marc有限元实例分析教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003