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拓展训练在高校公共体育教学中的推广研究
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摘要
在当今社会快速发展,竞争日趋激烈的形势下,每个人都面临着巨大的挑战,所以,增强自己的社会适应能力显得尤为重要。传统的体育教学模式基本上以“教”为主,培养学生在知识、技能等方面的能力,并且掌握一些科学锻炼身体的方法,但是对大学生的心理素质重视不够。随着社会的发展,大学生在面临巨大压力和挑战时,往往缺乏自信、勇气和胆量,在与人合作交往中主动性和意识不够强。为了更好地适应社会的发展,这就迫切需要一种新的体育教学模式出现。拓展训练这种新式的教学模式,对磨练人的意志,培养完善人格和团队协作、交流能力具有很大作用。本文主要通过对普通高校公共体育教学中存在的问题进行分析,对拓展训练在普通高校公共体育课中推广的可行性进行探索研究。同时分析影响拓展训练在普通高校公共体育课中推广的因素,为普通高校体育教学模式的改革提供可行性的对策。
     本研究以拓展训练在普通高校公共体育教学中的推广为研究对象,采用文献资料法、访谈法、逻辑分析法。研究认为:
     1.拓展训练在中国发展较快,但在普通高校发展还处于起步阶段,当前拓展训练在各高校所开展的项目不尽相同,一般会开展的项目为场地项目、野外项目和水上项目。
     2.目前普通高校公共体育课的教学模式依然是以教师教为主,学生学为主。但是当今社会对学生的要求提高了,对大学生的综合素养要求提高了。新的教育模式不仅注重学生的文化知识程度,也注重学生的精神层面;把人的社会角色定位与人的全面发展相结合。传统教育模式的不足之处需要改进。
     3.拓展训练适合当代大学生的个性要求,对提高大学生自我管理能力、社交能力具有很大帮助。拓展训练完全强调以学生为主,它打破了传统的教学模式,学生的角色从“要我学”的被动接受者转变成了“我要学”主动参与者。拓展训练的活动方式灵活多变,场地和器材都是根据上课的主题设计场景,并根据不同的主题让学生积极回顾讨论,总结成功和失败的经验,将这种自我管理和团队协作、沟通的精神运用到现实生活中去。这些方面正是传统体育教学无法达到的教学目标。
     4.开设拓展训练课程是适应社会发展的需要,是素质教育的需要,是现代教育理念的体现,对传统体育教学的补充,所以在高校公共体育教学中有必要引入拓展训练。
     5.拓展训练作为一种全新的体验式学习方式对体育教学进行改革与创新,弥补了传统体育教育的缺陷与不足。它符合现代教学理念,它有利于挖掘个人潜能,激发学生的学习兴趣、增强人际交往能力、提高沟通技巧、培养团队合作意识以及服务和付出精神,而且在高校中的场地器材、师资与学科建设等方面条件基础良好,在高校体育课程中引入拓展训练是可行的。
     6.资金匮乏,完善的培训场地较少,安全因素,出于慎和怕担待责任,校级领导的支持力度不够,推广力度不够,缺少相应教育发展策略,相关师资培训体系不健全,学生的认知程度低等方面是影响拓展训练在普通高校公共体育课中推广的主要因素。
     7.更新观念,解放思想,拓展师资,优势互补,明确目标,统筹规划,循序渐进,注重细节,保障安全,合理利用场地,结合实际开展拓展训练,灵活运用一切可利用资源等是促进拓展训练在普通高校公共体育课教学中的推广的有效对策。
Nowadays, every student is confronted with great pressure in this fast-growing societywith ever fiercer competition, providing the prominence for strengthening one’s socialadaptation ability. Mainly based on “teaching”, traditional physical education aimed torender students knowledge and skills and some methods for exercise in a scientific way.However, it pays less attention to the mental qualities of college students. With theadvancement of society, college students usually display the lack of self-confidence andcourage in the face of great pressure and challenges. Moreover, their sense of initiative ininterpersonal relations entails to be further improved. All of the needs above call for a newphysical education mode. Outward-bound training plays a significant role in cultivatingstudents with a strong will, a perfect personality and the ability to cooperate andcommunicate with other team members. Based on the analysis of some problems existingin college physical education, the thesis serves as a pioneer research of the feasibility of thepopularization of outward-bound training in college public sport teaching. At the sametime, factors influencing the popularization will also be analyzed. Afterwards,corresponding methods for college physical education reform will be suggested.
     The Popularization of Outward-Bound Training in College Public Sport Teachingbeing the research object, this thesis has applied a combination of research methods, suchas document literature resourcing, interviews and logical analysis. The research has madethe following conclusions.
     1. Outward-bound training in China developed rapidly, but still in its infancy inuniversities. The general Outward-bound training events presently carried out in collegesand universities are quite different, such as venue event, field event and water event.
     2. Currently, the teaching method in most college physical education is still focusingon the teaching and learning. However, the society has made higher demands on students’overall qualities. The new teaching method pays emphasis on not only students’ academicknowledge, but also spiritual cultivation. It combines one’s social role with hiscomprehensive development. Shortcomings in traditional physical education are in need for amendment.
     3. Outward-bound training meets college students’ personality, playing an importantrole in enhancing college students’ abilities of self-management and sociability. Withstudents as its principal part, outward-bound training grants students a role transformationfrom passive to positive in education learners. Outward-bound training varies in activitiesaccording to class topics. Fields and equipment are designed differently every time so thatstudents are able to take part in reviewing and discussion actively and acquire experiencesfrom either success or failures. Consequently, the self-management and team spirit may beapplied in real life. Apparently, it seems an unachievable goal for traditional physicaleducation.
     4. The outward-bound training meets the need for social development andquality-oriented education. It embodies modern education theory and serves as substitutionfor traditional physical education. Therefore, it is a must for college public physicaleducation.
     5. As a brand new experiential teaching method, outward-bound training is the reformand innovation of physical education and can make up for the defects of traditionalphysical education. It is accordant with the development of modern education. Not onlycan it help stimulate students' potential and interests in learning, but also help improvetheir communicational abilities and skills, cultivate their team cooperation awareness andmake them learn to serve and give. What's more, good equipments, disciplinaryconstruction and sufficient teachers in colleges make it plausible to introduce outdoorexpand training into physical education curriculum.
     6.There are also several factors restricting the popularization of outward-boundtraining in colleges, such as lack of funds, worries about safety, administrative factors,unsufficient support and promotion, students' low cognitive degree of, outward-boundtraining, etc.
     7.To popularize outward-bound training in college public sport teaching, it is aneffective way to strengthen the training of teachers, to offer students-oriented curriculum,to increase students' awareness of safety and to ensure rational utilization of the field.
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