高应力软岩巷道支护技术研究
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摘要
巷道支护问题一直影响着矿区正常生产,尤其是高应力软岩巷道稳定性控制,一直是矿业工程难点问题之一。20世纪80年代初锚喷支护的应用基本解决了浅部地层巷道的支护问题,但随着开采深度的增加,地应力增大,地质条件恶化,大断面软岩巷道支护等问题的出现,使巷道支护又变得十分困难。因此研究深井高应力软岩巷道的合理支护技术具有非常重要的现实意义。
本文通过对高应力软岩巷道变形破坏特征和各种变形破坏形态的分析,研究了巷道围岩变形破坏力学机制,并运用弹塑性理论计算分析了巷道围岩弹塑性区应力、应变状况,得出了支护抗力与塑性区半径的变化关系。针对高应力软岩巷道破坏机理,对不同支护作用机理进行了详细的分析与探讨,在此基础上提出了一次锚网索喷支护,二次锚+砌碹加固的联合支护技术。以龙固矿高应力软岩巷道为研究对象,通过围岩特性计算,确立了龙固矿主泵房的支护结构和支护参数。为了检验支护体系的合理性以龙固矿主泵房为试验硐室进行了不同支护的数值模拟计算,通过对应力、变形、塑性区的发展等方面支护效果的对比,验证了这种联合支护技术正是解决高应力软岩巷道支护行之有效的方法。在井下,这一支护技术的应用取得良好的支护效果和经济效果,对指导高应力软岩巷道工程具有理论和实践意义。
The support of roadway affects always the normal operation in mining areas. Especially the control of stability of heavily stressed weak-rock roadway is almost one of the most difficult problems in mining projects. The application of bolt spraying support in the early 1980s has solved the supporting problems in shallow roadway. But with the deeper exploration the ground stress increases, geological conditions get worse, and the weak-rock roadway has much more large sections. These problems once again make the support of roadway more difficult. So the research in optimized support technology of deep heavily stressed weak-rock roadway is nowadays very valuable.
In this paper, across the analysis of failure features and deformation shape in deep weak-rock roadway, the mechanism of roadway surrounding rock deformation has been investigated, and with the elastic-plastic theory, the elastic-plastic bolt reinforcement structure district stress and strain status are calculated and analyzed, and the support and resistance changes in the radius of the plastic zone relations are educed. Against the mechanism of roadway surrounding rock deformation, The different support mechanism are detailed analyzed, on this base the bolting, netting, anchoring, spraying of the fist support ,grouting and building of second reinforcement of jointed support technology is brought forward. Longgu-mine heavily stress weak-rock roadway as research object, across the calculation of surrounding rock Characteristics the design conditions have been offered in this paper. The pumping room of Longgu-mine as a pilot chamber was simulated through the different support in order to test the reasonableness of support structure, and According to the contrast of the stress, deformation and the development of plastic zone , this jointed support technology is confirmed a proven method which is solved the high stress of soft rock roadway support. In the underground mine, the application of this supporting technology achieved ideal support results and the economic effects of high stress ,at the same time ,it has theoretical and practical significance for guidance of soft rock tunnel project.
本文通过对高应力软岩巷道变形破坏特征和各种变形破坏形态的分析,研究了巷道围岩变形破坏力学机制,并运用弹塑性理论计算分析了巷道围岩弹塑性区应力、应变状况,得出了支护抗力与塑性区半径的变化关系。针对高应力软岩巷道破坏机理,对不同支护作用机理进行了详细的分析与探讨,在此基础上提出了一次锚网索喷支护,二次锚+砌碹加固的联合支护技术。以龙固矿高应力软岩巷道为研究对象,通过围岩特性计算,确立了龙固矿主泵房的支护结构和支护参数。为了检验支护体系的合理性以龙固矿主泵房为试验硐室进行了不同支护的数值模拟计算,通过对应力、变形、塑性区的发展等方面支护效果的对比,验证了这种联合支护技术正是解决高应力软岩巷道支护行之有效的方法。在井下,这一支护技术的应用取得良好的支护效果和经济效果,对指导高应力软岩巷道工程具有理论和实践意义。
The support of roadway affects always the normal operation in mining areas. Especially the control of stability of heavily stressed weak-rock roadway is almost one of the most difficult problems in mining projects. The application of bolt spraying support in the early 1980s has solved the supporting problems in shallow roadway. But with the deeper exploration the ground stress increases, geological conditions get worse, and the weak-rock roadway has much more large sections. These problems once again make the support of roadway more difficult. So the research in optimized support technology of deep heavily stressed weak-rock roadway is nowadays very valuable.
In this paper, across the analysis of failure features and deformation shape in deep weak-rock roadway, the mechanism of roadway surrounding rock deformation has been investigated, and with the elastic-plastic theory, the elastic-plastic bolt reinforcement structure district stress and strain status are calculated and analyzed, and the support and resistance changes in the radius of the plastic zone relations are educed. Against the mechanism of roadway surrounding rock deformation, The different support mechanism are detailed analyzed, on this base the bolting, netting, anchoring, spraying of the fist support ,grouting and building of second reinforcement of jointed support technology is brought forward. Longgu-mine heavily stress weak-rock roadway as research object, across the calculation of surrounding rock Characteristics the design conditions have been offered in this paper. The pumping room of Longgu-mine as a pilot chamber was simulated through the different support in order to test the reasonableness of support structure, and According to the contrast of the stress, deformation and the development of plastic zone , this jointed support technology is confirmed a proven method which is solved the high stress of soft rock roadway support. In the underground mine, the application of this supporting technology achieved ideal support results and the economic effects of high stress ,at the same time ,it has theoretical and practical significance for guidance of soft rock tunnel project.
引文
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