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深部高应力膨胀性软岩巷道喷锚注支护研究
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摘要
深部开采是煤矿和非煤矿未来发展的必然趋势。深部软岩巷道围岩稳定性控制是当前矿业工程深部采掘活动的难点问题之一,能否解决好深部软岩巷道的支护问题,是矿井开采向纵深发展和安全生产的关键。喷锚注支护是注浆加固滞后于传统支护的一种新的支护技术,系统研究其支护能力及工程应用,具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。
     本文通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、岩石物理力学行为实验研究、围岩收敛和矿压监测分析,界定了软岩巷道的类型;在对深部软岩巷道变形破坏特征和变形破坏形态分析的基础上,系统地研究了围岩变形破坏力学机制,并成功实现了力学机制其由复合型向单一型转化,提出了喷锚注支护;同时,通过对喷锚注支护机理与支护原则分析,提出了最佳支护时间的概念与确定方法。根据深部高应力膨胀性软岩巷道支护原则和控制技术,结合石嘴山一矿深部软岩巷道的特点,按组合拱支护理论设计,采用喷锚注全断面支护,采用工程类比法对支护参数进行优化,利用有限差分FLAC~(3D)软件对支护效果进行模拟分析。
     论文研究成果在石嘴山一矿极难支护的深部高应力膨胀性软岩巷道支护中得到了应用,成功地控制了深部软岩巷道的变形及破坏,确保了该巷道的稳定性,验证了喷锚注支护的合理性与可行性。
Deep Mining will be developed by the coal mine and the non-coal mine the inevitable trend in future. The control of deep surrounding rocks stability in swelling soft rock roadway under high stress is one of the difficult problem of mining engineering in depth at present. It is the key of the mine to the depth development and the safety, Whether can we solve the problem of surrounding rocks in soft rock roadway to support. Support of grouting after spraying and bolting named S-B-G is a new method of support. It's capability of support and engineering application is researched systematically, which is very important theory significance and valuable application.
    Type of soft rock roadway is defined by its behavior experiment with physics and mechanics, X-ray diffraction(XRD), scan electron microscopy(SEM),analyzing on movement and monitor underground pressure of surrounding rocks.Based on the analysis of failure features, deformation shapes and failure mechanism of soft rock roadway in deep is studied systematically. Failure mechanism of mechanics is changed from complex to singleness and S-B-G is given. At the same time, its mechanism and principle is analyzed in detail, the conception and judgement of optimal supporting time is advanced. Support of S-B-G with entire cross is put forward according to supporting principle and controlling technology swelling soft roadway under high stress in deep and its characteristic in No 1 mine of Shizuishan. Its parameter is calculated on combined arch theory and optimized by consulting similitude projects, and result of supporting is studied by numerical simulation with FLAC~(3D).
    Production of the article was applied in No 1 mine of Shizuishan, and controlled successfully the great distortion and failure soft roadway in depth. Its stability is ensured , which has been proved rationality and feasibility of support of S-B-G.
引文
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