集中式协作网络频谱感知优化问题研究
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摘要
在认知网络中,机会接入吞吐量通常作为评价接入策略和共享策略的重要指标,以吞吐量最大化为目标函数构建的频谱感知优化问题已成为近年来的研究热点。协作感知网络的吞吐量与系统参数和感知参数等多种因素相关,因此提高吞吐量的问题是一个复杂的联合优化问题,本文基于集中式协作频谱感知网络结构对此问题进行了深入地研究,主要内容如下：
1)基于窄带集中式协作频谱感知网络结构,建立了以认知网络机会接入吞吐量最大化为目标函数、以对主用户的干扰为约束条件的多参数优化模型,利用该模型可对感知时间、判决门限、参与感知的认知用户数、融合准则、感知周期进行联合优化。
2)基于引入控制信道影响的优化模型,提出了分层优化方法,并通过仿真分析了在优化过程中感知时间、“k秩准则”的k值、参与感知的认知用户数和判决门限对联合优化问题的影响。仿真结果表明：所提议的联合优化策略明显提高了协作感知网络的吞吐量,同时,采用最优的k值时,认知网络的吞吐量对控制信道状态的变化具有鲁棒性。
3)基于多带集中式协作频谱感知网络,建立了感知时间自适应的多带联合检测优化问题：在限制对主用户干扰的约束条件下,以吞吐量最大化为目标联合优化感知时间和判决门限。并通过理论推导证明,该优化问题在虚警和漏检概率较小时可以转化为凸优化问题,从而可采用内点障碍函数法求解。仿真结果验证了该算法的正确性,且仿真结果表明：认知用户协作的多带联合检测性能明显优于非协作的。
In cognitive radio network, the available throughput is usually an evaluation index of access strategy and sharing strategy. The spectrum sensing optimization problem which is to maximize the throughput has become the research hotspot in recent years. The throughput in cooperative sensing network is related to a variety factors such as system parameters and sensing parameters. So improving the throughput is a complicated joint optimization problem. In this paper, the joint optimization problem in centralized cooperative sensing network is researched. The main contents are as follows:
1) In centralized cooperative sensing network based on narrow band, the multi parameter optimization problem that is jointly optimize the sensing time, decision threshold, number of cognitive radios in collaborative and k is formulated in order to maximize the throughput while protecting the primary user from harmful interference.
2) Based on the optimization model considering the influence of the reporting channel, the hierarchical optimization is conducted. The effect of the sensing time, decision threshold, number of cognitive radios in collaborative and k on joint optimization is analyzed by simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that when the joint optimization strategy proposed is employed, the throughput of the secondary network is improved. And when the optimal k value is used, the robustness is strengthened.
3) In centralized cooperative sensing network based on multiband, the optimization problem which is referred to as multiband sensing time adaptive joint detection is formulated. It is to jointly optimize the sensing time and individual detector threshold in order to maximize the throughput while protecting the primary network from harmful interference. The optimization problem can be transformed into a convex optimization problem in the regime of low probabilities of false alarm and miss by theoretical derivation. Then, the interior point barrier method can be adopted to solve this problem. The simulation results verify the correctness of the algorithm and demonstrate that the multiband joint detection algorithm with cooperation results in higher throughput than the algorithm without cooperation.
1)基于窄带集中式协作频谱感知网络结构,建立了以认知网络机会接入吞吐量最大化为目标函数、以对主用户的干扰为约束条件的多参数优化模型,利用该模型可对感知时间、判决门限、参与感知的认知用户数、融合准则、感知周期进行联合优化。
2)基于引入控制信道影响的优化模型,提出了分层优化方法,并通过仿真分析了在优化过程中感知时间、“k秩准则”的k值、参与感知的认知用户数和判决门限对联合优化问题的影响。仿真结果表明：所提议的联合优化策略明显提高了协作感知网络的吞吐量,同时,采用最优的k值时,认知网络的吞吐量对控制信道状态的变化具有鲁棒性。
3)基于多带集中式协作频谱感知网络,建立了感知时间自适应的多带联合检测优化问题：在限制对主用户干扰的约束条件下,以吞吐量最大化为目标联合优化感知时间和判决门限。并通过理论推导证明,该优化问题在虚警和漏检概率较小时可以转化为凸优化问题,从而可采用内点障碍函数法求解。仿真结果验证了该算法的正确性,且仿真结果表明：认知用户协作的多带联合检测性能明显优于非协作的。
In cognitive radio network, the available throughput is usually an evaluation index of access strategy and sharing strategy. The spectrum sensing optimization problem which is to maximize the throughput has become the research hotspot in recent years. The throughput in cooperative sensing network is related to a variety factors such as system parameters and sensing parameters. So improving the throughput is a complicated joint optimization problem. In this paper, the joint optimization problem in centralized cooperative sensing network is researched. The main contents are as follows:
1) In centralized cooperative sensing network based on narrow band, the multi parameter optimization problem that is jointly optimize the sensing time, decision threshold, number of cognitive radios in collaborative and k is formulated in order to maximize the throughput while protecting the primary user from harmful interference.
2) Based on the optimization model considering the influence of the reporting channel, the hierarchical optimization is conducted. The effect of the sensing time, decision threshold, number of cognitive radios in collaborative and k on joint optimization is analyzed by simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that when the joint optimization strategy proposed is employed, the throughput of the secondary network is improved. And when the optimal k value is used, the robustness is strengthened.
3) In centralized cooperative sensing network based on multiband, the optimization problem which is referred to as multiband sensing time adaptive joint detection is formulated. It is to jointly optimize the sensing time and individual detector threshold in order to maximize the throughput while protecting the primary network from harmful interference. The optimization problem can be transformed into a convex optimization problem in the regime of low probabilities of false alarm and miss by theoretical derivation. Then, the interior point barrier method can be adopted to solve this problem. The simulation results verify the correctness of the algorithm and demonstrate that the multiband joint detection algorithm with cooperation results in higher throughput than the algorithm without cooperation.
引文
[1]Beibei Wang, K.J.Ray Liu. Advances in Cognitive Radio Networks:A Surney[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing,2011,5(1):5-23
[2]M.A.McHenry. NSF spectrum occupancy measurements project summary[R]. Shared Spectrum Company Report, Vienna:2005
[3]M.McHenry, E.Livsics, T.Nguyen, N.Majumdar. BXG dynamic spectrum access field test results[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine,2007,45:51-57
[4]周贤伟,王建萍,王春江.认知无线电[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2008：21
[5]S. Haykin. Cognitive radio:brain-empowered wireless communications[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2005,23 (2):201-220.
[6]R.W. Thomas, L.A. DaSilva, A.B. MacKenzie, Cognitive networks[C], in:Proc. IEEE DySPAN 2005,2005:352-360
[7]刘琼俐,任国春,陶叶荣DARPA下一代无线通信计划综述[J].军事通信技术,2007,28(3)：77-80
[8]丁汉青.认知无线电频谱感知技术研究[D].[博士学位论文].西安：西安电子科技大学,2011
[9]A. Sahai, N. Hoven, R. Tandra. Some fundamental limits in cognitive radio[C], Allerton Conf. on Commun., Control and Computing 2004, October 2004.
[10]A. Ghasemi, E.S.Sousa, Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environment[C], in:Proc. IEEE DySPAN 2005,2005:131-136.
[11]F. Digham, M. Alouini, M. Simon. On the energy detection of unknown signals over fading channels[C], in:Proc. IEEE ICC 2003,2003:3575-3579
[12]R. Tandra and A. Sahai. SNR walls for signal detection[J]. IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process.,2008,2(1):4-17
[13]许方敏,李虎生.认知无线电网络[M]..北京：机械工业出版社,2011：185-186
[14]Ma J., Li Y.,Juang B.H. Signal processing in cognitive radio[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2009,97(5):805-823
[15]D. Cabric, S.M. Mishra, R.W. Brodersen. Implementation issues in spectrum sensing for cognitive radios [C]. Proc.38th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers 2004, November 2004:772-776
[16]H. Tang. Some physical layer issues of wide-band cognitive radio system[C]. in:Proc. IEEE DySPAN 2005, November 2005:151-159.
[17]W.Gardner. Signal interception:Aunifying theoretical framework for feature detection[J]. IEEE Trans. Commun.,1988,36(8):897-906
[18]S.M.Mishra, A.Sahai, R.W.Brodersen. Cooperative sensing among cognitive radios[C]. in Proc. IEEE ICC, Istanbul, Turkey, Jun.2006:1658-1663.
[19]G.Ganesan, Y.Li. Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio nerworks[C]. in Proc. IEEE 1st Int. Symp. New Frontiers DySPAN, Baltimore, MD, Nov.2005:137-143
[20]D. Cabric, S. M. Mishra, R. W. Brodersen. Implementation issues in spectrum sensing for cognitive radios[C]. in Proc. IEEE 38th ACSSC, Paci?c Grove, CA, Nov.2004:772-776.
[21]A. Ghasemi, E. S. Sousa. Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environments[C]. in Proc. IEEE 1st Int. Symp. New Frontiers DySPAN, Nagoya, Japan, Jan. 1997:290-294.
[22]E.C.Y. Peh, Y.-C. Liang. Optimization for cooperative sensing in cognitive radio networks[C]. in Proc. IEEE WCNC, Hong Kong, Mar.2007:27-32
[23]G Ganesan, Y. Li. Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio-Part Ⅰ:Two user networks[J]. IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun.,2007,6(6):2204-2213
[24]G. Ganesan, Y. Li. Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio-Part Ⅱ:Multiuser networks[J]. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,2007,6(6):2214-2222
[25]A. K. Kattepur, A. T. Hoang, Y.-C. Liang, et al. Data and decision fusion for distributed spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks[C]. in 6th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing,2007.
[26]V. Fodor, I. Glaropoulos, L. Pescosolido. Detecting low-power primary signals via distributed sensing to support opportunistic spectrum access [C]. in IEEE ICC,2009
[27]A. Ghasemi, E. S. Sousa. Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic acc-ess in fading environments[C]. in Proc. First IEEE Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySpan'05). Baltimore, USA, Nov.2005:338-345
[28]D. Cabric, A. Tkachenko, R. W. Brodersen. Experimental study of spectrum sensing based on energy detection and network cooperation[C]. in The 2nd Annual International Wireless Internet Conference (WICON) TAPAS Workshop. Aug.2006.
[29]E. Visotsky, S. Kuffner, and R. Peterson, "On collaborative detection of TV transmissions in support of dynamic spectrum sensing" in Proc. First IEEE Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySpan'05), pp.131-136, Baltimore, USA, Nov.2005.
[30]P. K. Varshney. Distributed Detection and Data Fusion[M]. NewYork:Springer-Verlag, 1997
[31]Z. Chair, P. K. Varshney. Optimal data fusion in multiple sensor detection systems[J]. IEEE Trans. Aerospace Elect. Syst.,1986,22(1):98-101
[32]Z. Quan, S. Cui, A. H. Sayed. Optimal linear cooperation for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks[J]. IEEE J. Select. Topics Signal Processing,2008,2(1):28-40
[33]Z. Quan, S. Cui, A. H. Sayed, H. V. Poor. Spatial-spectral joint detection for wideband spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks[C]. in Proc. IEEE ICASSP, Las Vegas, NV, Apr.2008
[34]Z. Quan, S. Cui, A. H. Sayed, H. V. Poor. Wideband spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks[C]. in Proc. IEEE Conf. Commun., Beijing, China, May 2008
[35]Z. Quan, S. Cui, A. Sayed, H. V. Poor. Optimal multiband joint detection for spectrum sensing in dynamic spectrum access networks[J]. IEEE Trans. Signal Processing,2009, 57(3):1128-1140
[36]R. S. Blum, S. A. Kassam, H. V. Poor. Distributed detection with multiple sensors:Part Ⅱ-Advanced topics[J].Proc. IEEE,1997,85:64-79
[37]Amir Ghasemi, Elvino S. Sousa.Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environment.[C].Proc IEEE DYSPAN,2005.
[38]E.Visotsky, S.Kuffner, R.Peterson. On collaborative detection of TV transmissions in support of dynamic spectrum sensing[C]. in Proc.First IEEE Symposium on Dynamic spectrum Access Networks (DySpan'05), Baltimore, USA, Nov,2005:131-136,
[39]A.K.Kattipur, A.T.Hoang, M.J.Er. Data and decision fusion for distributed spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks[C]. in 6th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing,2007
[40]A.Ghasemi, E.S.Sousa. Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environment[C]. in Proc First IEEE Symposium on Dynamic spectrum Access Networks (DySpan'05), Baltimore, USA, Nov,2005:338-345
[41]Z.Quan, S.Cui, A.H.Sayed. Optimal linear cooperation for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks[J]. IEEE J.Select. Topics Signal Processing,2008,21:28-40
[42]J.Unnikrishnan, V.V.Veeravaloli. Cooperative sensing for primary detection in cognitive radio[J]. IEEE J.Select.Topics Signal Processing,2008,2(1):18-27
[43]Y.-C. Liang, Y.Zeng, E.C.Y. Peh, et al. Sensing throughput tradeoff for cogniti-ve radio networks[J]. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.2008,7(4):1326-1337
[44]Z.Quan, S.Cui, A.H.Sayed, et al. Wideband spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks[C]. in Proc. IEEE Conf. Commun, Beijing, China, May 2008
[45]Z.Quan, S.Cui, A.H.Sayed, et al. Optimal multiband joint detection for spectrum sensing in dynamic spectrum access networks[J]. IEEE Trans. Signal Processintg,2009,57(3):1128-1 40
[46]E.Y.Peh, Y.-C. liang, Y.H.Zeng. Optimization of Cooperative Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks:A sensing throughput tradeoff View[J]. IEEE Trans.Vehicular Technology,2009, 58(9):5294-5299
[47]W.Zhang, R.K.Mallik, K. B. Letaief. Cooperative spectrum sensing optimization in cognitive radio networks[C]. in Proc. IEEE ICC, Beijing, China, May 2008:3411-3415
[48]Wei Zhang,K.B. Letaief. Cooperative Spectrum Sensing with Transmit and Relay Diversity in Cognitive Radio Networks[J]. IEEE, Trans. Wireless Commun,2008,7(12):4761-4766
[49]A. Sahai, D. Cabric. A tutorial on spectrum sensing:Fundamental limits and practical challenges[C]. in Proc. IEEE Symp. New Frontiers Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), Baltimore, MD, Nov.
[50]Z. Tian and G. B. Giannakis. A wavelet approach to wideband spectrum sensing for cognitive radios[C]. in Proc.1st Int. Conf. Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks Communications (CrownCom), Mykonos Island, Greece, Jun.2006:1-5
[51]Y. Hur, J. Park,W. Woo, K. Lim, C.-H. Lee, H. S. Kim, et al. A wideband analog multi-resolution spectrum sensing (MRSS) technique for cognitive radio (CR) systems[C]. in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Systems (ISCAS), Island of Kos, Greece. May 2006:4090-4093
[52]Pedram Paysarvi-Hoseini, Norman C. Beanlieu, Optimal Wideband Spectrum Sensing Framework for Cognitive Radio Systems[J]. IEEE transactions on signal processing, 2011,59(3):1170-1182
[53]A. Goldsmith.Wireless Communications[M]. Cambridge, U.K.:Cambridge University Press,2006
[54]C. Cordeiro, K. Challapali, D. Birru. IEEE 802.22:An introduction to the?rst wireless standard based on cognitive radios[J]. J. Commun.,2006, 1(1):38-47
[2]M.A.McHenry. NSF spectrum occupancy measurements project summary[R]. Shared Spectrum Company Report, Vienna:2005
[3]M.McHenry, E.Livsics, T.Nguyen, N.Majumdar. BXG dynamic spectrum access field test results[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine,2007,45:51-57
[4]周贤伟,王建萍,王春江.认知无线电[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2008：21
[5]S. Haykin. Cognitive radio:brain-empowered wireless communications[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2005,23 (2):201-220.
[6]R.W. Thomas, L.A. DaSilva, A.B. MacKenzie, Cognitive networks[C], in:Proc. IEEE DySPAN 2005,2005:352-360
[7]刘琼俐,任国春,陶叶荣DARPA下一代无线通信计划综述[J].军事通信技术,2007,28(3)：77-80
[8]丁汉青.认知无线电频谱感知技术研究[D].[博士学位论文].西安：西安电子科技大学,2011
[9]A. Sahai, N. Hoven, R. Tandra. Some fundamental limits in cognitive radio[C], Allerton Conf. on Commun., Control and Computing 2004, October 2004.
[10]A. Ghasemi, E.S.Sousa, Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environment[C], in:Proc. IEEE DySPAN 2005,2005:131-136.
[11]F. Digham, M. Alouini, M. Simon. On the energy detection of unknown signals over fading channels[C], in:Proc. IEEE ICC 2003,2003:3575-3579
[12]R. Tandra and A. Sahai. SNR walls for signal detection[J]. IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process.,2008,2(1):4-17
[13]许方敏,李虎生.认知无线电网络[M]..北京：机械工业出版社,2011：185-186
[14]Ma J., Li Y.,Juang B.H. Signal processing in cognitive radio[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2009,97(5):805-823
[15]D. Cabric, S.M. Mishra, R.W. Brodersen. Implementation issues in spectrum sensing for cognitive radios [C]. Proc.38th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers 2004, November 2004:772-776
[16]H. Tang. Some physical layer issues of wide-band cognitive radio system[C]. in:Proc. IEEE DySPAN 2005, November 2005:151-159.
[17]W.Gardner. Signal interception:Aunifying theoretical framework for feature detection[J]. IEEE Trans. Commun.,1988,36(8):897-906
[18]S.M.Mishra, A.Sahai, R.W.Brodersen. Cooperative sensing among cognitive radios[C]. in Proc. IEEE ICC, Istanbul, Turkey, Jun.2006:1658-1663.
[19]G.Ganesan, Y.Li. Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio nerworks[C]. in Proc. IEEE 1st Int. Symp. New Frontiers DySPAN, Baltimore, MD, Nov.2005:137-143
[20]D. Cabric, S. M. Mishra, R. W. Brodersen. Implementation issues in spectrum sensing for cognitive radios[C]. in Proc. IEEE 38th ACSSC, Paci?c Grove, CA, Nov.2004:772-776.
[21]A. Ghasemi, E. S. Sousa. Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environments[C]. in Proc. IEEE 1st Int. Symp. New Frontiers DySPAN, Nagoya, Japan, Jan. 1997:290-294.
[22]E.C.Y. Peh, Y.-C. Liang. Optimization for cooperative sensing in cognitive radio networks[C]. in Proc. IEEE WCNC, Hong Kong, Mar.2007:27-32
[23]G Ganesan, Y. Li. Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio-Part Ⅰ:Two user networks[J]. IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun.,2007,6(6):2204-2213
[24]G. Ganesan, Y. Li. Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio-Part Ⅱ:Multiuser networks[J]. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,2007,6(6):2214-2222
[25]A. K. Kattepur, A. T. Hoang, Y.-C. Liang, et al. Data and decision fusion for distributed spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks[C]. in 6th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing,2007.
[26]V. Fodor, I. Glaropoulos, L. Pescosolido. Detecting low-power primary signals via distributed sensing to support opportunistic spectrum access [C]. in IEEE ICC,2009
[27]A. Ghasemi, E. S. Sousa. Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic acc-ess in fading environments[C]. in Proc. First IEEE Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySpan'05). Baltimore, USA, Nov.2005:338-345
[28]D. Cabric, A. Tkachenko, R. W. Brodersen. Experimental study of spectrum sensing based on energy detection and network cooperation[C]. in The 2nd Annual International Wireless Internet Conference (WICON) TAPAS Workshop. Aug.2006.
[29]E. Visotsky, S. Kuffner, and R. Peterson, "On collaborative detection of TV transmissions in support of dynamic spectrum sensing" in Proc. First IEEE Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySpan'05), pp.131-136, Baltimore, USA, Nov.2005.
[30]P. K. Varshney. Distributed Detection and Data Fusion[M]. NewYork:Springer-Verlag, 1997
[31]Z. Chair, P. K. Varshney. Optimal data fusion in multiple sensor detection systems[J]. IEEE Trans. Aerospace Elect. Syst.,1986,22(1):98-101
[32]Z. Quan, S. Cui, A. H. Sayed. Optimal linear cooperation for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks[J]. IEEE J. Select. Topics Signal Processing,2008,2(1):28-40
[33]Z. Quan, S. Cui, A. H. Sayed, H. V. Poor. Spatial-spectral joint detection for wideband spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks[C]. in Proc. IEEE ICASSP, Las Vegas, NV, Apr.2008
[34]Z. Quan, S. Cui, A. H. Sayed, H. V. Poor. Wideband spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks[C]. in Proc. IEEE Conf. Commun., Beijing, China, May 2008
[35]Z. Quan, S. Cui, A. Sayed, H. V. Poor. Optimal multiband joint detection for spectrum sensing in dynamic spectrum access networks[J]. IEEE Trans. Signal Processing,2009, 57(3):1128-1140
[36]R. S. Blum, S. A. Kassam, H. V. Poor. Distributed detection with multiple sensors:Part Ⅱ-Advanced topics[J].Proc. IEEE,1997,85:64-79
[37]Amir Ghasemi, Elvino S. Sousa.Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environment.[C].Proc IEEE DYSPAN,2005.
[38]E.Visotsky, S.Kuffner, R.Peterson. On collaborative detection of TV transmissions in support of dynamic spectrum sensing[C]. in Proc.First IEEE Symposium on Dynamic spectrum Access Networks (DySpan'05), Baltimore, USA, Nov,2005:131-136,
[39]A.K.Kattipur, A.T.Hoang, M.J.Er. Data and decision fusion for distributed spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks[C]. in 6th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing,2007
[40]A.Ghasemi, E.S.Sousa. Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environment[C]. in Proc First IEEE Symposium on Dynamic spectrum Access Networks (DySpan'05), Baltimore, USA, Nov,2005:338-345
[41]Z.Quan, S.Cui, A.H.Sayed. Optimal linear cooperation for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks[J]. IEEE J.Select. Topics Signal Processing,2008,21:28-40
[42]J.Unnikrishnan, V.V.Veeravaloli. Cooperative sensing for primary detection in cognitive radio[J]. IEEE J.Select.Topics Signal Processing,2008,2(1):18-27
[43]Y.-C. Liang, Y.Zeng, E.C.Y. Peh, et al. Sensing throughput tradeoff for cogniti-ve radio networks[J]. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.2008,7(4):1326-1337
[44]Z.Quan, S.Cui, A.H.Sayed, et al. Wideband spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks[C]. in Proc. IEEE Conf. Commun, Beijing, China, May 2008
[45]Z.Quan, S.Cui, A.H.Sayed, et al. Optimal multiband joint detection for spectrum sensing in dynamic spectrum access networks[J]. IEEE Trans. Signal Processintg,2009,57(3):1128-1 40
[46]E.Y.Peh, Y.-C. liang, Y.H.Zeng. Optimization of Cooperative Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks:A sensing throughput tradeoff View[J]. IEEE Trans.Vehicular Technology,2009, 58(9):5294-5299
[47]W.Zhang, R.K.Mallik, K. B. Letaief. Cooperative spectrum sensing optimization in cognitive radio networks[C]. in Proc. IEEE ICC, Beijing, China, May 2008:3411-3415
[48]Wei Zhang,K.B. Letaief. Cooperative Spectrum Sensing with Transmit and Relay Diversity in Cognitive Radio Networks[J]. IEEE, Trans. Wireless Commun,2008,7(12):4761-4766
[49]A. Sahai, D. Cabric. A tutorial on spectrum sensing:Fundamental limits and practical challenges[C]. in Proc. IEEE Symp. New Frontiers Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), Baltimore, MD, Nov.
[50]Z. Tian and G. B. Giannakis. A wavelet approach to wideband spectrum sensing for cognitive radios[C]. in Proc.1st Int. Conf. Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks Communications (CrownCom), Mykonos Island, Greece, Jun.2006:1-5
[51]Y. Hur, J. Park,W. Woo, K. Lim, C.-H. Lee, H. S. Kim, et al. A wideband analog multi-resolution spectrum sensing (MRSS) technique for cognitive radio (CR) systems[C]. in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Systems (ISCAS), Island of Kos, Greece. May 2006:4090-4093
[52]Pedram Paysarvi-Hoseini, Norman C. Beanlieu, Optimal Wideband Spectrum Sensing Framework for Cognitive Radio Systems[J]. IEEE transactions on signal processing, 2011,59(3):1170-1182
[53]A. Goldsmith.Wireless Communications[M]. Cambridge, U.K.:Cambridge University Press,2006
[54]C. Cordeiro, K. Challapali, D. Birru. IEEE 802.22:An introduction to the?rst wireless standard based on cognitive radios[J]. J. Commun.,2006, 1(1):38-47