膨润土对大鼠营养生理作用机理及安全性评价
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摘要
膨润土(bentonite)是蒙脱石类粘土岩组成的一种含水的层状结构铝硅酸盐矿物,广泛用于工业、农业、畜牧业、化妆品和医疗卫生等部门。据报道,适量膨润土对人和动物具有营养作用。本实验目的是进一步探索膨润土对动物生长性能的作用效果、作用机理以及安全性,并研究pH值对膨润土吸附效果的影响,为科学开发利用膨润土提供理论依据。
本实验选用72只普通级大鼠,随机分为6组,每组12只,公母各6只,其中实验组5组,分别在基础日粮添加1.5%、3%、4.5%、10%及20%的膨润土,对照组饲喂基础日粮,预饲期5 d,实验期60d,研究日粮添加不同水平膨润土对大鼠的生长与器官发育、微量元素代谢、血清抗氧化能力、胃肠道有害气体的吸附以及脏器显微结构的影响。结果表明:(1)日粮添加1.5%～4.5%膨润土对大鼠的生长有促进趋势(P>0.05),对大鼠多数器官质量无显著影响(P>0.05);添加10%～20%的膨润土能显著提高大鼠的生长速度(P<0.05或P<0.01),添加20%膨润土对心和肺器官质量有显著影响(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(2)添加20%的膨润土能极显著提高肝脏中Ca2+、Mg2+浓度(P<0.01),添加3%～10%的膨润土能显著提高肾脏中Mg2+浓度(P<0.05或P<0.01)。添加1.5%～20%的膨润土对肝、肾脏中K+、Na+浓度没有显著影响(P>0.05),也并未引起血清中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+浓度发生显著变化。(3)添加1.5%～10%膨润土对大鼠血清抗氧化能力有提高作用(P>0.05),增强机体对氧自由基的清除能力,降低血清MDA含量。添加20%膨润土对大鼠的抗氧化能力有一定不良影响。(4)添加1.5%～20%膨润土对大鼠粪便的铵态氮含量有升高趋势(P>0.05),有降低粪便的K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+浓度的趋势,其中添加4.5%～20%膨润土能显著降低粪便的Ca2+浓度(P<0.01或P<0.05),添加3%～20%能极显著降低粪便的Mg2+浓度(P<0.01)。(5)添加1.5%～20%的膨润土对大鼠心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏及肾脏等器官结构未见不良影响。实验中动物无死亡,并且所有动物都表现正常,受试大鼠的大体解剖及脏器的组织切片镜检结果,均未发现异常病理性改变。(6)随着膨润土添加量的增加,膨润土对溶液中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+的吸附量有提高趋势(P>0.05);溶液pH对Ca2+、Mg2+的吸附率有一定的影响,在偏中性(pH=6.5)条件下的吸附率大于酸性(pH=2.5)。
Bentonite, a aluminum silicate minerals, that is water-bearing layer structure which is composed of montmorillonite clay. Bentonite has been used in industry, agrieulture, animal husbandry, cosmeties medieval treatment and some other fields. It was showed that the right amount bentonite has nutrition on human beings and animals during the recent years. The purpose of the experiment are: To explore the effect of animal growth performance,Mechanism and security,pH on adsorption of bentonite.To provide a theoretical basis for the scientific exploitation.
In this experiment, 72 rats, divided into 6 groups, n = 12, six male and six female.text guoup with 1.5%、3%、4.5%、10%、20%bentonite in the feed, control group was fed basal diet. experimental period 60d.and the effects of bentonite on the growth and organ development, the metabolize of trace element, the ability of anti-oxidation of serum, the absorption of harmful gases in gastrointestinal tract, the vitro adsorption, and organs microstructure. The concrete result was showed:(1)The growth and allelotaxy of rat were promoted trend by adding 1.5% to 4.5%bentonite into feed (P>0.05), No significant effect on the quality of most organs in rats (P>0.05).The growth and allelotaxy of rat were significantly promoted by adding 10% to 20% bentonite into feed(P<0.05 or P<0.01). It has a significant influence on the heart and lung mass with 20% bentonite(P<0.05 or P<0.01)2)Add 20% of bentonite can significantly improve the liver Ca2+, Mg2+ concentration(P<0.01), Add 3% to 10% of bentonite can significantly improve the kidney of Mg2+ concentration (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Add 1.5%～20% of bentonite on the liver and kidney, K+, Na+ concentration had no significant effect (P>0.05), also did not cause the serum K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ concentration changed significantly. (3)It has significant influence on each index of serum’s anti-oxygen capacity of rat by added 1.5%～10% bentonite into feed; Enhancing oxygen free radical scavenging capacity, reducing MDA levels of serum.Adding 20% of bentonite has some adverse effects on the anti-oxygen capacity in rats. (4) Added 1.5% to 20% ammonium bentonite can increase the content of rat feces (P>0.05); Add 1.5% to 20% bentonite can reduce the stool of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ concentration. Adding 4.5% to 20% of bentonite can significantly reduce Ca2+ concentration of feces (P<0.01 or P<0.05), Adding 3% to 20% can significantly reduce the Mg2+ concentration of feces (P<0.01). (5) added 1.5% to 20% of the bentonite does not affect rat heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney and other organ development. No animals died, all animals were normal. The pathological anatomy and microscopy results organs, no abnormal pathological changes.(6)With the increase of bentonite, the adsorption capacity of bentonite for K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+ were also increased. pH affect the Ca2+, Mg2+ adsorption rate, Neutral pH (pH = 6.5) the adsorption rate is greater than acidic (pH = 2.5).
本实验选用72只普通级大鼠,随机分为6组,每组12只,公母各6只,其中实验组5组,分别在基础日粮添加1.5%、3%、4.5%、10%及20%的膨润土,对照组饲喂基础日粮,预饲期5 d,实验期60d,研究日粮添加不同水平膨润土对大鼠的生长与器官发育、微量元素代谢、血清抗氧化能力、胃肠道有害气体的吸附以及脏器显微结构的影响。结果表明:(1)日粮添加1.5%～4.5%膨润土对大鼠的生长有促进趋势(P>0.05),对大鼠多数器官质量无显著影响(P>0.05);添加10%～20%的膨润土能显著提高大鼠的生长速度(P<0.05或P<0.01),添加20%膨润土对心和肺器官质量有显著影响(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(2)添加20%的膨润土能极显著提高肝脏中Ca2+、Mg2+浓度(P<0.01),添加3%～10%的膨润土能显著提高肾脏中Mg2+浓度(P<0.05或P<0.01)。添加1.5%～20%的膨润土对肝、肾脏中K+、Na+浓度没有显著影响(P>0.05),也并未引起血清中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+浓度发生显著变化。(3)添加1.5%～10%膨润土对大鼠血清抗氧化能力有提高作用(P>0.05),增强机体对氧自由基的清除能力,降低血清MDA含量。添加20%膨润土对大鼠的抗氧化能力有一定不良影响。(4)添加1.5%～20%膨润土对大鼠粪便的铵态氮含量有升高趋势(P>0.05),有降低粪便的K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+浓度的趋势,其中添加4.5%～20%膨润土能显著降低粪便的Ca2+浓度(P<0.01或P<0.05),添加3%～20%能极显著降低粪便的Mg2+浓度(P<0.01)。(5)添加1.5%～20%的膨润土对大鼠心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏及肾脏等器官结构未见不良影响。实验中动物无死亡,并且所有动物都表现正常,受试大鼠的大体解剖及脏器的组织切片镜检结果,均未发现异常病理性改变。(6)随着膨润土添加量的增加,膨润土对溶液中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+的吸附量有提高趋势(P>0.05);溶液pH对Ca2+、Mg2+的吸附率有一定的影响,在偏中性(pH=6.5)条件下的吸附率大于酸性(pH=2.5)。
Bentonite, a aluminum silicate minerals, that is water-bearing layer structure which is composed of montmorillonite clay. Bentonite has been used in industry, agrieulture, animal husbandry, cosmeties medieval treatment and some other fields. It was showed that the right amount bentonite has nutrition on human beings and animals during the recent years. The purpose of the experiment are: To explore the effect of animal growth performance,Mechanism and security,pH on adsorption of bentonite.To provide a theoretical basis for the scientific exploitation.
In this experiment, 72 rats, divided into 6 groups, n = 12, six male and six female.text guoup with 1.5%、3%、4.5%、10%、20%bentonite in the feed, control group was fed basal diet. experimental period 60d.and the effects of bentonite on the growth and organ development, the metabolize of trace element, the ability of anti-oxidation of serum, the absorption of harmful gases in gastrointestinal tract, the vitro adsorption, and organs microstructure. The concrete result was showed:(1)The growth and allelotaxy of rat were promoted trend by adding 1.5% to 4.5%bentonite into feed (P>0.05), No significant effect on the quality of most organs in rats (P>0.05).The growth and allelotaxy of rat were significantly promoted by adding 10% to 20% bentonite into feed(P<0.05 or P<0.01). It has a significant influence on the heart and lung mass with 20% bentonite(P<0.05 or P<0.01)2)Add 20% of bentonite can significantly improve the liver Ca2+, Mg2+ concentration(P<0.01), Add 3% to 10% of bentonite can significantly improve the kidney of Mg2+ concentration (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Add 1.5%～20% of bentonite on the liver and kidney, K+, Na+ concentration had no significant effect (P>0.05), also did not cause the serum K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ concentration changed significantly. (3)It has significant influence on each index of serum’s anti-oxygen capacity of rat by added 1.5%～10% bentonite into feed; Enhancing oxygen free radical scavenging capacity, reducing MDA levels of serum.Adding 20% of bentonite has some adverse effects on the anti-oxygen capacity in rats. (4) Added 1.5% to 20% ammonium bentonite can increase the content of rat feces (P>0.05); Add 1.5% to 20% bentonite can reduce the stool of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ concentration. Adding 4.5% to 20% of bentonite can significantly reduce Ca2+ concentration of feces (P<0.01 or P<0.05), Adding 3% to 20% can significantly reduce the Mg2+ concentration of feces (P<0.01). (5) added 1.5% to 20% of the bentonite does not affect rat heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney and other organ development. No animals died, all animals were normal. The pathological anatomy and microscopy results organs, no abnormal pathological changes.(6)With the increase of bentonite, the adsorption capacity of bentonite for K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+ were also increased. pH affect the Ca2+, Mg2+ adsorption rate, Neutral pH (pH = 6.5) the adsorption rate is greater than acidic (pH = 2.5).
引文
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