超支化水性聚氨酯的合成、表征及应用
摘要
超支化聚合物(HBP)是近年来高分子材料学科中的研究热点之一。与传统的线形聚合物相比,因其特殊的超支化结构、含有大量的端基基团和由此带来的低粘度、无链缠结、良好的溶解性等特点,引起了人们的广泛的兴趣,在纳米材料、发光材料、涂料等诸多方面有良好的应用前景。人们近些年对超支化聚合物的研究已经从合成方法研究、物理化学性质研究不断发展到分子理论研究、各种功能化研究以及应用方面等的探索。
超支化聚氨酯(HPU)材料,由于兼具超支化聚合物的结构特性与聚氨酯的优异性能而受到高分子材料研究人员的广泛关注。HPU的合成研究已有了不少报道,但对于超支化水性聚氨酯(HWPU)研究还较少见,对于不同代数HWPU产品的研究则尚未见报道。合成出新型的HWPU,并对其进行表征及应用方面的探索是一项具有创新性的研究工作,有助于加深人们对超支化聚合物的结构与性质的了解,同时具有学术理论价值及实际应用价值。此外,该项研究对于促进高分子材料水性化,推动环境友好材料的应用及低碳环保工作的开展也有着积极意义。
采用偶合单体法合成出了一系列新型的HWPU以及不同代数的HWPU,并对产品进行相关的表征与测试,研究其结构与性能之间的关系,初步探讨了潜在的应用性能。
分别以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)与二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)的反应产物为A_2反应中间体、二乙醇胺(DEA)为B_2B*单体,通过A_2+B_2B*的偶合单体法合成出AB_2型反应中间体,然后利用AB_2型中间体的缩聚反应,制备了芳香族超支化水性聚氨酯和脂肪族超支化水性聚氨酯;以上述AB_2型反应中间体为起始原料,加入三聚氰胺为核分子,聚合形成加核型超支化水性聚合物;用TDI、分子量为400的聚丙二醇(PPG-400)、DMPA和DEA为原料,采用与上述类似方法合成了加PPG型超支化水性聚氨酯;在合成芳香族HWPU时,通过检测NCO值监控反应进程,计算各代HWPU产品的理论NCO值范围,并与实际测定值相配合,适当的时候终止反应,得到不同代数HWPU产品。以上反应产物经分离、提纯均得到白色粉末,产率均可达90%左右,经中和后均可以溶解于水中。
采用化学检测方法分析研究了反应过程中的酸值变化情况,证实了在合成反应中,-COOH基本没有参与反应。
粘度研究表明,整个系列的HWPU产物,其粘度特性均与线形聚合物不完全相同。HWPU产品的粘度虽然也会随分子量的增加而呈现出总体上升现象,但在粘度总体上升高的过程中,会出现一个下降的阶段,即发生一个粘度减小再增大的现象。
用红外光谱仪(FTIR)监测了反应的过程;用核磁共振谱(NMR)对产物测试,并与合成的模型化合物对比,证实了HWPU的超支化结构,计算出各产品的支化度(DB)均可达到0.8以上;用凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)检测了合成的HWPU分子量,确定了HWPU产品分子量可达到一万以上。
热重分析仪(TG)对比分析HWPU和具有类似化学组成的线形水性聚氨酯(LWPU)的热性能,发现两种结构具有不同的热分解历程。二者的第一段失重历程相似,初始热分解温度均为190℃左右,但HWPU在稍高温度下(270℃左右)出现第二段失重过程,这应该是分子中的脲键结构引起的;HWPU产品分子量的增加则对热分解历程无明显影响;TG-FTIR联用仪的结果进一步证实了对HWPU热分解历程的分析;差示扫描量热仪(DSC)的玻璃化温度分析表明,HWPU的T_g可达到130-140℃,明显高于类似结构的LWPU(约105℃),随着分子量的增加,T_g不断增加。
将HWPU与LWPU按一定比例混合,对比考查涂膜性能测试发现:HWPU的加入可明显提高涂膜的光泽度和硬度,PPG的引入则有助于提高涂膜的柔韧性。
Hyperbranched polymer(HBP) is one of the hot research spots in the polymer material fields in recent years. It has attracted much attention because of its special hyperbranched structure, its large amount of terminal groups and the properties of low viscosity, non chain entanglement, good solubility etc. which come of the special structure in comparison with their linear analogues. HBP has very good potential prospects in nano material, luminescent materials, coatings and many other fields. In recent years, people study HPU not only in the mothod of synthesis, physical and chemical characteristics, but also the research of its molecular theory, various functionality, preliminarily attempt on application and so on.
Hyperbranched polyurethane(HPU) material has been paid much attention by the polymer materials scientists for its two characteristics of HBP structure and nice properties of polyurethane. Although there have been many reports about the synthesis of HPU, the studies of water borne hyperbranched polyurethane(HWPU) are few, and the studies of different generation products of HWPU haven’t been reported. The synthesis of new HWPU and the study for its structure and application are innovative research work. This work is useful for people to recognize the sturcture and properties of HBP, and has the value both in academic study and in practical application. Besides, this research is very helpful to prepare water-borne polymer material, to push the application of environment-friendly material and to develop the low-carbon economy.
The method of coupled monomers was used to synthesize a series of novel HWPU and new different generation HWPU products, the HWPU synthesized was tested and characterized, the relationship between structure and properties of HWPU was studied, and the potential applications of HWPU was discussed.
The reactive intermediates of A_2 type was prepared by the reaction of toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate(TDI), or Isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) with dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), and the diethanolamine (DEA) was the monomer of B_2B* type. Through the reaction method of coupled monomers of A_2+B_2B*, the reactive intermediates of AB_2 type was synthesized. Then the aromatic HWPU and aliphatic HWPU could be synthesized by condensation polymerization of AB_2 type reactive intermediates. Core HWPU was synthesized by AB_2 type reactive intermediates (as for raw material) and melamine (as for core molecule). With the similar mothod, the PPG HWPU was synthesized by the raw material of TDI, 400 molecular weight polypropylene glycol (PPG-400), DMPA and DEA. The whole reaction course was monitored by measuring the NCO value. Through matching the theoretical NCO value and the measured actual NCO value, the different generation HWPU products were synthesized by terminating the reaction properly in the aromatic HWPU reaction. In the synthesis reaction above, white powder products could be got by washing, drying the products. The yield could reach about 90% and the products are soluble in H_2O after alkali neutralization.
The acid value of reaction system was monitored by chemical analysis in the reaction of HWPU synthesis, and the determination results indicated that the–COOH group didn’t participate the reaction basically.
The research of viscosity indicated that the whole series of HWPU have a special viscosity which is different from that of linear polymer. The viscosity of HWPU products can increase with the rise of molecular weight generally, but there is a stage which the vicosity dicrease at first and then increase again in the rise process of the viscosity.
The reaction process was monitored by FTIR spectroscopy, the products were tested by NMR spectroscopy. In comparison with the model compounds which were synthesized first, the hyperbranched polyurethane structure of HWPU was proved. The degree of branching (DB) of HWPU was more than 0.8, the HWPU molecular weight determined by GPC was more than 1.0×10~4.
In comparison with LWPU which had the similar chamical composition with HWPU, it was found that LWPU and HWPU had different thermal degradation process. In first thermal degradation stage, LWPU and HWPU occurred thermal degradation at about 190℃, but HWPU had a second thermal degradation stage in higher temperature (at about 270℃). The increase of HWPU molecular weight had amost no effect on thermal degradation process. The results of TG-FTIR analysis proved the thermal degradation process of HWPU. The temperature of glass (T_g) analysis by DSC indicated that the T_g of HWPU could reach 130-140℃, and the T_g of HWPU was much higher than that of LWPU (about 105℃). The T_g of HWPU could rise with the increase of HWPU molecular weight.
In comparison with the coating of pure LWPU and the mixed coating of LWPU and HWPU, the adding of HWPU could increase the gloss and the hardness of the pure LWPU coating obviously, and the PPG-400 could increase the flexibility and the impact resistance of the pure LWPU coating.
超支化聚氨酯(HPU)材料,由于兼具超支化聚合物的结构特性与聚氨酯的优异性能而受到高分子材料研究人员的广泛关注。HPU的合成研究已有了不少报道,但对于超支化水性聚氨酯(HWPU)研究还较少见,对于不同代数HWPU产品的研究则尚未见报道。合成出新型的HWPU,并对其进行表征及应用方面的探索是一项具有创新性的研究工作,有助于加深人们对超支化聚合物的结构与性质的了解,同时具有学术理论价值及实际应用价值。此外,该项研究对于促进高分子材料水性化,推动环境友好材料的应用及低碳环保工作的开展也有着积极意义。
采用偶合单体法合成出了一系列新型的HWPU以及不同代数的HWPU,并对产品进行相关的表征与测试,研究其结构与性能之间的关系,初步探讨了潜在的应用性能。
分别以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)与二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)的反应产物为A_2反应中间体、二乙醇胺(DEA)为B_2B*单体,通过A_2+B_2B*的偶合单体法合成出AB_2型反应中间体,然后利用AB_2型中间体的缩聚反应,制备了芳香族超支化水性聚氨酯和脂肪族超支化水性聚氨酯;以上述AB_2型反应中间体为起始原料,加入三聚氰胺为核分子,聚合形成加核型超支化水性聚合物;用TDI、分子量为400的聚丙二醇(PPG-400)、DMPA和DEA为原料,采用与上述类似方法合成了加PPG型超支化水性聚氨酯;在合成芳香族HWPU时,通过检测NCO值监控反应进程,计算各代HWPU产品的理论NCO值范围,并与实际测定值相配合,适当的时候终止反应,得到不同代数HWPU产品。以上反应产物经分离、提纯均得到白色粉末,产率均可达90%左右,经中和后均可以溶解于水中。
采用化学检测方法分析研究了反应过程中的酸值变化情况,证实了在合成反应中,-COOH基本没有参与反应。
粘度研究表明,整个系列的HWPU产物,其粘度特性均与线形聚合物不完全相同。HWPU产品的粘度虽然也会随分子量的增加而呈现出总体上升现象,但在粘度总体上升高的过程中,会出现一个下降的阶段,即发生一个粘度减小再增大的现象。
用红外光谱仪(FTIR)监测了反应的过程;用核磁共振谱(NMR)对产物测试,并与合成的模型化合物对比,证实了HWPU的超支化结构,计算出各产品的支化度(DB)均可达到0.8以上;用凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)检测了合成的HWPU分子量,确定了HWPU产品分子量可达到一万以上。
热重分析仪(TG)对比分析HWPU和具有类似化学组成的线形水性聚氨酯(LWPU)的热性能,发现两种结构具有不同的热分解历程。二者的第一段失重历程相似,初始热分解温度均为190℃左右,但HWPU在稍高温度下(270℃左右)出现第二段失重过程,这应该是分子中的脲键结构引起的;HWPU产品分子量的增加则对热分解历程无明显影响;TG-FTIR联用仪的结果进一步证实了对HWPU热分解历程的分析;差示扫描量热仪(DSC)的玻璃化温度分析表明,HWPU的T_g可达到130-140℃,明显高于类似结构的LWPU(约105℃),随着分子量的增加,T_g不断增加。
将HWPU与LWPU按一定比例混合,对比考查涂膜性能测试发现:HWPU的加入可明显提高涂膜的光泽度和硬度,PPG的引入则有助于提高涂膜的柔韧性。
Hyperbranched polymer(HBP) is one of the hot research spots in the polymer material fields in recent years. It has attracted much attention because of its special hyperbranched structure, its large amount of terminal groups and the properties of low viscosity, non chain entanglement, good solubility etc. which come of the special structure in comparison with their linear analogues. HBP has very good potential prospects in nano material, luminescent materials, coatings and many other fields. In recent years, people study HPU not only in the mothod of synthesis, physical and chemical characteristics, but also the research of its molecular theory, various functionality, preliminarily attempt on application and so on.
Hyperbranched polyurethane(HPU) material has been paid much attention by the polymer materials scientists for its two characteristics of HBP structure and nice properties of polyurethane. Although there have been many reports about the synthesis of HPU, the studies of water borne hyperbranched polyurethane(HWPU) are few, and the studies of different generation products of HWPU haven’t been reported. The synthesis of new HWPU and the study for its structure and application are innovative research work. This work is useful for people to recognize the sturcture and properties of HBP, and has the value both in academic study and in practical application. Besides, this research is very helpful to prepare water-borne polymer material, to push the application of environment-friendly material and to develop the low-carbon economy.
The method of coupled monomers was used to synthesize a series of novel HWPU and new different generation HWPU products, the HWPU synthesized was tested and characterized, the relationship between structure and properties of HWPU was studied, and the potential applications of HWPU was discussed.
The reactive intermediates of A_2 type was prepared by the reaction of toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate(TDI), or Isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) with dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), and the diethanolamine (DEA) was the monomer of B_2B* type. Through the reaction method of coupled monomers of A_2+B_2B*, the reactive intermediates of AB_2 type was synthesized. Then the aromatic HWPU and aliphatic HWPU could be synthesized by condensation polymerization of AB_2 type reactive intermediates. Core HWPU was synthesized by AB_2 type reactive intermediates (as for raw material) and melamine (as for core molecule). With the similar mothod, the PPG HWPU was synthesized by the raw material of TDI, 400 molecular weight polypropylene glycol (PPG-400), DMPA and DEA. The whole reaction course was monitored by measuring the NCO value. Through matching the theoretical NCO value and the measured actual NCO value, the different generation HWPU products were synthesized by terminating the reaction properly in the aromatic HWPU reaction. In the synthesis reaction above, white powder products could be got by washing, drying the products. The yield could reach about 90% and the products are soluble in H_2O after alkali neutralization.
The acid value of reaction system was monitored by chemical analysis in the reaction of HWPU synthesis, and the determination results indicated that the–COOH group didn’t participate the reaction basically.
The research of viscosity indicated that the whole series of HWPU have a special viscosity which is different from that of linear polymer. The viscosity of HWPU products can increase with the rise of molecular weight generally, but there is a stage which the vicosity dicrease at first and then increase again in the rise process of the viscosity.
The reaction process was monitored by FTIR spectroscopy, the products were tested by NMR spectroscopy. In comparison with the model compounds which were synthesized first, the hyperbranched polyurethane structure of HWPU was proved. The degree of branching (DB) of HWPU was more than 0.8, the HWPU molecular weight determined by GPC was more than 1.0×10~4.
In comparison with LWPU which had the similar chamical composition with HWPU, it was found that LWPU and HWPU had different thermal degradation process. In first thermal degradation stage, LWPU and HWPU occurred thermal degradation at about 190℃, but HWPU had a second thermal degradation stage in higher temperature (at about 270℃). The increase of HWPU molecular weight had amost no effect on thermal degradation process. The results of TG-FTIR analysis proved the thermal degradation process of HWPU. The temperature of glass (T_g) analysis by DSC indicated that the T_g of HWPU could reach 130-140℃, and the T_g of HWPU was much higher than that of LWPU (about 105℃). The T_g of HWPU could rise with the increase of HWPU molecular weight.
In comparison with the coating of pure LWPU and the mixed coating of LWPU and HWPU, the adding of HWPU could increase the gloss and the hardness of the pure LWPU coating obviously, and the PPG-400 could increase the flexibility and the impact resistance of the pure LWPU coating.
引文
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