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川芎哚的合成、代谢转化、结构改造及其类似物的药理研究
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摘要
目的:中药川芎具有活血化淤、行气定痛之功效,对急慢性缺血性心、脑血管疾病有肯定的疗效。川芎哚(川芎Ⅲ号碱,perlolyrine,PL),即1-(5-乙酰氧甲基-2-呋喃基)-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚,是中药川芎的有效成分之一,初步药理实验证明它对冠心病和脑血管病有一定疗效作用。但是川芎哚在动物体内代谢迅速,排泄较快,生物利用度低及药效维持时间较短,因此,有必要对其进行结构改造和优化,研究其构效关系,从中筛选出高效、速效、低毒、价廉的防治心脑血管疾病新型药物。
     方法:1.以糠醇为起始原料,经乙酰化、甲酰化制得5-乙酰氧甲基-2-呋喃甲醛,后者分别与色氨酸或色胺发生环化反应,经氧化脱氢反应合成川芎哚,从中筛选出较为实用的合成方法。探讨[α-~(15)N]色氨酸和氘标记色氨酸的合成方法,选择最佳方法合成[2-~(15)N]川芎哚和氘标记川芎哚。2.以剂量为250mg/kg分别给大鼠灌胃川芎哚、[2-~(15)N]川芎哚和氘标记川芎哚,12h后以相同剂量追加给药一次,收集24h内尿液。以碳酸盐—有机溶剂提取方法对尿液进行提取,得到中性和碱性提取物及酸性水溶性提取物,以GC-MS测定。根据药物代谢知识,结合川芎哚的化学结构和理化性质,推测代谢物的结构。3.根据川芎哚及其代谢物构效关系的特点,确定其先导化合物及母体化合物,对其进行结构改造,设计合成一系列川芎哚衍生物和类似物:T-1~T-17。4.对合成的PL、T-1~T-17,进行体外血小板聚集实验和凝血实验,从中选出药效较好并具有一定代表性的化合物:T-1、T-2、T-3、T-4、T-8、T-11、T-12及T-14,进行体内凝血实验、血液流变学及实验性血栓形成等实验,并与川芎嗪的药效进行比较。
     结果:1.5-乙酰氧甲基-2-呋喃醛与色氨酸反应合成川芎哚,方法简便,但产率较低;5-乙酰氧甲基-2-呋喃醛与色胺反应合成川芎哚,产率较高,但操作费时,且需要昂贵的氧化脱氢剂;实际应用时,我们选用前一方法。以~(15)N-甘氨酸和苯甲酰氯为原料合成[α-~(15)N]色氨酸的产率(46.9%)低于以~(15)N-甘氨酸和乙醇为原料合成[α-~(15)N]色氨酸的产率(75.0%),所得产物~(15)N丰度均为92%。因前一方法较为简便,我们选择该法制备的[α-~(15)N]色氨酸为原料合成了[2-~(15)N]川芎
OBJECTIVE: The traditional Chinese herb, Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Wallichii Franch) is prescribed to promote blood circulation and relieve hemostasis. It has been widely used in China as a safe and effective drug for the treatment of occlusive cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as chronic cardiopulmonary diseases. Perlolyrine, 1-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole, an active ingredient from Chuanxiong, has also been used in the treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases after confirmation of its potency by preliminary pharmacological experiments. However, it has been reported that perlolyrine metabolizes too rapidly, its bioavailability is too low and its effects disappear too fast. So it is necessary to study the structure — activiyy relationship (SAR) of perlolyrine and to modify its chemical structure, in order to develop new drug with high potency, rapid effect, low toxicity and low price. METHODS: 1. Perlolyrine was synthesized by two schemes: one scheme being the reaction of 5-acetoxymethyl-2-formylfuran and tryptophan, the other scheme being the reaction of 5-acetoxymethyl-2-formylfuran and tryptamine. In order to prepare [2-~(15)N]perlolyrine and deuterium labelled perlolyrine, two methods of synthesizing [ α-~(15)N] tryptophan and deuterium labelled tryptophan were designed. 2. The urine was collected after i. g. (gastric injection) administration of either perlolyrine or [2-~(15)N]perlolyrine or deuterium labelled perlolyrine to male Wistar rats at the dose of 250mg/kg in 24 hours. The metabolites were extracted with carbonate — organic solvent. The nonacidic (neutral and basic) fractions derivatized with MSTFA were subjected to GC-MS for analysis and the water
引文
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