纳米氟硼酸钾润滑添加剂的制备及性能研究
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摘要
润滑油添加剂已经广泛的应用于各种润滑油中,它们起到减少摩擦、降低磨损、对磨损部位进行修复等功能。近年来,纳米材料的出现为润滑油添加剂的研究提供了一个新的选择。纳米粒子具有小尺寸效应、量子尺寸效应、表面效应与宏观量子隧道效应等,从而表现出一系列特殊的物理化学性质。纳米氟硼酸钾微粒具有高效、无毒、无污染等特点。研究证明纳米氟硼酸钾微粒具有良好的抗磨减摩性能。
本文对纳米氟硼酸钾新型润滑油添加剂的制备、润滑特性及分散稳定性进行了研究,此外还初步探讨了该润滑添加剂的新型应用试验。
1.试验采用机械化学修饰法,以普通KBF4粉末为原料,通过选择合适的球磨工艺及表面修饰剂,连续球磨120h成功地制备出纳米氟硼酸钾润滑油添加剂,并且化学组成和晶体结构不变。
2.试验表明,基础油添加适量纳米氟硼酸钾微粒后,其抗磨减摩性能大幅度提高。对磨斑表面进行SEM、XPS及AES分析表明,纳米氟硼酸盐由于在摩擦表面既能形成吸附膜,又能发生摩擦化学反应生成含润滑性能极好的B203沉积膜和FeF2渗透层,从而提高了抗磨减摩性能。
3.通过对纳米氟硼酸钾微粒在油中的分散行为、团聚机理及分散稳定机制的研究,找到了合适的表面修饰剂,获得了纳米氟硼酸钾微粒在基础油中分散均匀且比较稳定的胶体体系。研究表明,在制备纳米氟硼酸钾微粒的过程中,分别加入质量分数0.8%表面活性剂、0.1%电解质、0.1%聚合物可以显著提高纳米氟硼酸钾微粒在润滑油中的分散稳定性。
4.采用机械化学修饰法制备的纳米氟硼酸钾润滑油添加剂,具有极好的极压抗磨性能。试验结果表明,纳米氟硼酸钾的加入到润滑脂中无腐蚀性,并且对润滑脂的极压抗磨性有所改善。
本文成功研制了一种新型的纳米氟硼酸钾极压抗磨添加剂,它具有极好的极压抗磨减摩性能,具有十分广阔的应用全景。
Adding additives into oil to reduce friction and wear and to mend the wear surface has been widely applied in all kinds of lubrication of quite a long time. In the past few years, the emergence of nano-materials has provided a new choice. For the development of lubricant additive, Nnao-particles have small dimension effect, quanta dimension effect, surface effect and macroscopical quanta tunnel effect, so they manifest a series of specific physical and chemical characters. Nano potassium fluoroborate exhibit many specific characteristics such as high active, innocuity and pollution-free. The results indicated that the nano potassium fluoroborate has modified the lubricating performance strikingly.
In the thesis, the preparation, lubricating behavior and dispersing stability of the lube oil additive have been studied, moreover, the new applied examination of the additive is also discussed.
1. The examination has adhibited by mechanical-chemical modification method. Using commercial KBF4 powders as raw materials,120 hour later, the nano potassium fluoroborate has been made respectively by optimizing ball milling process and surfactant. At the same time, chemistry form and crystal frame of nano potassium fluoroborate are not change.
2. The results indicated that the antiwear and friction-reducing performance of base oil can be obviously enhanced by dispersing a proper nano potassium fluoroborate into the base oil. It has been found from the analyses of SEM, AES and XPS that in the friction process the fluoborate nanoparticles can form not only absorbing film but also B2O3 deposition film and FeF2 permeating layer on the friction surface by the tribochemical reaction. It is the films that modify the lubricating performance.
3. Based on the probing of the dispersing behavior of the nano potassium fluoroborate in the oil, mechanism of agglomeration and dispersing stability, the optimum dispersing method, dispersant as well as its added way and quantity have been found. A more uniform and stable colloidal suspension consisting of base oil and fluoborate nanoparticles is prepared. The results indicated that the novel method not only simplified the process, and improve the dispersion stability of the prepared Nano potassium fluoroborate particles in the lubricant. By adding 0.8 wt.% surfactant,0.1 wt.% electrolytes, and 0.1 wt.% macromolecule could enhance the dispersion stability significantly.
4. Nano potassium fluoroborate as lubricant additive has possessed strikingly lubricating performance and excellent dispersing stability which was synthesized by mechanical-chemical modification method. It is shown that the grease has been added nano potassium fluoroborate which is non-corrosive. The additive can improve the extreme pressure performance of grease.
In this thesis, A new type nano potassium fluoroborate lubricating oil were studied which have outstanding properties of friction reduction, anti-wear and anti-press. It possesses broadly developing prospect.
本文对纳米氟硼酸钾新型润滑油添加剂的制备、润滑特性及分散稳定性进行了研究,此外还初步探讨了该润滑添加剂的新型应用试验。
1.试验采用机械化学修饰法,以普通KBF4粉末为原料,通过选择合适的球磨工艺及表面修饰剂,连续球磨120h成功地制备出纳米氟硼酸钾润滑油添加剂,并且化学组成和晶体结构不变。
2.试验表明,基础油添加适量纳米氟硼酸钾微粒后,其抗磨减摩性能大幅度提高。对磨斑表面进行SEM、XPS及AES分析表明,纳米氟硼酸盐由于在摩擦表面既能形成吸附膜,又能发生摩擦化学反应生成含润滑性能极好的B203沉积膜和FeF2渗透层,从而提高了抗磨减摩性能。
3.通过对纳米氟硼酸钾微粒在油中的分散行为、团聚机理及分散稳定机制的研究,找到了合适的表面修饰剂,获得了纳米氟硼酸钾微粒在基础油中分散均匀且比较稳定的胶体体系。研究表明,在制备纳米氟硼酸钾微粒的过程中,分别加入质量分数0.8%表面活性剂、0.1%电解质、0.1%聚合物可以显著提高纳米氟硼酸钾微粒在润滑油中的分散稳定性。
4.采用机械化学修饰法制备的纳米氟硼酸钾润滑油添加剂,具有极好的极压抗磨性能。试验结果表明,纳米氟硼酸钾的加入到润滑脂中无腐蚀性,并且对润滑脂的极压抗磨性有所改善。
本文成功研制了一种新型的纳米氟硼酸钾极压抗磨添加剂,它具有极好的极压抗磨减摩性能,具有十分广阔的应用全景。
Adding additives into oil to reduce friction and wear and to mend the wear surface has been widely applied in all kinds of lubrication of quite a long time. In the past few years, the emergence of nano-materials has provided a new choice. For the development of lubricant additive, Nnao-particles have small dimension effect, quanta dimension effect, surface effect and macroscopical quanta tunnel effect, so they manifest a series of specific physical and chemical characters. Nano potassium fluoroborate exhibit many specific characteristics such as high active, innocuity and pollution-free. The results indicated that the nano potassium fluoroborate has modified the lubricating performance strikingly.
In the thesis, the preparation, lubricating behavior and dispersing stability of the lube oil additive have been studied, moreover, the new applied examination of the additive is also discussed.
1. The examination has adhibited by mechanical-chemical modification method. Using commercial KBF4 powders as raw materials,120 hour later, the nano potassium fluoroborate has been made respectively by optimizing ball milling process and surfactant. At the same time, chemistry form and crystal frame of nano potassium fluoroborate are not change.
2. The results indicated that the antiwear and friction-reducing performance of base oil can be obviously enhanced by dispersing a proper nano potassium fluoroborate into the base oil. It has been found from the analyses of SEM, AES and XPS that in the friction process the fluoborate nanoparticles can form not only absorbing film but also B2O3 deposition film and FeF2 permeating layer on the friction surface by the tribochemical reaction. It is the films that modify the lubricating performance.
3. Based on the probing of the dispersing behavior of the nano potassium fluoroborate in the oil, mechanism of agglomeration and dispersing stability, the optimum dispersing method, dispersant as well as its added way and quantity have been found. A more uniform and stable colloidal suspension consisting of base oil and fluoborate nanoparticles is prepared. The results indicated that the novel method not only simplified the process, and improve the dispersion stability of the prepared Nano potassium fluoroborate particles in the lubricant. By adding 0.8 wt.% surfactant,0.1 wt.% electrolytes, and 0.1 wt.% macromolecule could enhance the dispersion stability significantly.
4. Nano potassium fluoroborate as lubricant additive has possessed strikingly lubricating performance and excellent dispersing stability which was synthesized by mechanical-chemical modification method. It is shown that the grease has been added nano potassium fluoroborate which is non-corrosive. The additive can improve the extreme pressure performance of grease.
In this thesis, A new type nano potassium fluoroborate lubricating oil were studied which have outstanding properties of friction reduction, anti-wear and anti-press. It possesses broadly developing prospect.
引文
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[2]薛茹君,吴玉程.无机纳米材料的表面修饰改性与物性研究纳米材料[M].北京：合肥工业大学出版社,2000,1-8
[3]Adams J H, Calif S R. Lubricant containing potassium borate[P]. U SP 3 997 454.14 Dec 1976.
[4]温诗铸.纳米摩擦学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1998,38-63
[5]徐滨士.表面工程与维修[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1996,32-56
[6]叶毅,董浚修,陈国需,等.纳米硼酸盐的摩擦学特性初探[J].润滑与密封,2000,4:20-21
[7]Research Group on Wear of Engineering Materials. Glossary of Terms and Definition in the Field of Friction. Wear and Lubrication[M] Paris:OECD Publication,1969,242
[8]T.曼格,W.德雷泽尔.润滑剂与润滑(中译本)[M]北京：化学工业出版社,2003,534
[9]Zhang Pingyu,Qunji Xue, Zuliang Du et al. The tribological behavior of LB films of fatty acids and nanoparticles[J] Wear,2000,242:147-149
[10]周静芳,张治军,王晓波,等油溶性铜纳米微粒作为液体石蜡添加剂的摩擦学性能研究[J].摩擦学报,2000,20(2)：123-126
[11]Yingwei Xiang,Jinyuan Zhang, Chenghai Jin,et al. Anti-friction properties of Cu10Sn-based composite containing nanometer diamond particles [J].Wear,2000,242:202
[12]石森淼.固体润滑材料[M]北京：化学工业出版社,2000,178
[13]夏延秋,丁津原,马先贵,等.纳米级金属粉改善润滑油的摩擦磨损性能试验研究[J]润滑油,1998,13(6)：37-40
[14]J. X. Dong,Z. S. Hu.A study of the anti-wear and friction-reducing properties of the lubricant additive, nanometer zinc borate [J]. Tribology International,1998,31(5):219
[15]Zefu Zhang,Laigui Yu, Weimin Liu,et al. The effect of LaF3 nanocluster modified with succinimide on the lubricating performance of liquid paraffin for steel-on-steel system[J]. Tribology International,2001 (2),34:83-86
[16]邹玲,乌学东,陈海刚,等.表面修饰二氧化钛纳米粒子的结构表征及形成机理[J]物理化学学报,2001,17(4)：305-310
[17]龚斌,陈波水,娄方,等.表面修饰硼酸镁纳米微粒的制备及其在水中的润滑性能[J].机械工程材料,2008,32(11)：57-60
[18]Qiu Sunqing, Dong Junxiu, Chen Guoxu.Tribological properties of CeF3 nanoparticles as additives in lubricating oils.[J] Wear,1999,230 (1):35-38
[19]W Qihua, X Qunji, S Weichang. The friction and wear properties of nanometre SiO2 filled polyetheretherketone[J].Tribology International,1997,30(3):193-197
[20]张波,胡泽善,叶毅,等纳米氧化锌抗磨减摩添加剂的研究[J]润滑油,1999,14(6)：40-48
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