串联型电能质量复合调节装置的补偿策略研究
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摘要
随着现代电能质量问题的日益严重,用户对电力系统的供电电压质量提出了越来越高的要求,能够抑制电力系统各种电压扰动以保证用户供电质量的补偿装置得到了发展。串联型电能质量复合调节装置(series power quality compound regulator, SPQCR)就是这样一种能够综合抑制电力系统中各种电压扰动,保证用户电压质量的装置。
SPQCR的补偿目标是灵活多变的,为了使装置在补偿能力范围内最大限度的保证负荷电压质量,本文对各种串联型补偿装置的补偿策略进行了详细的分析。(1)分析得到了同相补偿、完全补偿和最小能量补偿三种补偿策略各自的最优补偿目标,提出了三种补偿策略之间的“三道防线”的协调补偿策略,能够使装置在不同系统电压情况下最大限度的保证负荷电压质量。(2)提出了对补偿策略的补偿特性进行理论分析的研究思路,分析得到了三种补偿策略最优补偿目标的影响因素量化结论及其补偿特性曲线,为装置补偿策略的选择及参数设计提供了依据。(3)提出了装置极限补偿电压约束下的三相四线制系统及三相三线制系统补偿策略的应对措施。该应对措施综合考虑了系统电压情况以及负荷对电压的对称性要求,能够灵活适应对称负荷及单相负荷(或对电压对称性要求不高的负荷)的补偿。(4)提出了利用平面几何学方法解决三相三线制系统中三单相结构装置输出相电压补偿系统线电压时的耦合问题,避免了采用对称分量法时的复杂性,所提出方法能够使装置各相输出补偿电压尽可能相等并最小。(5)对直流电容储能型串联补偿装置提出了一种阶段式补偿策略,该策略根据系统电压以及装置直流电压变化情况将装置的补偿分为3个阶段：稳定运行阶段、超限运行阶段以及恢复阶段,对三个阶段分别采用完全补偿、最小能量补偿以及最大能量补偿,使装置在稳定运行阶段时精确补偿各种非剧烈电压扰动、在超限运行阶段补偿剧烈电压扰动时尽可能减小有功交换量、在系统电压恢复时的恢复阶段尽可能增大有功量交换使装置能量得到恢复。论文还通过RTDS数字实时仿真与物理控制器闭环实验对所提出的SPQCR单相补偿策略进行了仿真与实验验证,仿真实验结果表明了所提出补偿策略的可行性和有效性。
为了对SPQCR的补偿效果进行评估,本文提出了一种基于灾害等级概念的电能质量评估思路。该方法基于电能质量事件及电能质量灾害水平概念,将电能质量超标事件的次数及经济损失相结合对电能质量灾害水平进行评估,评估结果能够反映电能质量给供用电双方所带来的实际损失。通过调整电能质量事件发生的频次来考察灾害水平的变化情况能够对SPQCR的补偿效果进行评估并对其装置补偿策略的设计提供决策支持,能够广泛的用于评估和指导各种电能质量复合调节装置的效果与设计。
With the growing of power quality problems, the demand of voltage quality in power supply system is becoming higher. So the equipments that can compensate the disturbances in power system have been developed. Series power quality compound regulator (SPQCR) is such a kind of equipment which could ensure the voltage quality of users by regulating all the voltage disturbances in power supply system.
The compensation objective of SPQCR is flexible. The compensation strategies have been analysis in details to ensure the loads'voltage quality as much as possible in equipment's ability. (1)The optimal compensation objectives of in-phase compensation, pre-sag compensation and minimum energy compensation have been got. And the coordinate strategy of "three lines of defence" on them has been proposed which can ensure the loads'voltage quality in diffrent system and equipemt's situations. (2) The new idea of therotical analysis on compensation strategies'characteristics has been proposed. The influence factors and the characteristic curves on each compensation strateies' optimal objectives have been got which can be used as the basis of compensation strategies'choice and parameters'design. (3) The response schemes of three-phase four-line system and three-phase three-line system compensation strategy in the equipment's voltage limitation have been proposed. The power system situations and load's voltage demands have been considered. So the schemes can satify both symmetrical and unsymmetical loads. (4) The geometry method has been proposed to solve the coupling problems when compensating the line-voltage in three-phase three-line system by the equipemnt's phase compensation voltage. The decoupling method can avoid the complication of symmetrical component method and the equipment's export voltage can be as same as possible. (5) A stages compensation strategy has been proposed to the series compensation equipments which supplied by DC-capacitor. The strategy has three stages-steady operation stage, overrun operation stage and recovery operation stage. The pre-sag voltage compensation, minimum energy compensation and maximum energy compensation strategies are adopted to the three stages respectively. The load-side voltage quality can be ensured accurately in the steady operation stage, the compensation time can be prolonged by minimizing the active power exchange in the overrun operation stage and the DC-capacitor voltage could be recovered to the permission value as soon as possible in the recovery operation stage. The simulation and experiment outcomes of closed loop experiments with real time digitial simulation (RTDS) and physical controller show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed compensation strategies.
A power quality comprehensive evaluation method based on the disaster level has been proposed to evaluate the efficiency of SPQCR. The evaluation method based on the concepts of power quality event and power quality disaster level which uses the times of power quality events and its economic losses to get the disaster level of power quality. The evaluation results can reflect the power utility and users'real losses. The efficiency and decision support of SPQCR design can be got in the way of investigating the disaster level by changing the frequency of power quality events. And the evaluation method can be used in the other power quality compound regulators'design too.
SPQCR的补偿目标是灵活多变的,为了使装置在补偿能力范围内最大限度的保证负荷电压质量,本文对各种串联型补偿装置的补偿策略进行了详细的分析。(1)分析得到了同相补偿、完全补偿和最小能量补偿三种补偿策略各自的最优补偿目标,提出了三种补偿策略之间的“三道防线”的协调补偿策略,能够使装置在不同系统电压情况下最大限度的保证负荷电压质量。(2)提出了对补偿策略的补偿特性进行理论分析的研究思路,分析得到了三种补偿策略最优补偿目标的影响因素量化结论及其补偿特性曲线,为装置补偿策略的选择及参数设计提供了依据。(3)提出了装置极限补偿电压约束下的三相四线制系统及三相三线制系统补偿策略的应对措施。该应对措施综合考虑了系统电压情况以及负荷对电压的对称性要求,能够灵活适应对称负荷及单相负荷(或对电压对称性要求不高的负荷)的补偿。(4)提出了利用平面几何学方法解决三相三线制系统中三单相结构装置输出相电压补偿系统线电压时的耦合问题,避免了采用对称分量法时的复杂性,所提出方法能够使装置各相输出补偿电压尽可能相等并最小。(5)对直流电容储能型串联补偿装置提出了一种阶段式补偿策略,该策略根据系统电压以及装置直流电压变化情况将装置的补偿分为3个阶段：稳定运行阶段、超限运行阶段以及恢复阶段,对三个阶段分别采用完全补偿、最小能量补偿以及最大能量补偿,使装置在稳定运行阶段时精确补偿各种非剧烈电压扰动、在超限运行阶段补偿剧烈电压扰动时尽可能减小有功交换量、在系统电压恢复时的恢复阶段尽可能增大有功量交换使装置能量得到恢复。论文还通过RTDS数字实时仿真与物理控制器闭环实验对所提出的SPQCR单相补偿策略进行了仿真与实验验证,仿真实验结果表明了所提出补偿策略的可行性和有效性。
为了对SPQCR的补偿效果进行评估,本文提出了一种基于灾害等级概念的电能质量评估思路。该方法基于电能质量事件及电能质量灾害水平概念,将电能质量超标事件的次数及经济损失相结合对电能质量灾害水平进行评估,评估结果能够反映电能质量给供用电双方所带来的实际损失。通过调整电能质量事件发生的频次来考察灾害水平的变化情况能够对SPQCR的补偿效果进行评估并对其装置补偿策略的设计提供决策支持,能够广泛的用于评估和指导各种电能质量复合调节装置的效果与设计。
With the growing of power quality problems, the demand of voltage quality in power supply system is becoming higher. So the equipments that can compensate the disturbances in power system have been developed. Series power quality compound regulator (SPQCR) is such a kind of equipment which could ensure the voltage quality of users by regulating all the voltage disturbances in power supply system.
The compensation objective of SPQCR is flexible. The compensation strategies have been analysis in details to ensure the loads'voltage quality as much as possible in equipment's ability. (1)The optimal compensation objectives of in-phase compensation, pre-sag compensation and minimum energy compensation have been got. And the coordinate strategy of "three lines of defence" on them has been proposed which can ensure the loads'voltage quality in diffrent system and equipemt's situations. (2) The new idea of therotical analysis on compensation strategies'characteristics has been proposed. The influence factors and the characteristic curves on each compensation strateies' optimal objectives have been got which can be used as the basis of compensation strategies'choice and parameters'design. (3) The response schemes of three-phase four-line system and three-phase three-line system compensation strategy in the equipment's voltage limitation have been proposed. The power system situations and load's voltage demands have been considered. So the schemes can satify both symmetrical and unsymmetical loads. (4) The geometry method has been proposed to solve the coupling problems when compensating the line-voltage in three-phase three-line system by the equipemnt's phase compensation voltage. The decoupling method can avoid the complication of symmetrical component method and the equipment's export voltage can be as same as possible. (5) A stages compensation strategy has been proposed to the series compensation equipments which supplied by DC-capacitor. The strategy has three stages-steady operation stage, overrun operation stage and recovery operation stage. The pre-sag voltage compensation, minimum energy compensation and maximum energy compensation strategies are adopted to the three stages respectively. The load-side voltage quality can be ensured accurately in the steady operation stage, the compensation time can be prolonged by minimizing the active power exchange in the overrun operation stage and the DC-capacitor voltage could be recovered to the permission value as soon as possible in the recovery operation stage. The simulation and experiment outcomes of closed loop experiments with real time digitial simulation (RTDS) and physical controller show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed compensation strategies.
A power quality comprehensive evaluation method based on the disaster level has been proposed to evaluate the efficiency of SPQCR. The evaluation method based on the concepts of power quality event and power quality disaster level which uses the times of power quality events and its economic losses to get the disaster level of power quality. The evaluation results can reflect the power utility and users'real losses. The efficiency and decision support of SPQCR design can be got in the way of investigating the disaster level by changing the frequency of power quality events. And the evaluation method can be used in the other power quality compound regulators'design too.
引文
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