羊口蹄疫灭活疫苗免疫程序的研究
摘要
摘要：近几年,随着林业部门禁牧政策的落实,传统的羊放牧饲养模式逐渐被规模化舍饲模式所取代,为确保养羊业生产的健康持续发展,维护广大农民群众的切身利益,研究建立一套科学合理、符合延庆地区实际情况的羊口蹄疫疫苗免疫程序,开展本课题研究。通过进行2个试验,选定免疫效果好、节省成本的疫苗产品作为推广对象,开展免疫程序的研究。试验1为亚洲I型、0型口蹄疫单苗联合免疫与亚洲I型-O型口蹄疫二价苗的免疫效果对比试验；试验2为亚洲I型-O型口蹄疫二价苗的免疫程序研究。试验1选取30只试验动物分3组,每组10只。第1组为亚洲I型、0型单价灭活疫苗联合免疫组,第2组为二价联苗免疫组,第3组为空白对照组。按照疫苗厂家推荐的免疫程序进行免疫,分别于7、14、21、28、34日龄检测母源抗体,35日龄进行首免,首免后7、14、21、28天进行跟踪检测；间隔30天65日龄进行二免,二免后7、14、21、28、58、118、148、178天进行跟踪检测；二免后每6个月免疫一次。0型口蹄疫抗体效价检测采用正向间接血凝试验,亚I型口蹄疫抗体效价检测采用液相阻断ELISA试验。试验结果表明：联苗组、二价苗组在母源抗体检测和免后、三免后的抗体跟踪检测中水平基本一致,故选择二价苗作为推广对象进行免疫程序试验。试验2：选取20只试验动物,分2组,每组10只,第1组为试验组,第2组为空白对照组。根据抗体水平确定免疫时间,当抗体水平接近临界值时进行初免,间隔30天进行一次强化免疫,以后根据抗体消长情况进行免疫。实验结果表明：分别于3、7、14、21、28、42、56日龄检测母源抗体水平,第1组二价苗组在42日龄时母源抗体平均水平都处于一个相对较低但又能保护畜群的滴度,56日龄时0型抗体水平已基本接近于临界值,亚I型抗体水平略低于临界值。结合实践,首免应选择在45口龄左右；依据免疫学原理和疫苗推荐免疫程序,首免后30天进行二免；二免后分别于14、28、56、116天进行抗体检测,116天时O型抗体水平仍然较高,亚洲I型接近于临界值,进行三免；三免后分别于28、56、116天进行抗体检测,116天时O型抗体水平较高,亚洲I型接近于临界值,应选择进行下一次免疫。两个试验过程中,空白对照组免疫抗体一直呈下降趋势,直至抗体消失,并持续至试验结束,由于本研究不具备攻毒试验条件,只能依此判断实验动物未受到野毒感染,依据抗体的检测结果证实疫苗的免疫效果。结论：牛羊用亚洲I型-O型口蹄疫二价疫苗的免疫程序为,颈部或臀部肌肉注射,首免选择在45口龄,免疫剂量0.5ml,首免后30天进行加强免疫,剂量0.5ml,之后每4个月左右进行1次免疫,剂量1ml。
In recent years, with the implementation of grazing policy by forestry department, the traditional sheep grazing feeding pattern has been gradually replaced by large-scale one. In order to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of sheep industry and safeguard the vital interests of broad masses of peasants, the research in this topic is carried out to study and establish a scientific and reasonable immunization program for inactivated vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease in sheep in line with the actual situation of Yanqing County.
By conducting two experiments, vaccine products of good immune effect and cost-effective promotion are selected as objects to carry out immunization programs research. Experiment 1 is to compare the immune effect between combined immunodeficiency of single vaccines against Asian I-type, O-type foot-and-mouth disease and that of divalent ones. Experiment 2 is to study the immunization program for bivalent vaccines against Asian I-type, O-type foot-and-mouth disease.
Experiment 1 selects 30 experimental animals which are divided into 3 groups with 10 as a group. Group 1 is for the combined immunodeficiency group of single vaccines against Asian I-type, O-type foot-and-mouth disease; Group 2 is for the divalent vaccines and Group 3 is as a blank control group. Immunity is carried out in accordance with the recommended immunization schedule by vaccine manufacturers, that is to test the maternal antibody at 7,14,21,28,34-day-old respectively;the first immunity is at 35 days old with the tracking test on 7,14,21,28 days after the first immunity. At 65-day-old, the second immunity is carried out with an interval of 30 days; the tracking test is on 7,14,21,28 days after the second immunity; and immunity is carried out every 6 months after the second immunization.O-type foot and mouth disease antibody titers are detected by a positive indirect hemagglutination test, and sub-I-Type foot-and-mouth disease antibody titers are detected by liquid-phase blocking ELISA test. The results show that:combined immunodeficiency group and the divalent group are of the same level basically in the maternal antibody testing and the tracking test after the second and third immunity, so the divalent vaccines are selected as objects to carry out immunization programs research.
Experiment 2 selects 20 experimental animals which are divided into 2 groups with 10 as a group. Group 1 is the test group and Group 2 is the blank control group. The immunity time is determined according to the immune antibody level;when it is close to the threshold, carry out the first immunity; conduct an intensified immunity with an interval of 30 days;after that carry out other immunity according to the rise-and-fall situation of antibody. The results show that:test the maternal antibody level at 3,7,14,21,28,42,56 days old respectively; the level in Group 1 of divalent vaccines are relatively low, but the titer can protect the herd; at 56 days old O-antibody level has been basically close to the threshold, and the Asia-I Type antibody level is slightly lower than the threshold. With the combination of practice, the first immunity should be carried out at about 45-day-old; based on principles of immunology and vaccine recommended immunization program, carry out the second immunity 30 days after the first immunity;test the antibody level on Day 14,28,56,116 respectively after the second immunity;at Day 116, O-antibody level is still high,the Asian-I is close to the threshold, carry out the third immunity;test the antibody level on Day 28,56,116 respectively after the third immunity; at Day 116, O-antibody level is high,the Asian-I is close to the threshold,carry out the next immunity.
In the two experiments, immune antibody of the blank control group has been of a downward trend until the antibodies disappear, and continue until the end of experiment. As this study has no attacking toxicity test conditions, it can only be judged accordingly that experimental animals are not infected with wild toxic;the immune effects of the vaccine are confirmed based on the antibody test results.
Conclusion:Immunization program for Asia-I-O type divalent'vaccine of cows and sheep against foot-and-mouth disease procedures should be:carry out the first immunity at 45day-old with neck or buttocks intramuscular injection of 0.5ml immunization dose; carry out the booster immunization 30 days after the first immunity with 0.5ml dose; every 4 months after that carry out one immunity with 1ml immunization dose.
In recent years, with the implementation of grazing policy by forestry department, the traditional sheep grazing feeding pattern has been gradually replaced by large-scale one. In order to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of sheep industry and safeguard the vital interests of broad masses of peasants, the research in this topic is carried out to study and establish a scientific and reasonable immunization program for inactivated vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease in sheep in line with the actual situation of Yanqing County.
By conducting two experiments, vaccine products of good immune effect and cost-effective promotion are selected as objects to carry out immunization programs research. Experiment 1 is to compare the immune effect between combined immunodeficiency of single vaccines against Asian I-type, O-type foot-and-mouth disease and that of divalent ones. Experiment 2 is to study the immunization program for bivalent vaccines against Asian I-type, O-type foot-and-mouth disease.
Experiment 1 selects 30 experimental animals which are divided into 3 groups with 10 as a group. Group 1 is for the combined immunodeficiency group of single vaccines against Asian I-type, O-type foot-and-mouth disease; Group 2 is for the divalent vaccines and Group 3 is as a blank control group. Immunity is carried out in accordance with the recommended immunization schedule by vaccine manufacturers, that is to test the maternal antibody at 7,14,21,28,34-day-old respectively;the first immunity is at 35 days old with the tracking test on 7,14,21,28 days after the first immunity. At 65-day-old, the second immunity is carried out with an interval of 30 days; the tracking test is on 7,14,21,28 days after the second immunity; and immunity is carried out every 6 months after the second immunization.O-type foot and mouth disease antibody titers are detected by a positive indirect hemagglutination test, and sub-I-Type foot-and-mouth disease antibody titers are detected by liquid-phase blocking ELISA test. The results show that:combined immunodeficiency group and the divalent group are of the same level basically in the maternal antibody testing and the tracking test after the second and third immunity, so the divalent vaccines are selected as objects to carry out immunization programs research.
Experiment 2 selects 20 experimental animals which are divided into 2 groups with 10 as a group. Group 1 is the test group and Group 2 is the blank control group. The immunity time is determined according to the immune antibody level;when it is close to the threshold, carry out the first immunity; conduct an intensified immunity with an interval of 30 days;after that carry out other immunity according to the rise-and-fall situation of antibody. The results show that:test the maternal antibody level at 3,7,14,21,28,42,56 days old respectively; the level in Group 1 of divalent vaccines are relatively low, but the titer can protect the herd; at 56 days old O-antibody level has been basically close to the threshold, and the Asia-I Type antibody level is slightly lower than the threshold. With the combination of practice, the first immunity should be carried out at about 45-day-old; based on principles of immunology and vaccine recommended immunization program, carry out the second immunity 30 days after the first immunity;test the antibody level on Day 14,28,56,116 respectively after the second immunity;at Day 116, O-antibody level is still high,the Asian-I is close to the threshold, carry out the third immunity;test the antibody level on Day 28,56,116 respectively after the third immunity; at Day 116, O-antibody level is high,the Asian-I is close to the threshold,carry out the next immunity.
In the two experiments, immune antibody of the blank control group has been of a downward trend until the antibodies disappear, and continue until the end of experiment. As this study has no attacking toxicity test conditions, it can only be judged accordingly that experimental animals are not infected with wild toxic;the immune effects of the vaccine are confirmed based on the antibody test results.
Conclusion:Immunization program for Asia-I-O type divalent'vaccine of cows and sheep against foot-and-mouth disease procedures should be:carry out the first immunity at 45day-old with neck or buttocks intramuscular injection of 0.5ml immunization dose; carry out the booster immunization 30 days after the first immunity with 0.5ml dose; every 4 months after that carry out one immunity with 1ml immunization dose.
引文
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2.费思阁,动物传染病学[M].第1版,长春：吉林科学技术出版社,1995.
3.殷震,刘景华,动物病毒学[M].第2版,北京：科学出版社,1997,31(2)：14-16.
4.田增义,尹德华,口蹄疫防疫技术[M].兰州：甘肃民族出版社,2001.
5.刘磊,牟克斌主编.家畜口蹄疫防制[M].北京：金盾出版社,2003.
6.丁贝尔,等.家畜的传染病.盛彤笙译[M].北京：科学出版社,1993：70-75
7.杨汉春.动物免疫学[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社,2003.237-302.
8.郑增忍,滕翔燕,黄保续,等,1998年口蹄疫的世界流行情况[J].中国动物检疫,1999,16(2)：50-51.
9.柳纪省,口蹄疫研究进展[J].中国兽医科技.1999,29(3)：17-22.
10.林琳,江斌,吴胜会等.2003年我省部分规模化猪场主要猪病免疫监测及其评价[J].福建畜牧兽医.2004,26(4)：14-16.
11.吴昌标,猪口蹄疫免疫程序的研究[硕士学位论文].福建：福建农林大学,2004
12.罗宗刚,规模化猪场猪口蹄疫疫苗免疫程序研究[硕十学位论文].四川：四川农业大学,2006.
13.何启盖,陈焕春,规模化猪场猪瘟、细小病毒、口蹄疫抗体水平监测和免疫效果分析[J].中国预防兽医学报,2000,22(1)：5-9.
14.梁赐传.某地区牛羊口蹄疫免疫监测与分析[J].福建畜牧兽医,2007,(5)：13-14.
15.陈华林,贾泽颖,朱海明,等.O型亚洲I型口蹄疫单苗和二联苗免疫效果观察[J].中国兽医杂志,2008,(1)：10-11.
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17.王峰,王伟峰等,羊口蹄疫免疫程序初探[J].畜牧与兽医,2002,(10)：3-5.
18.张立昌,刘尚高,口蹄疫免疫学研究进展[J].中国曾·医科技.1995,25(11)：21-22.
19.陈应理,戈银生,潘丽,口蹄疫联合免疫的研究进展[J].中国预防曾·医学报.1998,20-21.
20.杨永钦,李乐,母源性抗体对幼畜口蹄疫疫苗接种的影响[J].云南畜牧曾.医,1997,4：33.
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