40T混合磁体外超导磁体电源的开关电源方案研究与设计
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摘要
中科院强磁场中心的40T稳态强磁场装置的磁体由内水冷磁体和外超导磁体两部分组成,其中的外超导磁体需要一个最大输出8V/16KA的电源,且对电流和电压的稳定度有很高的要求。超导磁体电源目前采用的是传统的双反星形可控硅整流方案,该方案最主要缺点是设备体积很大。另一种备选方案是基于开关电源设计,一般而言,高频开关电源具有更小的体积且容易做到更高的效率,但仅靠LC滤波难以滤除开关电源前级三相不可控整流带来的低频纹波,且电源无法输出负电压用于使磁体电流可控下降。
论文第2章首先介绍了各种逆变电路和整流电路并结合超导磁体电源的需求选择了原边全桥逆变加副边全波整流作为电源主回路的基本拓扑。为了降低损耗,在基本拓扑的基础上采用了原边串联饱和电感的移相全桥软开关技术和副边的同步整流技术。在第2章的最后给出了磁体电源的总拓扑并简要描述了拟采用的失超保护方案。接着的第3章对主拓扑各参数进行了计算。
为了更好地减小输出纹波,在开关变换器的输出端添加了有源滤波装置。论文第4章首先介绍了各种直流有源滤波器,然后重点分析了超导磁体电源选用串联线性有源滤波的原因。其中一个核心原因是将串联线性有源滤波与同步整流电路相结合,并通过恰当的控制方式,可以使电源输出负电压。在第4章的最后对串联线性有源滤波中MOSFET调整管的导通内阻调整能力进行了具体分析。
论文第5章首先给出了将有源滤波环节的控制系统和开关变换器环节的控制系统联系起来使其可以协同工作的总体控制方案。对于有源滤波环节的反馈控制系统,在电路建模的基础上,结合波特图设计了电压内环电流外环的双闭环控制系统；对于开关变换器环节的控制系统,在考虑了调整管导通电阻对开环传递函数的影响的基础上,基于第2章中的主拓扑建模结论演化后给出了具体的PID补偿网络设计方法。在第5章的最后简要介绍了开关变换器环节也可以采用的峰值电流控制方式。
为了验证前述章节中磁体电源主回路和控制回路设计的正确性,在第6章中设计了一个样机电源并给出了开关变换器软开关效果的仿真验证结果、直流有源滤波器环节滤波效果的仿真验证结果和整体控制系统的动态响应效果仿真验证结果,最后给出了样机实验测试结果。仿真和实验测试结果表明整体控制方案中的两个反馈控制环节协同工作良好,电源输出稳定度很高。
论文的第7章对全文完成的工作进行了总结,并提出了对后续研究的展望。
The40T hybrid-magnet in High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HFML) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) consists of a resistive-insert magnet and a superconducting outsert magnet, and the latter requires a highly stabilized power supply whose maximum output parameter is8V/16KA. The existing power supply adopts the traditional dual reverse star-shaped SCR scheme. Its major shortcoming is bulkiness. At the same time, another alternative is based on switching power supply technology. In General, such power supply have much smaller volume and much higher efficiency. However, it is hard to depress the low frequency ripple, which is caused by three-phase uncontrolled rectifier and a normal switching power supply cannot output negative voltage which can be used to make the current down controllably.
In the beginning of chapter2, different kinds of inverters and rectification circuits are introduced. Considering the actual requirements of the power supply, the main circuit topology is combined by a full bridge invertor on primary side and a full wave rectifier on secondary side. In order to reduce switching loss, the phase-shift control full-bridge soft switching technology, which is characterized by saturated inductor connected to transformer primary coils in series, and the secondary synchronous rectification technology are also applied in the main circuit. At the end of chapter2, the overall topology of the superconducting outsert magnet power supply is given and the proposed quench protection scheme is briefly described. Moreover, in chapter3the calculation of each parameters of the power supply is presented in detail.
In order to restrain output ripple, an active filter is added to the output end of the switching converter. In the beginning of chapter4, all kinds of DC active power filter are briefly introduced, and the reasons why SSLAPF (Series Linear Active Power Filter) is chosen for the superconducting outsert magnet power supply is analyzed emphatically. One of the most important reasons is that the SSLAPF can be combine with the synchronous rectifier and the power supply can generate negative voltage with the help of proper controlling methods. The output adjustment capacity of MOSFET is specifically analyzed.
The chapter5begins with the overall control scheme, which can make the controller of the SSLAPF and the controller of the switching converter work in cooperation. Based on the circuit modeling and analysis of bode graphs, the outer inner voltage-current dual closed loop control system is designed for the SSLAPF. The designing of controller of the switching converter takes the adjusting transistor's on-resistance influence on open-loop transfer function into account. Based on the main topology modeling in the chapter2, a specific PID compensating network is given. Meanwhile, the switching converter can also adopt the peak-current controlling method, which is briefly introduced at the end of chapter5.
In chapter6, a prototype is designed and the simulation results of the soft switching, SSLAPF and the overall control system is presented to validate the correctness of the design of the main circuit and the controlling strategy. At the same time, the experiment results are also provided in detail. The simulation and experiment results show that the two feedback control loops of the overall control system cooperate well.
In the end, chapter7summarizes this thesis and presents tentative researches and perspectives on some other related issues.
论文第2章首先介绍了各种逆变电路和整流电路并结合超导磁体电源的需求选择了原边全桥逆变加副边全波整流作为电源主回路的基本拓扑。为了降低损耗,在基本拓扑的基础上采用了原边串联饱和电感的移相全桥软开关技术和副边的同步整流技术。在第2章的最后给出了磁体电源的总拓扑并简要描述了拟采用的失超保护方案。接着的第3章对主拓扑各参数进行了计算。
为了更好地减小输出纹波,在开关变换器的输出端添加了有源滤波装置。论文第4章首先介绍了各种直流有源滤波器,然后重点分析了超导磁体电源选用串联线性有源滤波的原因。其中一个核心原因是将串联线性有源滤波与同步整流电路相结合,并通过恰当的控制方式,可以使电源输出负电压。在第4章的最后对串联线性有源滤波中MOSFET调整管的导通内阻调整能力进行了具体分析。
论文第5章首先给出了将有源滤波环节的控制系统和开关变换器环节的控制系统联系起来使其可以协同工作的总体控制方案。对于有源滤波环节的反馈控制系统,在电路建模的基础上,结合波特图设计了电压内环电流外环的双闭环控制系统；对于开关变换器环节的控制系统,在考虑了调整管导通电阻对开环传递函数的影响的基础上,基于第2章中的主拓扑建模结论演化后给出了具体的PID补偿网络设计方法。在第5章的最后简要介绍了开关变换器环节也可以采用的峰值电流控制方式。
为了验证前述章节中磁体电源主回路和控制回路设计的正确性,在第6章中设计了一个样机电源并给出了开关变换器软开关效果的仿真验证结果、直流有源滤波器环节滤波效果的仿真验证结果和整体控制系统的动态响应效果仿真验证结果,最后给出了样机实验测试结果。仿真和实验测试结果表明整体控制方案中的两个反馈控制环节协同工作良好,电源输出稳定度很高。
论文的第7章对全文完成的工作进行了总结,并提出了对后续研究的展望。
The40T hybrid-magnet in High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HFML) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) consists of a resistive-insert magnet and a superconducting outsert magnet, and the latter requires a highly stabilized power supply whose maximum output parameter is8V/16KA. The existing power supply adopts the traditional dual reverse star-shaped SCR scheme. Its major shortcoming is bulkiness. At the same time, another alternative is based on switching power supply technology. In General, such power supply have much smaller volume and much higher efficiency. However, it is hard to depress the low frequency ripple, which is caused by three-phase uncontrolled rectifier and a normal switching power supply cannot output negative voltage which can be used to make the current down controllably.
In the beginning of chapter2, different kinds of inverters and rectification circuits are introduced. Considering the actual requirements of the power supply, the main circuit topology is combined by a full bridge invertor on primary side and a full wave rectifier on secondary side. In order to reduce switching loss, the phase-shift control full-bridge soft switching technology, which is characterized by saturated inductor connected to transformer primary coils in series, and the secondary synchronous rectification technology are also applied in the main circuit. At the end of chapter2, the overall topology of the superconducting outsert magnet power supply is given and the proposed quench protection scheme is briefly described. Moreover, in chapter3the calculation of each parameters of the power supply is presented in detail.
In order to restrain output ripple, an active filter is added to the output end of the switching converter. In the beginning of chapter4, all kinds of DC active power filter are briefly introduced, and the reasons why SSLAPF (Series Linear Active Power Filter) is chosen for the superconducting outsert magnet power supply is analyzed emphatically. One of the most important reasons is that the SSLAPF can be combine with the synchronous rectifier and the power supply can generate negative voltage with the help of proper controlling methods. The output adjustment capacity of MOSFET is specifically analyzed.
The chapter5begins with the overall control scheme, which can make the controller of the SSLAPF and the controller of the switching converter work in cooperation. Based on the circuit modeling and analysis of bode graphs, the outer inner voltage-current dual closed loop control system is designed for the SSLAPF. The designing of controller of the switching converter takes the adjusting transistor's on-resistance influence on open-loop transfer function into account. Based on the main topology modeling in the chapter2, a specific PID compensating network is given. Meanwhile, the switching converter can also adopt the peak-current controlling method, which is briefly introduced at the end of chapter5.
In chapter6, a prototype is designed and the simulation results of the soft switching, SSLAPF and the overall control system is presented to validate the correctness of the design of the main circuit and the controlling strategy. At the same time, the experiment results are also provided in detail. The simulation and experiment results show that the two feedback control loops of the overall control system cooperate well.
In the end, chapter7summarizes this thesis and presents tentative researches and perspectives on some other related issues.
引文
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