清热解毒益气活血法治疗2型糖尿病并脑梗塞的理论与临床研究
|
摘要
目的:探讨2型糖尿病并脑梗塞的病机和治法,提出2型糖尿病并脑梗塞的主要病机为“气虚血瘀-瘀热生毒-毒损脑络”,其中“毒损脑络”为其病机关键,清热解毒、益气活血法可能成为改善糖尿病并脑梗塞疾病结局的有效疗法的假说;观察中药复方益消复瘫汤治疗2型糖尿病并脑梗塞的临床疗效,探讨其对2型糖尿病并脑梗塞进行干预治疗的生物学机制,为中医药防治2型糖尿病并脑梗塞提供新的理论依据和有效方药。
方法:1.理论研究方法:采用文献学,逻辑分析方法对2型糖尿病并脑梗塞的病理机制进行理论探讨;2.临床研究方法:以30例2型糖尿病并脑梗塞患者为研究对象,口服益消复瘫汤8周,按积分记录症状体征,检测疗效指标:包括中医证候疗效,神经功能缺损(NIHSS)水平,认知功能障碍(MMSE)水平,日常生活活动能力(Barthel),生存质量评估(QLI),血糖,糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),胰岛素敏感指数,血脂指标(TC、TG、HDL、LDL),血液流变指标(全血比粘度、血浆比粘度、纤维蛋白原),内皮功能(ET、NO),血清炎性指标(C反应蛋白)等。同时监测血、尿、大便常规、肝、肾功能等安全性指标。并与30例补阳还五汤对照组作比较研究。
结果:
1.理论研究结果
根据导师学术思想,认为2型糖尿病并脑梗塞是在2型糖尿病的基础上发展而来,脾气亏虚是2型糖尿病的主要病机,气虚日久瘀血内阻于络脉,瘀久化热生毒,毒损脑络,出现糖尿病并脑梗塞。所以气虚血瘀是2型糖尿病并脑梗塞的基本病机,毒损脑络是其病机关键。本着标本同治的原则,以“络脉”和“毒邪”为重点,以清热解毒,益气活血为治法。临床应用强调清热解毒,活血通络;培补元气,调理气血;虫类走窜,搜邪剔络等方药的应用;尤其重视药物归经入脑、兼顾标本两病的药物作用和清热解毒药的层次性选择问题。
2.临床研究结果
经益消复瘫汤治疗8周后,患者的中医证候积分较治疗前明显下降,半身不遂、肢体麻木、口干、多饮、多尿、气短、乏力、自汗改善最为明显(P<0.01),口舌歪斜积分也有下降(P<0.05)。神经功能缺损水平,认知功能障碍水平,日常生活活动能力等各项检测指标明显改善(P<0.01),综合生活质量明显改善(P<0.01)。血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白及胰岛素敏感性明显改善,血糖、糖化血红蛋白较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),胰岛素敏感指数升高(P<0.05);血液粘度较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01);降低血脂水平,以TC最明显,治疗后血脂水平明显下降(P<0.01),LDL也有下降(P<0.05)。血管内皮功能得到明显改善,血浆ET水平明显降低(P<0.01),NO水平明显上调(P<0.01)。降低C反应蛋白水平,治疗前后有显著性差异(P<0.01)。统计表明,治疗组在改善中医证候、神经功能缺损、改善认知功能、日常生活能力、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛功能、血流变、血脂、内皮功能、清除血清炎性标记物等各项指标方面均优于补阳还五汤对照组,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
结论:经益消复瘫汤治疗8周后,2型糖尿病并脑梗塞患者从临床症状到各项化验指标都有明显改善,具体表现在:减轻和改善神经系统和内分泌系统的临床症状和体征;改善血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛功能、血液流变学状态及血脂水平;保护血管内皮细胞功能;减轻炎症反应。统计表明,治疗组各项指标改善情况均优于补阳还五汤组,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。表明益消复瘫汤具有确切的糖尿病及脑血管治疗保护作用。本研究证实,气虚血瘀、毒损脑络是2型糖尿病并脑梗塞的主要病机,清热解毒、益气活血通络是2型糖尿病并脑梗塞的重要治法。益消复瘫汤具有显著的临床疗效,是治疗2型糖尿病并脑梗塞的有效复方。
Objective:Study the pathology mechanism and treatment method of type 2 diabetic cerebral infarction (DCI). Make the hypothesis, that main pathology mechanism of DCI is“deficiency, blood stasis and toxicant”, in other words,“qi deficiency and blood stasis-stasis heat reducing toxicant-toxicant damaging brain collaterals”,“toxicant damaging brain collaterals”is the key of pathogenesis. The treatment methods of clearing away heat and toxic materials and supplementing qi and activating blood circulation maybe a valid therapy for improving the finality of DCI ;To observe the clinical curative effects of Chinese traditional medicine compound, Yi-xiao-fu-tan decoction, on treatment of type 2 diabetic cerebral infarction. To inquire into its biology mechanisms onintervention and treatment of DCI, provide new theoretical basis and valid prescription on prevention and treatment of DCI with traditional Chinese medicine.
Methods: 1. Methods of theory study: We studied the pathology mechanism of type 2 diabetic cerebral infarction (DCI) with document and logical analysis methods; 2. Methods of clinical study: 30 cases with type 2 diabetic cerebral infarction were taken as objects, and treatmeant with chinses medicine Yi-xiao-fu-tan decoction. The whole course of treatment group was 8 weeks. By means of comparative the curative effect for patients before and after therapy between treatment group and control group which treated with Bu-yang-huan-wu decoction, the observations on effects were made. The indexes of curative effects included: clinical symptoms integrals; nervus dysfunctions system (NIHSS), cognitive function (MMSE), viability (Barthel), quality of life index(QLI), blood glucose, Glycosylated Hemoglobin A-1c(HbA1c), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) ,blood-lipid (TC, TG, LDL, HDL), blood rheologp (whool blood riscosity, plasmic riscosity, fibrinogen), the functions of endothelial cell (ET, NO), serum inflammatory index (c-reactive protein,CRP),etc. The safety evalutions were monitored surveillanced at the same time, which included:
Blood routine examination, routine uronoscopy, fecal routine examination, liver and renal functions and so on.
Results:
1. Results of Theory Study
According to tutor’s academic thoughts, we think that type 2 diabetic cerebral infarction is developed from basis of T2DM, spleen qi deficiency is the main pathogenesis of T2DM, prolonged qi deficiency leads to blood stasis blocking collaterals, heat caused by prolonged stasis reduces toxicant, toxicant damages brain collaterals, so DCI appears. Therefore, qi deficiency and blood stasis are T2DM’s basic pathogenesis, toxicant damaging brain collaterals is the key of pathogenesis. In accordance with the principles of treating both the incidental and fundamental aspects, putting emphasis on“collaterals”and“Poison-evil”, the treatment methods are clearing away heat and toxic materials Supplement qi and activate blood circulation. Clinical application strengthens clearing away heat and toxic materials, Promoting blood circulation to remove obstruction in the collaterals; surpplyment vitality, regulate qi and blood; employment drugs of parasitosis that could go to everywhere in one’s body, expelling pathogenic factor and removing obstruction in the channels, and so on. Especially, we consider the selecting of the drugs which to guide channel tropism to brain, give consideration to drug targeting function of both the incidental and fundamental aspects, and stratified choice of herbals with functions of clearing heat and removing toxic materials.
2.Results of Clinical Study
After 8 weeks, the scores of patients’symptoms declined, the distinctly improvement symptoms were hemiplegia, numbess, thirst, polydipsia, polyuria, asthenia, shortness of breath ,and spontaneous perspiration (P<0.01), the scores of facial hemiparalysis lowered shorterly (P<0.05). The indexes of NIHSS, MMSE, viability and QLI were all quite obviously improved (P<0.01). The blood glucose, HbA1c and ISI were clearly improved. Blood glucose and HbA1c were more lower than before treatment (P<0.01), ISI was increased(P<0.01); The whole and plasmic viscosity and blood lipid declined much than befor treatment (P<0.01). The level of ET was lowered(P<0.01) and of NO was rised(P<0.01), moreover, the amount of c-reactive protein was declined obviously (P<0.01). The outcomes of statistic showed that, the indexes above of Yi-xiao-fu-tan decoction were better than that of the group of Bu-yang-huan-wu decoction (P<0.05).
Conclusions: After 8 weeks treatment on T2DCI with Yi-xiao-fu-tan decoction, patients’clinical symptoms and various laboratory findings were improved obviously. The concrete expressions are as such: clinical symptoms and physical signs of nervous system and endocrine system were decreased and improved; Blood glucose, HbA1c, islet function, blood rheology and blood-lipid were improved; the functions of endothelial cell were protected; serum inflammatory index was decreased. Statistics show that all indexes improved in treatment group were superior to ones in control group, The significance of difference is obvious(P<0.05).It is indicated that Yi-xiao-fu-tan decoction has exact functions of treatment and protection on diabetes and cerebrovascular disease. This research proved qi deficiency and blood stasis and toxicant damaging brain collaterals was main pathogenesis of T2DCI, clearing away heat and toxic materials Supplement qi and activate blood circulation to remove obstruction in the channels was important treatment methods. Yi-xiao-fu-tan decoction has obviously clinical curative effects, it is an effective compound herbal recipe on treatment T2DCI.
方法:1.理论研究方法:采用文献学,逻辑分析方法对2型糖尿病并脑梗塞的病理机制进行理论探讨;2.临床研究方法:以30例2型糖尿病并脑梗塞患者为研究对象,口服益消复瘫汤8周,按积分记录症状体征,检测疗效指标:包括中医证候疗效,神经功能缺损(NIHSS)水平,认知功能障碍(MMSE)水平,日常生活活动能力(Barthel),生存质量评估(QLI),血糖,糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),胰岛素敏感指数,血脂指标(TC、TG、HDL、LDL),血液流变指标(全血比粘度、血浆比粘度、纤维蛋白原),内皮功能(ET、NO),血清炎性指标(C反应蛋白)等。同时监测血、尿、大便常规、肝、肾功能等安全性指标。并与30例补阳还五汤对照组作比较研究。
结果:
1.理论研究结果
根据导师学术思想,认为2型糖尿病并脑梗塞是在2型糖尿病的基础上发展而来,脾气亏虚是2型糖尿病的主要病机,气虚日久瘀血内阻于络脉,瘀久化热生毒,毒损脑络,出现糖尿病并脑梗塞。所以气虚血瘀是2型糖尿病并脑梗塞的基本病机,毒损脑络是其病机关键。本着标本同治的原则,以“络脉”和“毒邪”为重点,以清热解毒,益气活血为治法。临床应用强调清热解毒,活血通络;培补元气,调理气血;虫类走窜,搜邪剔络等方药的应用;尤其重视药物归经入脑、兼顾标本两病的药物作用和清热解毒药的层次性选择问题。
2.临床研究结果
经益消复瘫汤治疗8周后,患者的中医证候积分较治疗前明显下降,半身不遂、肢体麻木、口干、多饮、多尿、气短、乏力、自汗改善最为明显(P<0.01),口舌歪斜积分也有下降(P<0.05)。神经功能缺损水平,认知功能障碍水平,日常生活活动能力等各项检测指标明显改善(P<0.01),综合生活质量明显改善(P<0.01)。血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白及胰岛素敏感性明显改善,血糖、糖化血红蛋白较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),胰岛素敏感指数升高(P<0.05);血液粘度较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01);降低血脂水平,以TC最明显,治疗后血脂水平明显下降(P<0.01),LDL也有下降(P<0.05)。血管内皮功能得到明显改善,血浆ET水平明显降低(P<0.01),NO水平明显上调(P<0.01)。降低C反应蛋白水平,治疗前后有显著性差异(P<0.01)。统计表明,治疗组在改善中医证候、神经功能缺损、改善认知功能、日常生活能力、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛功能、血流变、血脂、内皮功能、清除血清炎性标记物等各项指标方面均优于补阳还五汤对照组,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
结论:经益消复瘫汤治疗8周后,2型糖尿病并脑梗塞患者从临床症状到各项化验指标都有明显改善,具体表现在:减轻和改善神经系统和内分泌系统的临床症状和体征;改善血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛功能、血液流变学状态及血脂水平;保护血管内皮细胞功能;减轻炎症反应。统计表明,治疗组各项指标改善情况均优于补阳还五汤组,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。表明益消复瘫汤具有确切的糖尿病及脑血管治疗保护作用。本研究证实,气虚血瘀、毒损脑络是2型糖尿病并脑梗塞的主要病机,清热解毒、益气活血通络是2型糖尿病并脑梗塞的重要治法。益消复瘫汤具有显著的临床疗效,是治疗2型糖尿病并脑梗塞的有效复方。
Objective:Study the pathology mechanism and treatment method of type 2 diabetic cerebral infarction (DCI). Make the hypothesis, that main pathology mechanism of DCI is“deficiency, blood stasis and toxicant”, in other words,“qi deficiency and blood stasis-stasis heat reducing toxicant-toxicant damaging brain collaterals”,“toxicant damaging brain collaterals”is the key of pathogenesis. The treatment methods of clearing away heat and toxic materials and supplementing qi and activating blood circulation maybe a valid therapy for improving the finality of DCI ;To observe the clinical curative effects of Chinese traditional medicine compound, Yi-xiao-fu-tan decoction, on treatment of type 2 diabetic cerebral infarction. To inquire into its biology mechanisms onintervention and treatment of DCI, provide new theoretical basis and valid prescription on prevention and treatment of DCI with traditional Chinese medicine.
Methods: 1. Methods of theory study: We studied the pathology mechanism of type 2 diabetic cerebral infarction (DCI) with document and logical analysis methods; 2. Methods of clinical study: 30 cases with type 2 diabetic cerebral infarction were taken as objects, and treatmeant with chinses medicine Yi-xiao-fu-tan decoction. The whole course of treatment group was 8 weeks. By means of comparative the curative effect for patients before and after therapy between treatment group and control group which treated with Bu-yang-huan-wu decoction, the observations on effects were made. The indexes of curative effects included: clinical symptoms integrals; nervus dysfunctions system (NIHSS), cognitive function (MMSE), viability (Barthel), quality of life index(QLI), blood glucose, Glycosylated Hemoglobin A-1c(HbA1c), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) ,blood-lipid (TC, TG, LDL, HDL), blood rheologp (whool blood riscosity, plasmic riscosity, fibrinogen), the functions of endothelial cell (ET, NO), serum inflammatory index (c-reactive protein,CRP),etc. The safety evalutions were monitored surveillanced at the same time, which included:
Blood routine examination, routine uronoscopy, fecal routine examination, liver and renal functions and so on.
Results:
1. Results of Theory Study
According to tutor’s academic thoughts, we think that type 2 diabetic cerebral infarction is developed from basis of T2DM, spleen qi deficiency is the main pathogenesis of T2DM, prolonged qi deficiency leads to blood stasis blocking collaterals, heat caused by prolonged stasis reduces toxicant, toxicant damages brain collaterals, so DCI appears. Therefore, qi deficiency and blood stasis are T2DM’s basic pathogenesis, toxicant damaging brain collaterals is the key of pathogenesis. In accordance with the principles of treating both the incidental and fundamental aspects, putting emphasis on“collaterals”and“Poison-evil”, the treatment methods are clearing away heat and toxic materials Supplement qi and activate blood circulation. Clinical application strengthens clearing away heat and toxic materials, Promoting blood circulation to remove obstruction in the collaterals; surpplyment vitality, regulate qi and blood; employment drugs of parasitosis that could go to everywhere in one’s body, expelling pathogenic factor and removing obstruction in the channels, and so on. Especially, we consider the selecting of the drugs which to guide channel tropism to brain, give consideration to drug targeting function of both the incidental and fundamental aspects, and stratified choice of herbals with functions of clearing heat and removing toxic materials.
2.Results of Clinical Study
After 8 weeks, the scores of patients’symptoms declined, the distinctly improvement symptoms were hemiplegia, numbess, thirst, polydipsia, polyuria, asthenia, shortness of breath ,and spontaneous perspiration (P<0.01), the scores of facial hemiparalysis lowered shorterly (P<0.05). The indexes of NIHSS, MMSE, viability and QLI were all quite obviously improved (P<0.01). The blood glucose, HbA1c and ISI were clearly improved. Blood glucose and HbA1c were more lower than before treatment (P<0.01), ISI was increased(P<0.01); The whole and plasmic viscosity and blood lipid declined much than befor treatment (P<0.01). The level of ET was lowered(P<0.01) and of NO was rised(P<0.01), moreover, the amount of c-reactive protein was declined obviously (P<0.01). The outcomes of statistic showed that, the indexes above of Yi-xiao-fu-tan decoction were better than that of the group of Bu-yang-huan-wu decoction (P<0.05).
Conclusions: After 8 weeks treatment on T2DCI with Yi-xiao-fu-tan decoction, patients’clinical symptoms and various laboratory findings were improved obviously. The concrete expressions are as such: clinical symptoms and physical signs of nervous system and endocrine system were decreased and improved; Blood glucose, HbA1c, islet function, blood rheology and blood-lipid were improved; the functions of endothelial cell were protected; serum inflammatory index was decreased. Statistics show that all indexes improved in treatment group were superior to ones in control group, The significance of difference is obvious(P<0.05).It is indicated that Yi-xiao-fu-tan decoction has exact functions of treatment and protection on diabetes and cerebrovascular disease. This research proved qi deficiency and blood stasis and toxicant damaging brain collaterals was main pathogenesis of T2DCI, clearing away heat and toxic materials Supplement qi and activate blood circulation to remove obstruction in the channels was important treatment methods. Yi-xiao-fu-tan decoction has obviously clinical curative effects, it is an effective compound herbal recipe on treatment T2DCI.
引文
[1] Zimmet P,Alberti KC,Shaw J,et al.Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic[J].Nature,2001,414:782-787.
[2] Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, Pyorala K, et al. Predictors of stroke in middle-aged patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes[J].Stroke,1996,27(1):63-68.
[3] Biller J, Love BB. Diabetes and stroke [J]. Med Clinics North Am.1993,77:95-110.
[4]钟学礼主编.临床糖尿病学·糖尿病性脑血管病[M].上海科技出版社,1989,235-239.
[5]赵福康.老年人糖尿病合并急性脑血管病23例临床分析[J].中华老年医学杂志,1998,7:171-173.
[6] Jorgensen H,et al.Stroke in patients with diabetes.The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Stroke.1994,25:1977-1984.
[7] Salah-Eddine Megherbi et al, Association Between Diabetes and Stroke Subtype on Survival and Functional Outcome 3 Months After Stroke[J]. Stroke. 2003, 34: 688- 694.
[8] Hamidon BB,Raymond AA.The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on In-hospital Stroke Mortality.J Postgrad Med,2003,49:307-310.
[9]龟山正邦,伏见尚子.糖尿病と脑血管障害.循环科学,1991,11:766.
[10] Mast H,Thompson JLP,Lee SH,et al.Hypertension and diabetes mellitus as determin- ants of multiple lacunar infarcts.Stroke,1995,26:30-33.
[11] Bogousslavsky J,Regli F.Centrum ovale infarcts:subcortical infarction in thesuper- ficial territory of the middle cereoral artery. Neurology, 1992,42:1992.
[12]朱禧星主编.现代糖尿病学(第1版)[M].上海:上海医科大学大学出版社,2000 5,337-338.
[13]朱本章,谈一飞,白晓宁,等.NIDDM合并多发性腔隙梗塞9例分析.中华内分泌代谢杂志,1992,8:173.
[14] Haffner SM, D Agostino R,Mykkanen L.Insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes Care,1999,22:562-568.
[15] BeckmanJA, CreagerMA, Libby P.Diabetes atherosclerosis:epide-miology, Pathphysi- ology and management.JAMA,2002,287:2570-2581.
[16] Kernan WN, Lnzuchi SE, Viscoli CM,et al.Insulin resistance and risk for stroke. Neurology 2002, 59:809-85.
[17] Fujisawa T,Ikegami H,et al.Angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism is associated with myocardial infarction,but not with retinopathy or nephropathy,in NIDDNM[J]. Diabetes Care.1995,18:983.
[18] Lyon C, Law R,Hsueh W.Adiposity,inflammation,and atherogenesis[J]. Endocrinology, 2003, 144:2195-2200.
[19]钟国隆.生理学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1993,3:115-116.
[20]张延群.2080例糖尿病患者征候与并发症相关性流行病学调查报告[J].上海中医药杂志,2000,(1):23.
[21]于青云.糖尿病证群调查及证型研究[J].山东中医药大学学报,2001,25(3): 185-188.
[22]祝谌予.糖尿病证治[J].中医杂志1986,(6):19
[23]钱秋海.糖尿病病机探讨与治疗回顾[J].山东中医学院学报1988,(4):66.
[24]张尚臣.脾胃升降失常与消渴病的关系[J].河南中医1984,(5):26.
[25]蓝青强.脾胃与糖尿病的关系[J].陕西中医1987,(10):454.
[26]杜廷海.吕靖中教授辨证治疗无症状性糖尿病经验[J].新中医,2001,33(7):11-12.
[27]汪健.糖尿病求因论治3例[J].安徽中医临床杂志,2000,12(5):430-431.
[28]冯晓东.健脾法治疗2型糖尿病78例体会[J].河南中医药学刊,2002,17(5):24.
[29]马哲明.健脾益气养阴法治疗糖尿病53例[J].江苏中医药,2004,25(6):33.
[30]高贤均.中医脾胃学说与胃-肠-胰内分泌系统关系初探[J].中西医结合杂志,1984,4(4):186-188.
[31]袁浩龙.精神障碍与胃肠疾病关系的研究进展[J].国外医学·精神病学分册. 1997,24(3):137.
[32]钱会南,王洪图,齐治家,等.调理脾胃复方对PTZ点燃大鼠神经肽含量的作用[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,1998,4(4):24.
[33]王彩霞.李德新,姜哲浩,等.理脾阴正方提高Alzheimer痴呆模型动物学习记忆能力的机理探讨[J].辽宁中医杂志,2002,29(4):242.
[34]刘彦珠.中医脏腑学说与高脂血症[J].北京中医药大学学报.1996,19(16):16.
[35]刘桂荣等.对高脂血症几个问题的探讨[J].山东中医药大学学报.2001,25(5):330.
[36]马建伟.脾气虚证与血清锌铜镁关系探讨[J].中西医结合脾胃杂志.1993,12 (2):26.
[37]何邦平.微量元素与中风.中风与神经疾病杂志.1992,9(1):60.
[38] Brad WC,et al.Tiny deal chemical element and nerve disease[J]. Nutr. 1982, 112:928.
[39] Lei KY,et al.The afferent disease relation of tiny deal chemical element and brain studies [J].Nutr.1978,108:232
[40]王春霞.微量元素与缺血性脑血管病患者相互关系探讨[J].脑与神经疾病杂志.1995,3(4):221
[41]贾钰华,许俊杰.脾虚证的微循环和血液流变学同步观察[J].中医药研究, 1991,(6):55.
[42]马宗林,包力.脾虚证外周微循环对比观察[J].辽宁中医杂志,1995,(10):437.
[43]郑小伟.中医实验动物方法学[M].上海:上海中医药大学出版社,1999.
[44]李冰星.虚症临床脉象浅析[J].浙江中医杂志, 1991,26(3)∶1 26-129.
[45]贾钰华.脾虚证的外周微循环障碍初探[J].辽宁中医志,1991,18(2):16-18
[46]黄贤梓.脾虚证患者血循环特征的初步研究[J].甘肃中医,1992;5(4):3-4
[47]王振义,李家增,阮长耿,等主编.血栓与止血基础理论与临床[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996年第3版.
[48]陈可冀.血瘀证与活血化瘀研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990,382.
[49]陈开地,宋振先.200例糖尿病患者甲皱微循环观察[J].临床与实验杂志,1994,2(2):84.
[50]蔡绍华,谌剑飞.糖尿病缺血性中风中医证型与血高凝状态的关系[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2000,7(3):171.
[51]常富业,王永炎.中风病毒邪论[J].北京中医药大学学报,2004,27(1):3-6.
[52]李澎涛,潘彦舒,黄启福,等.解毒通络方对脑缺血损伤海马区突触可塑性的影响[J].解剖科学展,2002,8(2):106-108.
[53]吴敦序.中医基础理论[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995,第6版:82-143.
[54]姜良铎,陈文生.从毒论治初探[J].北京中医药大学学报,1998,1(5):2-3.
[55]魏江磊.中风热毒论[J].北京中医药大学学报,2003,26(1):7-11.
[56]雷燕,王永炎,黄启福.络病理论探微[J].北京中医药大学学报,1998,21(2):18-23.
[57]李岩,赵雁,黄启福等.中医络病的现代认识[J].北京中医药大学学报,2002, 25(3):1-4
[58]吴以岭.气络-NEI网络相关性探析[J].中医杂志,2005,46(10):723-726.
[59]王永炎,杨宝琴,黄启福.络脉络病与病络[J].北京中医药大学学报,2003,26 (4):1-2.
[60]王永炎,常富业,杨宝琴.络脉络病与病络[J].北京中医药大学学报,2003,26 (4):1-2.
[61]陈以国.络脉与微循环的再认识[J].中医函授通讯,1998,17(4):35-36.
[52]李澎涛.毒损脑络病机假说形成及其理论与实践意义[J].北京中医药大学学报.2001,24(1):1-6.
[63]廖维靖.脑缺血损伤的病理生理机制一损伤级联反应[J].国外医学·脑血管疾病分册.1998,6(4):197-202.
[64]邓文龙.中医解毒法实质及内毒素性疾病的中医药防治[J].中药药理与临床. 1993,8(4):40.
[65]雷燕.络病理论探微[J].北京中医药大学学报,l998,2l(2):18-23.
[66] Myers RE,Yamaguchi S. Neurous system effects Of Cardic arrest in monkey [J].Arch Neurol,1997,34:65.
[67]王新德.神经病学-神经系统脑血管性疾病[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2000, 32-33.
[68]刘建容,胡大萌,赵瑜,等.高血糖对大鼠局灶性脑缺血细胞外钙离子的影响[J].上海第二医科大学学报,1997,(3):201-202.
[69] Bederson JB,Pitts LH,Tsuji M, et al. Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion:evaluation of the model and development of a neurologic examination[J].Stroke,1986,17:472.
[70] Siemkouicz E, Hansen Al, Brain extracellular ion composition and EEG activity following 10 minutes ischemia in normol and hyperglycemic rats [J].Stroke, 1981, 12:236.
[71]郭玉璞,包义军.葡萄糖对大鼠局灶性脑缺血影响的组织病理研究[J].中风与神经疾病杂志,1991,8(1):7.
[72]南海荣,王德全.非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病脑血管病变危险因素的研究现状[J].国外医学脑血管疾病分册,2000,(1):18-19.
[73]史洪润,杨玉庆,孟昭水,等.高血糖时红细胞聚集与急性脑梗塞关系的研究[J].中风与神经疾病杂志,1997,8(1):7.
[74]傅景华.古代验方大全[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,1990,423.
[75]王坤山,王慧艳.糖尿病良方1500首[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1997.1,174.
[76]敦教礼,陈竹林.糖尿病从毒论治初探[J].新疆中医药,1992,(2):9-12.
[77]周旭生,曹红,郑玉.通窍泄毒法治疗糖尿病的临床研究[J].中国中医药科技,1995,2(4):16-17.
[78]宋德林,宋福印,何玉信,等.降糖解毒胶囊治疗2型糖尿病60例[J].中医药学报,1996,(1):23.
[79]陈长青.消渴病(糖尿病)病机探讨[J].中医药研究,1997,(5):4-6.
[80]南征.益肾解毒通络保肾法治疗消渴肾病的临床与实验研究[N].消渴病全国第四届论文集,2003.
[81]彭世桥,柴英勤,吕长青.加味黄连解毒汤治疗脑梗塞[J].浙江中医杂志,1991, 26(12):40.
[82]姜祟智,柳玉美.黄连解毒汤加味治疗缺血性中风120例[J].中医杂志,1994,35 (10):608.
[83]鲍益铭.黄连解毒汤加味治疗脑血管意外45例[J].陕西中医.1996,17(19):388.
[84]温跃才.加味黄连解毒汤治疗脑梗塞100例[J].吉林中医药,1998(1):26.
[85]张建平.黄连解毒汤为主治疗急性脑血管病50例[J].实用中医药杂志1998,14 (9):10.
[86]长谷川恒雄.脑血管障碍的汉方治疗[J].国外医学.中医中药分册.1991,13 (5):7.
[87]蒋玉风,黄启福,周丽琰,等.清开灵注射液治疗SHRsp出血性中风病的研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,1997,20(2):34.
[88]白丽敏.清开灵注射液对实验性脑出血大鼠脑内P物质的影响[J].北京中医药大学学报,1996,19(6):68.
[89]彭胜权.温病学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社.2000,1091.
[90]刘道安.清热解毒方药具神经细胞保护作用[J].中国中医药报,1999.
[91]彭胜权,刘仕昌.学术经验集[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社.1996,23.
[92]陈庆明.醒脑静注射液的药理基础与临床应用[J].中西医结合临床急救,1999,6(4):191.
[93]雷载权.中药学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995,19.
[94]郑筱萸主编.中药新药临床研究指导原则[M].中国医药科技出版社,北京, 2002年5月,第一版.
[95]钱荣立摘译.关于糖尿病的新诊断标准与分型(WHO)专家咨询报告:糖尿病的定义、诊断、分型与糖尿病并发症)[J].中国糖尿病杂志,2000,8(1):5-6.
[96]中华医学会神经科学会·各类脑血管疾病的诊断要点,1995年中华全国脑血管病学术会议制定[J].中华神经科杂志,1996,29(6):379.
[97]李光伟,潘孝仁,Stephen Lillioja.检测人群胰岛素敏感性的一项新指数[J].中华内科杂志,1993,32(10):656-660.
[98] Rhodes C.Type 2 Diabetes-a matter ofβ-cell life and death?[J].Science, 2005, 307: 380-384.
[99] Libby P. Ridker PM. Maseri A, et al. Inflammation and atherosclerosis [J]. Circulation. 2002,105(9):1135-1143.
[100] Peter J Bamees,Michael Karin.Nuclear factor-kB-a pivotal transcri -ption factor in chronic inflammatory diseases[J].N Engl J Med, 1997, 336(15):1066-1071.
[101] Dandona, P. Aljada, A. Mohanty, P, et al. Insulin inhibits intranuclear nuclear factor kappaB and stimulates Ikappa B in mononuclear cells in obese subjects:evidence for an anti-inflammatory effect? [J].J Clin Endocrinal Metab, 2001, 86(7): 3257- 3265.
[102] Danenberg HD,Kantak N,Grad E,et al.C-reactive protein promotes monocyte-platelet aggregation:an additional link to the inflammatory- thrombotic intricacy [J].Eur J Haematol.2007,78(3):246-252.
[103]龙敏,严钟德.C-反应蛋白和糖尿病[J].国外医学内分泌学分册,2002,22(2): 75-77.
[104] Kvasnicka J,Skrha J,Perusicova J,et al.Haemostasis,cytoadhesive molecules (sE- selectin and sICAM-1) and inflammatory markers in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)[J].Sb Lek,1998,99(2):97 -101.
[105]陈莉明.糖尿病心血管病变的研究现状[J].国外医学内分泌学分册,2003,23(1):59-61.
[106] Ross R. Aaherosclerosis--An inflammatory disease [J].N Eng J Med, 1999, 340(2): 115-126.
[107] Libby P, Schoenbeck U, Mach F. Current concepts in cardiolvascular pathology:the role of LDL cholesterol in plaque tupture and stabili- zation[J].Is J Medicine, 1998, 104:145-185.
[108] Fuster V/Human lesion studies [J]. Am N Y Acad Sci, 1997, 811:207-209.
[109] Libby P.Atheroma:more than mush [J].Lancet,1996,348:54-56.
[110] Lafont A, Libby p.Thesmooth muscle cell: Sinner or saint in restenosis and the acute coronary syndromes[J].JACC,1998,32:283-285.
[111] Kristensen SD,Ravn HB, Falk E. Insights into the pathophysiology of unstable coronary artery disease[J].Am J Cardiol,1997,80:5-9.
[112]周冀英,谢鹏,董为伟.对动脉粥样硬化斑块的新认识[J].中华老年心脑血管病杂志2000,2(3):211-213
[113]文川,徐浩,黄启福,等.几种活血中药对ApoE缺陷小鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响[J].中国病理生理杂志,2005;21(5):864-867.
[114]左芳,赵玉霞.通心络胶囊对动脉粥样硬化斑块影响的临床研究[J].中西医结合心脑血管病杂志,2005;3(3):200-202.
[115]黑子清,吴伟康,黄河清,等.四逆汤对兔实验性动脉粥样硬化斑块形成及血脂的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2003,9(2):27-29.
[116]江苏新医学院编.中药大辞典[M].上海人民出版社,1977:1695-1696.
[117]谢宗万,佘友芩.全国中草药名鉴[M].人民卫生出版社,2000:538.
[118]黄泰康,丁志遵.现代本草纲目[M].中国医药科技出版社,2001:1999–2001.
[119]田代华编.实用中药辞典[M].人民卫生出版社,2002:1426-1429.
[120]常章富,帕提曼·瞿马洪.中国卫矛科药用植物性能的初步整理[J].中国中医药信息杂志,1996,3(2):2936.
[121]马卓.地龙的化学及药理研究概况[J].湖北中医杂志,1991,13(2):44.
[122]江苏新医学院.中药大词典(上册)[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1975,289-291.
[123]李先荣,康永,程霞,等.注射用黄芪多糖药理作用的研究-3.对血糖及肝糖原含量的影响[J].中成药,1989;11(9):32.
[124]李陈莉.黄芪对小鼠血糖水平的影响[J].河北医学院学报,1993,14(3): 143-144.
[125]黄春玲,吕玉萍.黄芪辅助治疗2型糖尿病对胰岛素抵抗的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2003,23(10):779-780.
[126]杨凌辉,邹大进,冯正康,等.黄芪改善高脂饲养大鼠胰岛素敏感性的机制研究[J].第二军医大学学报,2004,25(4):407-409.
[127]鲁瑾,邹大进,张家庆.黄芪预防肿瘤坏死因子-α所致胰岛素抵抗[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1999,19(7):420-422.
[128]刘星阶.黄芪成分和药理活性研究进展[J].上海医药,1995,2:14.
[129]骆和生,罗鼎辉.免疫中药学[M].北京:北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版,1999,262.
[130]陈春富.黄芪防治缺血性脑卒中的研究进展[J].河北医学,1995,1(4):226.
[131]陈春富,郭述苏,王红梅.黄芪对脑缺血再灌流损伤保护作用的实验研究[J].河北中医药学报,1999,14(3):l.
[132]周苏宁,邵伟,张文高,等.黄芪和川芎嗪注射液配伍防治心肌缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2001,8(4):233
[133]张斌,雄鹰.黄芪对大鼠急性脑缺血后神经元凋亡的影响[J].中国临床康复.2004,8(31)
[134]梁亚明,舒昌达,何军.黄芪和杜仲对链脲霉素糖尿病模型小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能减损的影响[J].重庆医科大学学报,1992,17(1):11.
[135]陈香美,朱宁,中内启光.雷卫藤、黄芪对MRL/1pr小鼠淋巴细胞表面标志及细胞因子的影响[J].中华微生物和免疫学杂志,1991;11(6):387.
[136]董晓慧,房益兰,李为,等.香菊流浸膏等中药抗自由基作用的研究[J].西安医科大学学报,1993,14(4):350.
[137]汪德清,沈文梅,田亚平,等.黄芪总黄酮对羟自由基所致哺乳动物细胞损伤的保护作用[J].中国中药杂志,1995;20(4):240.
[138]郭兆贵,许树梧,贾宏均,等.黄芪的外周扩血管作用及与γ—氨酪酸的比较[J].中医杂志,1980;21(5):393.
[139]雷春利,陈羽,吕文纬,等.黄芪总皂甙对犬急性心肌梗塞缺血面积、心外膜电图、心肌酶的影响[J].白求恩医科大学学报,1995;21(2):111.
[140]钟国赣,孙晓霞,李云义,等.黄芪皂甙对离体工作心脏的强心作用[J].白求恩医科大学学报,1994;20(5):448.
[141]陈科.卫矛科植物鬼箭羽中的甾体成分[J].中草药.1983,14(9):1.
[142] Kiohko Y:Tohuku J Exp Med,1968,96:127.
[143]郎素梅,朱丹妮.中药鬼箭羽降糖有效部位的药效学和化学研究[J].中国药科大学学报,2003,34(2):128-131.
[144]夏卫军,程海波,张莉.鬼箭羽治疗2型糖尿病实验研究[J].陕西中医,2001, 22(8):505-507.
[145]哈尔滨医科大学药理教研组.卫矛药理作用的初步研究[J].新医药学杂志,1977,(4):28.
[146]张为式.卫矛对小鼠心肌摄取131铯的影响[J].药学通报,1981,16(7):3-4.
[147]夏卫军,程海滨.鬼箭羽治疗2型糖尿病实验研究[J].陕西中医,2001,22(8): 505-507.
[148]齐昉,刘根尚.鬼箭羽对实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖及血脂的影响[J].中国中医药信息杂志,1998,5(7):19-20.
[149]张为式,李亦秀,崔英梅,等.卫矛药理作用的初步研究[J].哈尔滨医科大学学报,1980,14(4):25-27.
[150]尚文斌等,鬼箭羽对糖尿病小鼠血糖及全血粘度的影响[J].南京中医药大学学报(自然科学版),2000,16 (3):166-167.
[151]王宇森.糖尿病性微血管病变与血液流变性[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志,1991,7(l): 36.
[152] Pickup J,Williams G,et a1. Textbook of diabetes.eds.In:Giardino I, Brownlee M. eds. microvascular function and haemodynamic disturbances in diabetes mellitus and its complications.eds[J].Blackwell of science LTD.1997,43,1.
[153]翁维良,房书亭,等.临床中药学[M].湖南科学技术出版社,1998:927.
[154] ChaBY,ParkCJ,et al. Inhibitory effect of methanol extract of Euonymus alatus on ma-trix metalloproteinase-9[J].J Ethnopharmacol 2003,85(1):163-167.
[155]杨锦南,李彩莲,等.二乙酰二脱水卫矛醇抗瘤作用的实验研究[J].2002,19 (3):178-183.
[156] Eagan RT, Amess MM, et a1.Clinical and pharmacologic evaluation of split-dose inter-mitert therapy[J].Cancer Treat Rep,1982,66(2):283-289.
[157] SchabelFM, SkipperHE, et al. Establishment of cross-resistance profiles for new agents[J].Cancer Treat Rep.1983,67(10):905-922.
[158] Chabel FM,Trader MW,et al. Datterns of resistance and therapeutic synergism among alkyating agents[J].Antibiot Chemother.1978,23:200 -215.
[159]梁东良,李平法.二乙酰二脱水卫矛醇对小鼠白血L1210细胞增殖的影响[J].热带医学杂志,2002,2(2):150-156.
[160] EllingerH,KarasuyamaH,et al. S te20-like kinase,a regulatiory kinase for polo-like ki-nase(Plk)during the G 2/M transition in somatic cells [J].Genes Cel1s. 2000, 5(6): 491-498.
[161] TaylorWR,DeprimoSE,et al.Mechanisms of G2 arrest in response to overexpre-ssion of p53[J].Mo1 Biol Ce11,1999;10(11):3607-3602.
[162]廖小梅.二去水卫茅醇对慢粒骨髓细胞姐妹染色单体互换的影响[J].四川医学,1985,6(1):7.
[163]黄德斌.鬼箭羽70%醇提取物对速发型和迟发型变态反应抑制作用的实验研究[J].中国药理学通报,2003,19(6):686-688.
[164] Kubo M, Matsuda H, Tokwoka K et al. Anti inflammatory activities of methanolic extract and alkaloidal components from corydalis tuber[J]. Biol Pharm Bu11, 1994; 17(2):262-265.
[165] Meade R, Askenase PW, Geba GP et al. Tranforming growth factor-β1 inhibits murine immediate and delayed type hypersensitivity [J]. Immunol,1992,149(2): 521-528.
[166]陈慰峰主编.医学免疫学(第3版)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000:206.
[167]潘浩,胡秀慧.水蛭防治微血管吻合口血栓形成的实验研究[J].中国中医骨伤科,1999,7(3):1.
[168]谭毓治,徐彭,张孝友,等.去头水蛭醇提物抗血栓作用的研究[J].中国中药杂志,1999,24(10):622.
[169]朱智明,刘伊丽,万华印,等.血小板膜GPⅡb/Ⅲa单抗及水蛭素对损伤动脉内膜血小板沉积量的影响[J].心肺血管病杂志,1998,17(1):39.
[170]王晓明,李亚珍,邱智东,等.水蛭注射液对大鼠血小板聚集和血栓形成的影响[J].中成药,1998,20(4):27.
[171]刘晓颖,李凤文.水蛭对实验性动脉粥样硬化家兔血管内皮功能障碍的影响[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,1998,4(3):15.
[172]曹翠丽,马常升,马文领,等.中药水蛭对缺血/再灌注后脑细胞的抗凋亡作用[J].河北医科大学学报,2000,21(4):193.
[173]王洋,王善政,何伟.中药水蛭对肺缺血再灌注后细胞的抗凋亡作用[J].山东中医药大学学报,2001,25(2):139.
[174]陈怡和,夏玉叶,盛雨晨.中风康对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后再灌注损伤的影响[J].中成药,2001,23(10):742-744.
[175]宫晔,陈街城,鲍伟民.脑出血后脑组织水、离子变化及水蛭素的作用[J].上海医科大学学报,2000,27(2):105.
[176]陈贵海,李孟峰,赵广碧,等.水蛭对脑出血大鼠血T3、T4、PRL、GH、CS的影响[J].中国急救医学,1998,18(5):11.
[177]陈贵海,吴强,尹世杰,等.水蛭对脑出血治疗作用的实验研究[J].中国危重病急救医学,1998,10(6):329.
[178]陈建明,强世平.水蛭桃仁汤抗肝纤维化的研究[J].武汉冶金科技大学学报,1998,21(3):356.
[179]郑燕林,王毅,蒋纪恺,等.增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的免疫组化研究及水蛭素的影响[J].眼科,2000,9(2):110.
[180]郑燕林,王毅.水蛭素对增生性玻璃体视网膜病变影响的组织病理学观察[J].中国中医眼科,2000,10(1):26.
[181]袁晓辉,王万杰,郑燕林.水蛭素预防眼内增生性病变的初步观察[J].眼科新进展,2000,20(4):56.
[182]余昭群,熊良钟,吴祖泽.水蛭中氨基酸成分与人白介素26伍用对60Co2.照射小白鼠造血功能的影响[J].中成药,1999,21(4):189.
[183]陈香美,傅博,叶一舟,等.凝血酶介导肾小球系膜细胞细胞间粘附分子1表达上调及水蛭素的阻断作用[J].中华肾脏病杂志,1998,14(4):211.
[184]陈香美,徐启河,张颖,等.重组水蛭素延缓部分肾切除大鼠慢性肾损伤的初步研究[J].中华内科杂志,1998,37(12):838.
[185]王一芳,宫丽丽.凝血酶对丘脑组织血脑屏障及水电解质含量的影响[J].南京医科大学学报,2000,20(2):128.
[186]张涛.水蛭和丹参对血管成形术后平滑肌细胞增殖影响的实验研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1998,3:85.
[187]黄德胜,陈之灿.微循环障碍型缺血性心脏病[J].中国微循环杂志,1997,1 (1):80.
[188]金利容,徐桂芝,等.脑梗死的凝血纤溶状态和蚓激酶的作用[J].中国新药与临床杂志,1999,18(1):48.
[189]徐宗佩,王益明,张吉正,等.地龙提取物对健康小鼠红细胞变形性的影响[J].天津中医,2000,17(3):37.
[190]丁文明,李春兰,丁伟,等.蚓激酶对老年冠性病血液流变异常及甲微循环障碍的近期疗效[J].中国微循环,1999,3(3):159.
[191]李淑兰,谢桂芹,曲竟南,等.地龙降压作用的研究[J].中医药信息,1995,3:11.
[192]耿秀芳,李桂芹,刘佃全,等.地龙低温水对ACE活性影响[J].中医药信息,1997,6:38.
[193]张凤春,陈云峰,苏颜珍,等.地龙对巨噬细胞免疫活性的增强作用[J].中国药学杂志,1998,33(9):531.
[194]张凤春,陈云峰,苏颜珍,等.地龙对新西兰大白鼠背部创伤愈合作用的机制研究[J].中国药学杂志,1999,34(1):93.
[195]王沛,李东冰,赵雅茹,等.地龙组分溶液促进痔术后创面愈合的临床研究[J].中国肛肠病杂志,1999,19(11):3.
[196]张凤春,陈云峰,苏颜珍,等.地龙促进大白兔背部创伤伤口收缩的实验研究[J].中国中药杂志,1998,23(9):560-561.
[197]陈斌艳,张雷,王竟,等.地龙粉针对大鼠小鼠与兔的解热镇痛作用[J].上海医科大学学报,1996,13(3):115.
[198]沈谦受.地龙对实验性心律失常作用的研究[J].湖南医药杂志,1982,(6):68-701.
[199]苏云明,赵雪瑛,宋春燕,等.通脑舒心液药理作用研究[J].中成药,1997,19(5):29-301.
[200]郭宝珠,王惠云,等.蚯蚓提取物体外杀精及抗阴道毛滴虫作用的实验研究[J].中医药信息,1997,(13):39.
[201]张绍章,田琼,李予蓉等.蚯蚓提取物对小鼠脾脏抗体形成细胞的影响[J].第四军医大学学报,1993,14(5):350.
[201]孙淑芬,莫简,郭正仁,等.蚯蚓提取物对血卟啉-激光抗癌的增敏作用及其机理[J].第四军医大学学报,1991,12(3):141.
[203]韩苇,王克为,张发科.蚯蚓提取物透析组分对MGC803胃癌细胞DNA合成的抑制作用[J].第四军医大学学报,1991,12(4):302.
[204]黎莉,甘明,黎祥胜,等.地龙类药材药理作用比较[J].中药材,1997,20(7):361-363.
[205]孙前林.地龙能通乳[J].浙江中医杂志,1995,30(12):562.
[206]林承木,郑幼兰.马齿苋降血糖作用的研究[J].福建医药杂志,1995,17(4):85-86.
[207]夏天,章梅,王宗仁,等.野生马齿苋对老年人高血脂症患者血脂含量及红细胞流变性的影响[J].第一军医大学学报,1999,19(4)增刊:206-207.
[208]沈岚,陆付耳.马齿苋对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响[J].中国医院药学杂志2005,25(4):293-295.
[209] Storlien L H,J enkins AB, Chisholm DJ, et al . Influence of dietary fat composition on development of insulin resistance in rats[J].Diabetes 1991,40:280-289.
[210]曲淑岩.马齿苋的药理及其临床应用[J].吉林中医药,1985,32(3):28-29.
[211]马慕英.马齿苋抑菌作用的探讨[J].食品科学,1992,12(1):36-38.
[212]于军,徐丽华,王云等.射干和马齿苋对46株绿脓杆菌体外抑菌实验的研究[J].白求恩医科大学学报,2001,27(2):130-131.
[213]贺圣文,贺圣光,赵仁宏,等.野生马齿苋对家兔机体血脂及脂质过氧化作用的影响[J].中国公共卫生,1997,13(3):157-158.
[214]曾小玲.马齿苋水提物对氧自由基清除作用的研究[J].湖南医科大学学报, 1999,24(2):133-135.
[215] Simopoulos A P.Purslane:A terrest rial source of omega-3 fatty acids[J]. New Engl J Med, 1986,315(13):833.
[216]周阳,张冬惠.马齿苋与w-3多价不饱和脂肪酸[J].国外医药.植物药分册,1995,10(6):247-250.
[217]贺圣文,刘同美,赵仁宏,等.马齿苋对家兔体内抗氧化能力的影响[J].中草药,1997,28(5):284-285.
[218]鞠兴荣,施洪飞.马齿苋抗氧化作用实验研究[J].山东中医药大学学报,2000,24(6):466-467.
[219]贺圣文,尤敏,苗乃法,等.野生马齿苋对家兔淋巴细胞PHA诱导下增殖的影响[J].潍坊医学院学报,1996,18(3):206-207.
[220]崔文,尹苗,安利国,等.马齿苋多糖的抗肿瘤活性[J].山东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,17(1):73-76.
[221]曲淑岩.马齿苋的药理及其临床应用[J].吉林中医药,1985,32(3):28-29.
[222]李守柔,黄观祥,吕忠智,等.马齿苋子宫收缩作用的分离提取[J].中草药通讯,1997,10(6):9210.
[223]倪艳霞,刘安强,高云峰,等.黄连素治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病60例疗效观察及实验研究[J].中西医结合杂志,1998,8(12):711.
[224]陈其明,谢明智.黄连及小檗碱降血糖的研究[J].药学学报1986,21(6):401.
[225]高从容,张家庆,黄庆玲.黄连素增加胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型胰岛素敏感性的实验研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1997,17(3):162.
[226]陆灏,叶伟成,丁学屏.黄连素对实验大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响[J].辽宁中医学院学报,2002,4(4):259-260.
[227]冯栓林,刘顺兴,冯清燕,等.盐酸小檗碱与小剂量阿司匹林防治缺血性中风的临床与实验对比研究[J].中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志,1996,3(4):224.
[228]吴俊芳,王平,王洁.全脑缺血大鼠原癌基因c-fos表达及小檗碱的影响[J].中草药,1999,30(1):32-34.
[229]吴俊芳,史以菊,刘天培.小檗碱对小鼠及大鼠脑缺血的保护作用[J].中国药理与毒理学杂志,1995,9(2):100-103.
[230]吴俊芳,刘少林,潘鑫鑫,等.小檗碱对培养大鼠神经细胞“缺血”性损伤的保护作用[J].中国药理学通报,1999,15(3):243-246.
[231]魏佑震,姚志彬,袁群芳,等.小檗碱对全脑缺血后海马的保护作用[J].神经解剖学杂志,1995,11(4):315-321.
[232]吴俊芳,刘少林,潘鑫鑫,等.小檗碱对体外培养大鼠大脑皮层神经元损伤的保护作用[J].南京医科大学学报,1999,19(2):84-87.
[233]吴俊芳,刘少林,潘鑫鑫,等.小檗碱对氧化应激损伤中枢神经细胞的保护作用[J].中国药学杂志,1999,34(8):525-529.
[234]徐庆祥,王幼林,谢敏.四氢小檗碱对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用[J].药学进展,1998,22(1):46-49.
[235]张群英,王红兰,贺广远.四氢小檗碱对大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用[J].南京铁道医学院学报,1996,15(2):76-79.
[236]席刚明,余冬子,范华燕,等.小檗碱对小鼠全脑缺血后神经元凋亡的影响[J].中风与神经疾病杂志,2001,18(5):292-294.
[237]席刚明,余冬子,范华燕,等.小檗碱对小鼠全脑缺血后神经元凋亡相关基因的影响[J].卒中与神经疾病,2001,8(6):323-326.
[238]刘天培,潘鑫鑫,吴俊芳,等.小檗碱抑制谷氨酸引起的新生大鼠脑细胞c-fos表达及游离钙的升高[J].中国药理学通报,1997,13(1):50-53.
[239]郝钰,邱全瑛,吴珺,等.小檗碱对IL-1或TNF诱导的多形核白细胞与内皮细胞粘附的影响[J].中国病理生理杂志,2000,16(7):585-587.
[240]席刚明,余冬子,范华燕,等.小檗碱对小鼠全脑缺血后神经元凋亡的影响[J].中风与神经疾病杂志,2001,18(5):292-294.
[241]郝钰,邱全瑛,吴珺,等.小檗碱对淋巴细胞与血管内皮细胞粘附及粘附分子的影响[J].中国免疫学杂志,1999,15:524-525.
[242]吴俊芳,刘天培.小檗碱对局灶性脑缺血大鼠血小板聚集及血浆TXB2和6-keto-PGF1a水平的影响[J].药学学报,1995,30(2):98-102.
[243] He L, Liu GQ.Effects of various principles from Chinese herbal medicine on rhodaminel23 accumulation in brain capillary endothelial cells [J]. Acta Pharmacol Sin,2002,23(7):591-596.
[244] Xu Y,Li P,Ji Y. Effect of berberine on cerebral pial microcirculation in cerebral ischemic rats[J].Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res,2001,12(12):1084-1085.
[245]马丽焱,肖培根,郭宝林.几种中药成分对脑组织的保护作用[J].中国中药杂志,1999,24(4):238-239.
[246]汤依群,戴德哉,赵健,等.氯苄四氢小檗碱对小鼠缺氧大脑线粒体的保护作用[J].中国药理学与毒理学杂志,1996,10:31-33.
[247] Wang F, Zhao G,Cheng L,et al. Effects of berberine on potassium currents in acutely isolated CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampus[J].Brain Res,2004,999 (1):91-97.
[248] Shigeta K, Otaki K, Tatemoto H, et al. Potentiation of nerve growth factor -induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells by a Captidis Rhizoma extract and protoberberine alkaloids[J].Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2002,66(11):2491-2494.
[249]王超云,蒋王林,智红英,等.黄芩苷对脑损伤的保护作用[J].中草药,2004, 35(2):188-190.
[250]刘萍,李倩,王菊英,等.黄芩苷对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠行为学和梗死体积的影响[J].山东医药,2004,44(29):38-39.
[251]白钢,王冬莉,曹学琳,等.中药中α-糖苷酶抑制剂的筛选[J].南开大学学报(自然科学版),2004;37(3):102.
[252]汪宁一,朱荃,周义维,等.桑枝、桑白皮体外降糖作用研究[J].中药药理与临床2005,21(6):35.
[253]叶菲,申竹芳,乔凤霞,等.中药桑枝提取物对大鼠糖尿病并发症的实验治疗作用[J].药学学报,2002,37(2):108-112.
[254]郭宝荣,赵泉霖.桑枝颗粒剂治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病40例[J].山东中医药大学学报,1999,23(1):46-47.
[255]吴娱明,邹宇晓,廖森泰,等.桑枝提取物对实验高血脂症小鼠的降血脂作用初步研究[J].蚕业科学,2005,31(3):348.
[256] Chatterjee G k,Barman.T K Nagchaudhuri A K,et a1.Antiinflamatory and antipyetic activities of nlorus[J]. indica Pland Medica, 1983, 48(2):116.
[257]江苏新医学院编.中药大辞典(下册)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990, 1996.
[258]陈富君,林一星,许春泉,等.桑的药理研究[J].沈阳药科大学学报,1995,12(3):222-224.
[259]王蓉,卢笑丛,王有为.桑枝提取物及抗炎作用研究[J].武汉植物学研究2002,20(6):467-469.
[260]刘明月,牟英,李善福,等.桑枝95%乙醇提取物抗炎作用的实验研究[J].山西中医学院学报,2003,4(2):100.
[261]陈福君,许春泉,李芸,等.桑的药理研究-桑叶、桑枝、桑白皮抗炎药理作用的初步比较研究[J].沈阳药科大学学报,1995,12(3):222-224.
[262]贾之慎,邬建敏,唐孟成.桑树黄酮类化合物清除超氧离子自由基O2.-的研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1996,22(5):519-523.
[263]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典(下册)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990,1996.
[264]国家医药管理局中草药中心情报站.药物有效成份手册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1986.
[265] Harbome J B,Mabry T J,HelgeMabry.黄酮类化合物[M].戴伦凯,谢如玉译.北京:科学出版社,1983.324-350.
[266]朱春明.动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死患者血清C反应蛋白的动态变化[J].脑与神经疾病杂志,2003,11(1):17-18.
[267] Lyon C, Law R,Hsueh W.Adiposity,inflammation,and athero-genesis[J]. Endocrin- ology, 2003,144:2195-2200.
[268] Janka.Complications,co-monbidity,and blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellituss patients in Germany-results from the CODE-2TM study Exp Clin Endocrinol[J].Diabetes 2002,110:10-16.
[269] Defronzo RA, Ferrannin E.Insulin resistance-A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM,obesity,hypertension,and atherosc-lerotic cardiovascular disease [J]. Diabetes Care.1991,14:173-194.
[270] Potter Van loon B.J,Kluft C,Radder J.K,et al.The cardiovascular risk factor plasmino- gen activeitor inhibitor type 1 is related to insulin resistance [J].Metabolism, 1993: 4245-4949.
[271] Shojik,Shoichit,Mitsuoshimzu,etal.The relationship between early dibetic nephro- pathy and control of plasma glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus[J].J Diab Comp.1994,8:30.
[1]郑惠纯.糖尿病合并脑卒中病情及转归的探讨(附102例分析)[J].实用糖尿病杂志,1998,6(1):28-30.
[2]黄倩倩,吴晓升.心脑宁颗粒冲剂治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞30例疗效观察[J].河北中医,2004,26(6):411-412.
[3]刘琪,刘琴,王芳顺,等.补阳还五汤联合刺五加注射液治疗急性糖尿病性脑梗塞神经功能缺损16例[J].衡阳医学院学报,2000,28(2):160-161.
[4]陈华琴,王兴勤.葛黄胶囊治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞疗效观察[J].中国中医急症,2002,11(1):14.
[5]卞礼恩.止消通脉胶囊治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病并脑梗塞的临床研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2000,7(4):54-55.
[6]李红卫,汪栋材.养阴活血方治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞30例疗效观察[J].新中医,2002,34(8):29.
[7]王玲,王栋材.糖脑康方治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞30例临床观察[J].新中医,2004,36(1)38-39.
[8]李丰衣,南征.活络育阴汤治疗糖尿病合并脑梗塞的临床[J].山东中医药大学学报,2002,26(2):120.
[9]赵世珂,郭立华,李春红.补肾活血法治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞70例[J].江苏中医药,2002,23(1):17.
[10]滕士超.通脉降糖饮治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞32例临床观察[J].江苏中医杂志,2003,24(12):17-18.
[11]邓奕辉,崔莲珠,喻嵘,等.降糖通脉方治疗糖尿病合并脑梗塞32例临床观察[J].湖南中医学院学报,2004,24(5):40-42.
[12]丁自娟.降糖活血方治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞疗效观察[J].中国中医急症,2002,11(2):100.
[13]卢建政,梁润芳.降糖活血汤治疗2型糖尿病合并脑梗塞60例临床观察[J].山东中医杂志,2002,21(4):209-300.
[14]刘继明.滋阴通脉法治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞120例[J].河南中医,2003,22(1):36-37.
[15]杨浩,聂德新,左秀举.葛根素注射液治疗糖尿病合并脑梗塞疗效分析[J].牡丹江医学院学报,2001,22(3):26.
[16]李峰,杜庆萍.葛根素注射液治疗糖尿病合并脑梗塞52例分析[J].青海医药杂志,2002,32(6):14.
[17]王静,张国成,张秀敏.葛根素对老年糖尿病并脑梗塞血液流变学的影响[J].长春中医学院学报,2003,9(2):14.
[18]姜甲军,高军,宫志军,等.灯盏花素治疗老年人2型糖尿病性脑梗塞40例分析[J].丹东医药,2003,(4):15-18.
[19]徐肖峰,杨志华,李和旭,等.刺五加注射液治疗老年糖尿病并的缺血性中风的疗效[J].实用临床医学,2004,5(4):38.
[20]陈新谦,金有豫主编.新编药物学[M].第14版.北京:北京人民卫生出版社,1997,562.
[21]徐佩英,张明,虞芳华,等.血塞通治疗糖尿病并脑梗塞40例[J].辽宁中医杂志,2001,28(4):218.
[22]王夏连,闫德春.血栓通治疗DM脑梗塞临床观察[J].中华实用中西医杂志,2000,13(20):1672-1673.
[23]赵云霞,王秀珠,宋硕茹,等.银杏达莫注射液治疗糖尿病并脑梗塞的临床观察[J].中华实用中西医杂志,2003,3(16):2035.
[24]赵菊珍,赵卫兵,村灵枝.尼莫地平与路路通治疗糖尿病并脑梗塞的临床疗效观察[J].河南实用神经疾病杂志,2001,4(6):61.
[25]张立.疏血通治疗糖尿病并脑梗塞40例[J].辽宁中医杂志,2004,31(2):119-120.
[26]谌剑飞,梁浩荣,马雅玲,等.针刺对糖尿病并发急性脑梗塞白细胞介素-6及肿瘤坏死因子α水平的影响[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2001,8(2):92.
[27]谌剑飞.针刺对糖尿病并发急性脑梗塞下丘脑激素CRH及TRH水平的影响[J].中国针灸,2002,21(6):363.
[28]刘积庆.生脉注射液穴位注射治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞38例临床观察[J].黑龙江中医药,2001,(6):47.
[29]郎玮,谢文霞,单泽松.电针加参麦注射液对糖尿病并脑梗塞患者运动功能及血糖的影响[J].现代康复,2000,4(7):1047.
[30]王玲,刘筱慧.针刺养阴通络法治疗糖尿病性脑梗死临床疗效观察[J].实用中西医结合临床,2004,4(4):9-10.
[31]林兰,董彦敏,倪青,等.氦-氖激光合益气养阴活血中药治疗糖尿病并脑梗塞临床观察[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2000,7(4):56-57.
[32]董彦敏,倪青,李惠林.益气养阴活血药和氦氖激光治疗糖尿病并脑梗塞77例分析[J].中医药学刊,2003,21(10):1736.
[33]周玉海.川芎嗪对糖尿病并脑梗塞家兔脑皮层微循环的影响[J].医学研究通讯,2004,33(8):53.
[34]王志海,黄桂丽.黄芪注射液对糖尿病并脑梗塞患者血浆中血小板α颗粒膜蛋白-140的影响[J].海南医学,2004,15(10):30-31.
[35]林兰,王波,魏海峰,等.低能量He-Ne激光对实验性家兔糖尿病并脑梗塞皮层脑微循环的影响[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2002,9(2):24-26.
[36]王波,李全霞,魏海峰,等.低能量He-Ne激光血管内照射对糖尿病并脑梗塞家兔血流变及超氧化物歧化酶水平的影响[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2003,9(2):42.
[37]林兰,魏海峰,王波,等.低能量氦-氖激光血管内照射联合中药治疗补给性糖尿病并脑梗塞的病理学研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2002,8(9):26-27.
[38]谌剑飞,马雅玲,梁浩荣.不同中药注射剂对2型糖尿病并发急性脑梗塞应激激素和免疫细胞因子的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2000,20(11):815.
[39]王文安,蔡定芳,吕传真.黄芪苷对糖尿病大鼠缺血-再灌注损伤的影响[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2002,9(2):111.
[40]邓奕辉,陈大舜,李定祥.滋阴益气活血法对糖尿病合并脑缺血大鼠内皮素、一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶含量的影响[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2001,8(8):25-26.
[41]邓奕辉,陈大舜,李定祥.降糖通脉方对糖尿病合并缺血性脑损伤模型大鼠的影响[J].湖南中医学院学报,2002,22(1):10-13.
[1] Ross R.Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease[J].Am Hcart J.1999,138(5 pt 2): 419 -420.
[2] Schmidt MI,Duncan BB,sharrett AR,et a1.Markers of imflammation and prediction of diabetes mellitus in adults(Atherosclerosis Risk in communities study):a cohort study[J].1ancet,1999,353:1649-1652.
[3] Duncan BB,Schmidt MI,Pankow JS,et a1.Low-Grade systemic inflammation and the Development of type 2 Diabetes[J].Diabetes,2003,52:1799-1805.
[4] Freeman DJ,Norrin J,Sattar N,et a1.Pravastation and the development of diabetes mellitus,evidence for a protective treatment efect in the west of scotland coronary Prevention study[J].Circulation,2001,103:357-362.
[5] Pickup JC.Crook MA.Is typeⅡdiabetes mellitus a disease of the innate immune system[J].Diabetologia,1998,41:1241-1248.
[6] W JK,Gruber JD,Ossowski VM,et a1.A C-reactive protein promoter polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in pima Indians [J].Mol Genet Metab, 2003, 78:136-144.
[7] Festa A D.Agostino R Jr,Mykkanen L,et al Relative contribution of insulin and its precursors to fibrinogen and PAI-1 in a large population with diferent states of glucose tolerance.The Insulin Resistance Atheroosclerosis Study (IRAS)[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Bid,1999,19:562-568.
[8] Leinonen E,Hurt-caInej0 E,Wiklund O,et a1.Insulin resistance and adiposity correlate with acute-phase reaction and soluble cell adhesion molecules in type 2 diabetes [J].Atherosclerosis,2003,166:387-394.
[9] Rask-Madsen C, Dominguez H,Ihlemann T, et a1.Tumor necrosis factor-alp inhibits insulin stimulating effect on glucose uptake and endothelium- dependent vasodihtion in human [J].Ciralation,2003,108:1815-1821.
[10] Medina EA,Erichson KL,Stanhope KL,et a1.Evidence that tumor necrosis factor- alpha-induced hyperisulinemia prevents decreases of nirculating leptin during fasting in rat[J].Metabolism,2002,51:l104-l110.
[11] Ruan H,Hacohen N,Golub TR,et a1.Tumor necrosis factor-a1pha suppresses adipocyte-specific genes and activates expression of preadipocyte genes in 3T3-L1 adipecytes:nuclear factor-kappa B activation by TNF-alpha is obligatory [J].Diabetes, 2002,51:1319-1336.
[12] McLaughlin T,Abbasi F,Lamendola C,et a1.Diferentiation between obesity and insulin resistance in the association with c-reactive protein[J].Circulation,2002, 106:2908-2912.
[13] Festa A D,Agostino R Jr,Howard G,eta1.Chronic subclinicial inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syndrome:The insulin resistance atherosclerosis study (IRAS)[J].Circulation,2000,102:42-47.
[14] Hak AE.Sebhouwer CDA,Bots ML,et a1.Association of C-reactive protein with measures of obesity,insulin resistance,and subclinical athero- sclerosis in healthy,middle-age women[J].Arterioscler Threm b Vasc Biol, 1999,19:1986-1991.
[15] Yudkin JS,Stehouwer CDA, Emeis JJ,et a1.C-reactive protein in health subjects:associations with obesity,insu1in resistance,and endothelial dysfunction:a potential role of cytokines origination from adipose tissue[J].Arteroscler Thromb Vase Biol, 1999,19:972-978.
[16] Paseerl V,Willerson JT,Yeh ET.Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells [J].Circulation,2000,102:2165-2167.
[17] Venugopal SK,Devalaj S,YuhannaI,eta1.Demonstration that C-reactive protein decrease eNOS expression and bioactivity in human aortic endothelial cells [J].Circulation,2002,106:1439-1441.
[18] Andre-Schmutz I,Hindelang C,Benoist C,et a1.Cellular and molecular changes accompanying the progression from insulitis to diabetes PI CCPVD August 2006, Vol,14 No.8[J].Eur J Immunol,1999,29:245-255.
[19] Festa AD,Agostino R Jr,Tracy RP,et a1.Elevated levels of acute-phase proteins and plasminogen activator inhibitor-l predict the development of type 2 diabetes:the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study [J]. Diabetes,2002,51:1131-1137.
[20] UKPDS Group.Effect of in teasive blood-group control with metformin in on comdicaticon in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS34)[J].Lancet 1998, 352:854-865.
[21]周迎生.肿瘤坏死因子在胰岛素抵抗中的作用.国外医学内科学分册.2000,27 (3): 115-118
[22] VanDer M IM.DeM nat MP.Hak AE.et a1.C-reactive protein predicts progression of atherosclerosis measuredal、rarious sites in the arterial tree:the Rotterdam study [J].Stoke,2002,33:2750.
[23] Curb JD.Abbott RD.Rodriguez BL,et a1.C-reactive protein and the futare risk of thromboembolie stroke in healthy men[J].Cimulation 2003,107:2016-2020.
[24] Festa a,D’Agostino I,Tracy RP,et a1.Elevated levels of acute-phase proteins and plasm inogen activator inhibitor-1 predict the development of type 2 diabetes:the insulin resistance atherosclerosis[J].Diabetes 2002,51:1131-1137.
[25] Pradhan AD,Mangon JE,Rifai N,et a1.C-reactive protein,interleukin6.and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].JAMA,2001,286(3):327- 334.
[26] Pasceri V,Cheng JS,Willerson JT,et a1.Modulation of C-reactive Protein mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein.1 induction in human endothelial cells by an tiatherosclerosis drugs [J].Circulation, 2001, 103(21):253l-2534.
[27] Zhan g YX,Clif WJ,SchoeⅡGI,et a1.Coronary C-reactive protein distri- bution:its relation to development of atherosclero-sis.Atherosclero- sis,1999,145(2):375 -379.
[28] Zwaka TP,Hombach V,Torzewski J.C-reactive protein.Mediated low density lipoprotein uptake by macrophages implications for atherosclerosis [J].Circulation,2001,103(9):l194-1197.
[29] Verma S,Kuliszewski MA,Li SH,et a1.C-reactive protein attenuates endothelial progenitor cell survival, differentiation,and function: further evidence of a mechanistic link between CRP and cardiovascular disease[J].Circulation,2004, 109(17):2058-2067.
[30] Verma S, Wang CH,Li SH,et a1.A self-fulfilling prophecy:C-reactive protein attenuates nitric oxide production and inhibits an giogenesis[J].Circulation,2002, 106 (8):913-919
[31] Bhakdi S,Torzewski M,Klouche M,et a1.Complement an d atherogenesis:binding of CRP to degraded,nonoxidized LDL enhances complement activation[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,1999,19(10):2348-2354.
[32] Devaraj S.Xu DY,Jialal I.C-reactive protein increases plasminogen activator inhibitor-l expression and activity in human aortic endothelial cells:implications for the metabolic syndrome and athero- thrombosis[J].Circulation,2003,107(3):398-340
[33] Erbagci AB,Tarakcioglu M,Coskun Y,et a1.Mediators of inflammation in children with type I diabetes mellitus:cytokines in type I diabetic children[J].Clin Biochem, 2001,34(8):645-650.
[34] Alessi MC,Bestelica D,Mavri A,et a1.Plasma PAI-1 levels are more strongly related to liver steatosis than to adipose tissue accumulation [J].Arterioscler Thromb VascBiol, 2003,23(7):1262-1268.
[35] Herlihy OM,Barrow BA,Grant PJ,et a1.Hyperglycaemic siblings of type II(non- insulin-dependent) diabetic patients have increased PAI-1,central obesity and insulin resistance compared with their paired nor-moglycaemic sibling[J]. Diabetologia, 2002,45(5):635-641.
[36] Tataranni P,Ortega E.Does an adipokine-induced activation of the immune system mediate the effect of overnutrition on type 2 diabetes?[J]. Diabetes,2005,54:917-927
[37] Wellen K,Hotamisligil G.Inflammation,stress,and diabetes[J].J Clin. Invest, 2005, 115: 1111-1119.
[38] Prio TK,Bruunsgaard H,Roge B,et a1.Asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly humans is associated with increased levels of circulating TNF receptors and elevated numors of neutrophils[J].Exp Gerontol 2002,37:693-699.
[39] Lacopino AM.Periodontitis and diabetes interrelation-ships:role inflammation [J].Ann Periodontol 2001,6:125-137.
[40] Pickup JC,Frepath D.Inflammation an d activated innate immunity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes[J].Diabetes Care,2004,27:813-823.
[41]李嘉强,译.炎性标志物与冠心病[J].心血管疾病进展,2003,24:235.
[42] Wmi-dms JK.Sukhova GK.Herrington DM,et a1.Pravastatin has eholesterol lowering independent effects oil the artery wall of atheroselerotic monkeys[J].Am J Coil Cardiol ,1998,31:684-691.
[43] Lin HZ,Yang SQ,Diem AM,et a1.Metformin reserves fatty liver disease in obese, leptin-deficient mice[J].Nat Med,2000,6:998-1003.
[44] Hauner H.The mode of action of thiazolidinediones[J].Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 2002, 18:10-15.
[45] Haffner SM,Green berg AS,Weston WM,et a1.Effect of rosiglitazone treatment on nontraditional markers of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].Circulation,2002,106(6):679-684.
[46] Sacks FM,Pfefer MA,Moye LA,et a1.The effect of pravastafion on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average eholesterol levels[J].N Zngl J Med 1996,335:1001-1009.
[47]高从容,邹大进,梅小斌,等.2型糖尿病患者血清高敏感C反应蛋白水平与大血管病变的关系及辛伐他汀的干预作用[J].上海医学,2004,27:61.
[48] Yudkin JS,Panaloo A,Stehouwer C,et a1.Insulin attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to thermal trauma[J].Mol Med,2002,8:443-450.
[49] Sehiefer B.Sehiefief E.Hilfiker-Kliner D.et a1.expression of all giotensin 11 and interleukin 6 in human coronary atheroselerotic plaques [J].Circulation 2000,101: 1372-1378.
[50] Devaraj S,Jialal I.Alpha tocopherol supplementation decreases serum C-reactive protein and monocyte interleukin-6 levels in nomal volunteers and type 2 diabetic patients[J].Free Radic Biol Med,2000,29:790-792.
[51]陆付耳,冷三华,屠庆年,等.黄连解毒汤与黄连素对2型糖尿病大鼠葡萄糖和脂质代谢影响的比较研究[J].华中科技大学学报(医学版) 2002,31(6):662-665.
[52]谭炎炎,陆付耳,徐丽君,等.黄连解毒汤对2型糖尿病大鼠细胞因子IL-4和IL-10水平的影响[J].微循环学杂志2005,15(3):44-45,49.
[53] Lyon C,Law R,Hsueh W.Adiposity,inflammation,and athero–genesis[J]. Endocrin- ology,2003,144:2195-2200.
[54] Sanchez-Recalde A,Carlos-Kaski J.Diabetes mellitus,inflammation and conmary athero-lerosis:current and future pempectives [J].Cardiol, 2001, 54(6):751-763.
[2] Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, Pyorala K, et al. Predictors of stroke in middle-aged patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes[J].Stroke,1996,27(1):63-68.
[3] Biller J, Love BB. Diabetes and stroke [J]. Med Clinics North Am.1993,77:95-110.
[4]钟学礼主编.临床糖尿病学·糖尿病性脑血管病[M].上海科技出版社,1989,235-239.
[5]赵福康.老年人糖尿病合并急性脑血管病23例临床分析[J].中华老年医学杂志,1998,7:171-173.
[6] Jorgensen H,et al.Stroke in patients with diabetes.The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Stroke.1994,25:1977-1984.
[7] Salah-Eddine Megherbi et al, Association Between Diabetes and Stroke Subtype on Survival and Functional Outcome 3 Months After Stroke[J]. Stroke. 2003, 34: 688- 694.
[8] Hamidon BB,Raymond AA.The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on In-hospital Stroke Mortality.J Postgrad Med,2003,49:307-310.
[9]龟山正邦,伏见尚子.糖尿病と脑血管障害.循环科学,1991,11:766.
[10] Mast H,Thompson JLP,Lee SH,et al.Hypertension and diabetes mellitus as determin- ants of multiple lacunar infarcts.Stroke,1995,26:30-33.
[11] Bogousslavsky J,Regli F.Centrum ovale infarcts:subcortical infarction in thesuper- ficial territory of the middle cereoral artery. Neurology, 1992,42:1992.
[12]朱禧星主编.现代糖尿病学(第1版)[M].上海:上海医科大学大学出版社,2000 5,337-338.
[13]朱本章,谈一飞,白晓宁,等.NIDDM合并多发性腔隙梗塞9例分析.中华内分泌代谢杂志,1992,8:173.
[14] Haffner SM, D Agostino R,Mykkanen L.Insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes Care,1999,22:562-568.
[15] BeckmanJA, CreagerMA, Libby P.Diabetes atherosclerosis:epide-miology, Pathphysi- ology and management.JAMA,2002,287:2570-2581.
[16] Kernan WN, Lnzuchi SE, Viscoli CM,et al.Insulin resistance and risk for stroke. Neurology 2002, 59:809-85.
[17] Fujisawa T,Ikegami H,et al.Angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism is associated with myocardial infarction,but not with retinopathy or nephropathy,in NIDDNM[J]. Diabetes Care.1995,18:983.
[18] Lyon C, Law R,Hsueh W.Adiposity,inflammation,and atherogenesis[J]. Endocrinology, 2003, 144:2195-2200.
[19]钟国隆.生理学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1993,3:115-116.
[20]张延群.2080例糖尿病患者征候与并发症相关性流行病学调查报告[J].上海中医药杂志,2000,(1):23.
[21]于青云.糖尿病证群调查及证型研究[J].山东中医药大学学报,2001,25(3): 185-188.
[22]祝谌予.糖尿病证治[J].中医杂志1986,(6):19
[23]钱秋海.糖尿病病机探讨与治疗回顾[J].山东中医学院学报1988,(4):66.
[24]张尚臣.脾胃升降失常与消渴病的关系[J].河南中医1984,(5):26.
[25]蓝青强.脾胃与糖尿病的关系[J].陕西中医1987,(10):454.
[26]杜廷海.吕靖中教授辨证治疗无症状性糖尿病经验[J].新中医,2001,33(7):11-12.
[27]汪健.糖尿病求因论治3例[J].安徽中医临床杂志,2000,12(5):430-431.
[28]冯晓东.健脾法治疗2型糖尿病78例体会[J].河南中医药学刊,2002,17(5):24.
[29]马哲明.健脾益气养阴法治疗糖尿病53例[J].江苏中医药,2004,25(6):33.
[30]高贤均.中医脾胃学说与胃-肠-胰内分泌系统关系初探[J].中西医结合杂志,1984,4(4):186-188.
[31]袁浩龙.精神障碍与胃肠疾病关系的研究进展[J].国外医学·精神病学分册. 1997,24(3):137.
[32]钱会南,王洪图,齐治家,等.调理脾胃复方对PTZ点燃大鼠神经肽含量的作用[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,1998,4(4):24.
[33]王彩霞.李德新,姜哲浩,等.理脾阴正方提高Alzheimer痴呆模型动物学习记忆能力的机理探讨[J].辽宁中医杂志,2002,29(4):242.
[34]刘彦珠.中医脏腑学说与高脂血症[J].北京中医药大学学报.1996,19(16):16.
[35]刘桂荣等.对高脂血症几个问题的探讨[J].山东中医药大学学报.2001,25(5):330.
[36]马建伟.脾气虚证与血清锌铜镁关系探讨[J].中西医结合脾胃杂志.1993,12 (2):26.
[37]何邦平.微量元素与中风.中风与神经疾病杂志.1992,9(1):60.
[38] Brad WC,et al.Tiny deal chemical element and nerve disease[J]. Nutr. 1982, 112:928.
[39] Lei KY,et al.The afferent disease relation of tiny deal chemical element and brain studies [J].Nutr.1978,108:232
[40]王春霞.微量元素与缺血性脑血管病患者相互关系探讨[J].脑与神经疾病杂志.1995,3(4):221
[41]贾钰华,许俊杰.脾虚证的微循环和血液流变学同步观察[J].中医药研究, 1991,(6):55.
[42]马宗林,包力.脾虚证外周微循环对比观察[J].辽宁中医杂志,1995,(10):437.
[43]郑小伟.中医实验动物方法学[M].上海:上海中医药大学出版社,1999.
[44]李冰星.虚症临床脉象浅析[J].浙江中医杂志, 1991,26(3)∶1 26-129.
[45]贾钰华.脾虚证的外周微循环障碍初探[J].辽宁中医志,1991,18(2):16-18
[46]黄贤梓.脾虚证患者血循环特征的初步研究[J].甘肃中医,1992;5(4):3-4
[47]王振义,李家增,阮长耿,等主编.血栓与止血基础理论与临床[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996年第3版.
[48]陈可冀.血瘀证与活血化瘀研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990,382.
[49]陈开地,宋振先.200例糖尿病患者甲皱微循环观察[J].临床与实验杂志,1994,2(2):84.
[50]蔡绍华,谌剑飞.糖尿病缺血性中风中医证型与血高凝状态的关系[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2000,7(3):171.
[51]常富业,王永炎.中风病毒邪论[J].北京中医药大学学报,2004,27(1):3-6.
[52]李澎涛,潘彦舒,黄启福,等.解毒通络方对脑缺血损伤海马区突触可塑性的影响[J].解剖科学展,2002,8(2):106-108.
[53]吴敦序.中医基础理论[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995,第6版:82-143.
[54]姜良铎,陈文生.从毒论治初探[J].北京中医药大学学报,1998,1(5):2-3.
[55]魏江磊.中风热毒论[J].北京中医药大学学报,2003,26(1):7-11.
[56]雷燕,王永炎,黄启福.络病理论探微[J].北京中医药大学学报,1998,21(2):18-23.
[57]李岩,赵雁,黄启福等.中医络病的现代认识[J].北京中医药大学学报,2002, 25(3):1-4
[58]吴以岭.气络-NEI网络相关性探析[J].中医杂志,2005,46(10):723-726.
[59]王永炎,杨宝琴,黄启福.络脉络病与病络[J].北京中医药大学学报,2003,26 (4):1-2.
[60]王永炎,常富业,杨宝琴.络脉络病与病络[J].北京中医药大学学报,2003,26 (4):1-2.
[61]陈以国.络脉与微循环的再认识[J].中医函授通讯,1998,17(4):35-36.
[52]李澎涛.毒损脑络病机假说形成及其理论与实践意义[J].北京中医药大学学报.2001,24(1):1-6.
[63]廖维靖.脑缺血损伤的病理生理机制一损伤级联反应[J].国外医学·脑血管疾病分册.1998,6(4):197-202.
[64]邓文龙.中医解毒法实质及内毒素性疾病的中医药防治[J].中药药理与临床. 1993,8(4):40.
[65]雷燕.络病理论探微[J].北京中医药大学学报,l998,2l(2):18-23.
[66] Myers RE,Yamaguchi S. Neurous system effects Of Cardic arrest in monkey [J].Arch Neurol,1997,34:65.
[67]王新德.神经病学-神经系统脑血管性疾病[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2000, 32-33.
[68]刘建容,胡大萌,赵瑜,等.高血糖对大鼠局灶性脑缺血细胞外钙离子的影响[J].上海第二医科大学学报,1997,(3):201-202.
[69] Bederson JB,Pitts LH,Tsuji M, et al. Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion:evaluation of the model and development of a neurologic examination[J].Stroke,1986,17:472.
[70] Siemkouicz E, Hansen Al, Brain extracellular ion composition and EEG activity following 10 minutes ischemia in normol and hyperglycemic rats [J].Stroke, 1981, 12:236.
[71]郭玉璞,包义军.葡萄糖对大鼠局灶性脑缺血影响的组织病理研究[J].中风与神经疾病杂志,1991,8(1):7.
[72]南海荣,王德全.非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病脑血管病变危险因素的研究现状[J].国外医学脑血管疾病分册,2000,(1):18-19.
[73]史洪润,杨玉庆,孟昭水,等.高血糖时红细胞聚集与急性脑梗塞关系的研究[J].中风与神经疾病杂志,1997,8(1):7.
[74]傅景华.古代验方大全[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,1990,423.
[75]王坤山,王慧艳.糖尿病良方1500首[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1997.1,174.
[76]敦教礼,陈竹林.糖尿病从毒论治初探[J].新疆中医药,1992,(2):9-12.
[77]周旭生,曹红,郑玉.通窍泄毒法治疗糖尿病的临床研究[J].中国中医药科技,1995,2(4):16-17.
[78]宋德林,宋福印,何玉信,等.降糖解毒胶囊治疗2型糖尿病60例[J].中医药学报,1996,(1):23.
[79]陈长青.消渴病(糖尿病)病机探讨[J].中医药研究,1997,(5):4-6.
[80]南征.益肾解毒通络保肾法治疗消渴肾病的临床与实验研究[N].消渴病全国第四届论文集,2003.
[81]彭世桥,柴英勤,吕长青.加味黄连解毒汤治疗脑梗塞[J].浙江中医杂志,1991, 26(12):40.
[82]姜祟智,柳玉美.黄连解毒汤加味治疗缺血性中风120例[J].中医杂志,1994,35 (10):608.
[83]鲍益铭.黄连解毒汤加味治疗脑血管意外45例[J].陕西中医.1996,17(19):388.
[84]温跃才.加味黄连解毒汤治疗脑梗塞100例[J].吉林中医药,1998(1):26.
[85]张建平.黄连解毒汤为主治疗急性脑血管病50例[J].实用中医药杂志1998,14 (9):10.
[86]长谷川恒雄.脑血管障碍的汉方治疗[J].国外医学.中医中药分册.1991,13 (5):7.
[87]蒋玉风,黄启福,周丽琰,等.清开灵注射液治疗SHRsp出血性中风病的研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,1997,20(2):34.
[88]白丽敏.清开灵注射液对实验性脑出血大鼠脑内P物质的影响[J].北京中医药大学学报,1996,19(6):68.
[89]彭胜权.温病学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社.2000,1091.
[90]刘道安.清热解毒方药具神经细胞保护作用[J].中国中医药报,1999.
[91]彭胜权,刘仕昌.学术经验集[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社.1996,23.
[92]陈庆明.醒脑静注射液的药理基础与临床应用[J].中西医结合临床急救,1999,6(4):191.
[93]雷载权.中药学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995,19.
[94]郑筱萸主编.中药新药临床研究指导原则[M].中国医药科技出版社,北京, 2002年5月,第一版.
[95]钱荣立摘译.关于糖尿病的新诊断标准与分型(WHO)专家咨询报告:糖尿病的定义、诊断、分型与糖尿病并发症)[J].中国糖尿病杂志,2000,8(1):5-6.
[96]中华医学会神经科学会·各类脑血管疾病的诊断要点,1995年中华全国脑血管病学术会议制定[J].中华神经科杂志,1996,29(6):379.
[97]李光伟,潘孝仁,Stephen Lillioja.检测人群胰岛素敏感性的一项新指数[J].中华内科杂志,1993,32(10):656-660.
[98] Rhodes C.Type 2 Diabetes-a matter ofβ-cell life and death?[J].Science, 2005, 307: 380-384.
[99] Libby P. Ridker PM. Maseri A, et al. Inflammation and atherosclerosis [J]. Circulation. 2002,105(9):1135-1143.
[100] Peter J Bamees,Michael Karin.Nuclear factor-kB-a pivotal transcri -ption factor in chronic inflammatory diseases[J].N Engl J Med, 1997, 336(15):1066-1071.
[101] Dandona, P. Aljada, A. Mohanty, P, et al. Insulin inhibits intranuclear nuclear factor kappaB and stimulates Ikappa B in mononuclear cells in obese subjects:evidence for an anti-inflammatory effect? [J].J Clin Endocrinal Metab, 2001, 86(7): 3257- 3265.
[102] Danenberg HD,Kantak N,Grad E,et al.C-reactive protein promotes monocyte-platelet aggregation:an additional link to the inflammatory- thrombotic intricacy [J].Eur J Haematol.2007,78(3):246-252.
[103]龙敏,严钟德.C-反应蛋白和糖尿病[J].国外医学内分泌学分册,2002,22(2): 75-77.
[104] Kvasnicka J,Skrha J,Perusicova J,et al.Haemostasis,cytoadhesive molecules (sE- selectin and sICAM-1) and inflammatory markers in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)[J].Sb Lek,1998,99(2):97 -101.
[105]陈莉明.糖尿病心血管病变的研究现状[J].国外医学内分泌学分册,2003,23(1):59-61.
[106] Ross R. Aaherosclerosis--An inflammatory disease [J].N Eng J Med, 1999, 340(2): 115-126.
[107] Libby P, Schoenbeck U, Mach F. Current concepts in cardiolvascular pathology:the role of LDL cholesterol in plaque tupture and stabili- zation[J].Is J Medicine, 1998, 104:145-185.
[108] Fuster V/Human lesion studies [J]. Am N Y Acad Sci, 1997, 811:207-209.
[109] Libby P.Atheroma:more than mush [J].Lancet,1996,348:54-56.
[110] Lafont A, Libby p.Thesmooth muscle cell: Sinner or saint in restenosis and the acute coronary syndromes[J].JACC,1998,32:283-285.
[111] Kristensen SD,Ravn HB, Falk E. Insights into the pathophysiology of unstable coronary artery disease[J].Am J Cardiol,1997,80:5-9.
[112]周冀英,谢鹏,董为伟.对动脉粥样硬化斑块的新认识[J].中华老年心脑血管病杂志2000,2(3):211-213
[113]文川,徐浩,黄启福,等.几种活血中药对ApoE缺陷小鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响[J].中国病理生理杂志,2005;21(5):864-867.
[114]左芳,赵玉霞.通心络胶囊对动脉粥样硬化斑块影响的临床研究[J].中西医结合心脑血管病杂志,2005;3(3):200-202.
[115]黑子清,吴伟康,黄河清,等.四逆汤对兔实验性动脉粥样硬化斑块形成及血脂的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2003,9(2):27-29.
[116]江苏新医学院编.中药大辞典[M].上海人民出版社,1977:1695-1696.
[117]谢宗万,佘友芩.全国中草药名鉴[M].人民卫生出版社,2000:538.
[118]黄泰康,丁志遵.现代本草纲目[M].中国医药科技出版社,2001:1999–2001.
[119]田代华编.实用中药辞典[M].人民卫生出版社,2002:1426-1429.
[120]常章富,帕提曼·瞿马洪.中国卫矛科药用植物性能的初步整理[J].中国中医药信息杂志,1996,3(2):2936.
[121]马卓.地龙的化学及药理研究概况[J].湖北中医杂志,1991,13(2):44.
[122]江苏新医学院.中药大词典(上册)[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1975,289-291.
[123]李先荣,康永,程霞,等.注射用黄芪多糖药理作用的研究-3.对血糖及肝糖原含量的影响[J].中成药,1989;11(9):32.
[124]李陈莉.黄芪对小鼠血糖水平的影响[J].河北医学院学报,1993,14(3): 143-144.
[125]黄春玲,吕玉萍.黄芪辅助治疗2型糖尿病对胰岛素抵抗的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2003,23(10):779-780.
[126]杨凌辉,邹大进,冯正康,等.黄芪改善高脂饲养大鼠胰岛素敏感性的机制研究[J].第二军医大学学报,2004,25(4):407-409.
[127]鲁瑾,邹大进,张家庆.黄芪预防肿瘤坏死因子-α所致胰岛素抵抗[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1999,19(7):420-422.
[128]刘星阶.黄芪成分和药理活性研究进展[J].上海医药,1995,2:14.
[129]骆和生,罗鼎辉.免疫中药学[M].北京:北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版,1999,262.
[130]陈春富.黄芪防治缺血性脑卒中的研究进展[J].河北医学,1995,1(4):226.
[131]陈春富,郭述苏,王红梅.黄芪对脑缺血再灌流损伤保护作用的实验研究[J].河北中医药学报,1999,14(3):l.
[132]周苏宁,邵伟,张文高,等.黄芪和川芎嗪注射液配伍防治心肌缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2001,8(4):233
[133]张斌,雄鹰.黄芪对大鼠急性脑缺血后神经元凋亡的影响[J].中国临床康复.2004,8(31)
[134]梁亚明,舒昌达,何军.黄芪和杜仲对链脲霉素糖尿病模型小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能减损的影响[J].重庆医科大学学报,1992,17(1):11.
[135]陈香美,朱宁,中内启光.雷卫藤、黄芪对MRL/1pr小鼠淋巴细胞表面标志及细胞因子的影响[J].中华微生物和免疫学杂志,1991;11(6):387.
[136]董晓慧,房益兰,李为,等.香菊流浸膏等中药抗自由基作用的研究[J].西安医科大学学报,1993,14(4):350.
[137]汪德清,沈文梅,田亚平,等.黄芪总黄酮对羟自由基所致哺乳动物细胞损伤的保护作用[J].中国中药杂志,1995;20(4):240.
[138]郭兆贵,许树梧,贾宏均,等.黄芪的外周扩血管作用及与γ—氨酪酸的比较[J].中医杂志,1980;21(5):393.
[139]雷春利,陈羽,吕文纬,等.黄芪总皂甙对犬急性心肌梗塞缺血面积、心外膜电图、心肌酶的影响[J].白求恩医科大学学报,1995;21(2):111.
[140]钟国赣,孙晓霞,李云义,等.黄芪皂甙对离体工作心脏的强心作用[J].白求恩医科大学学报,1994;20(5):448.
[141]陈科.卫矛科植物鬼箭羽中的甾体成分[J].中草药.1983,14(9):1.
[142] Kiohko Y:Tohuku J Exp Med,1968,96:127.
[143]郎素梅,朱丹妮.中药鬼箭羽降糖有效部位的药效学和化学研究[J].中国药科大学学报,2003,34(2):128-131.
[144]夏卫军,程海波,张莉.鬼箭羽治疗2型糖尿病实验研究[J].陕西中医,2001, 22(8):505-507.
[145]哈尔滨医科大学药理教研组.卫矛药理作用的初步研究[J].新医药学杂志,1977,(4):28.
[146]张为式.卫矛对小鼠心肌摄取131铯的影响[J].药学通报,1981,16(7):3-4.
[147]夏卫军,程海滨.鬼箭羽治疗2型糖尿病实验研究[J].陕西中医,2001,22(8): 505-507.
[148]齐昉,刘根尚.鬼箭羽对实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖及血脂的影响[J].中国中医药信息杂志,1998,5(7):19-20.
[149]张为式,李亦秀,崔英梅,等.卫矛药理作用的初步研究[J].哈尔滨医科大学学报,1980,14(4):25-27.
[150]尚文斌等,鬼箭羽对糖尿病小鼠血糖及全血粘度的影响[J].南京中医药大学学报(自然科学版),2000,16 (3):166-167.
[151]王宇森.糖尿病性微血管病变与血液流变性[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志,1991,7(l): 36.
[152] Pickup J,Williams G,et a1. Textbook of diabetes.eds.In:Giardino I, Brownlee M. eds. microvascular function and haemodynamic disturbances in diabetes mellitus and its complications.eds[J].Blackwell of science LTD.1997,43,1.
[153]翁维良,房书亭,等.临床中药学[M].湖南科学技术出版社,1998:927.
[154] ChaBY,ParkCJ,et al. Inhibitory effect of methanol extract of Euonymus alatus on ma-trix metalloproteinase-9[J].J Ethnopharmacol 2003,85(1):163-167.
[155]杨锦南,李彩莲,等.二乙酰二脱水卫矛醇抗瘤作用的实验研究[J].2002,19 (3):178-183.
[156] Eagan RT, Amess MM, et a1.Clinical and pharmacologic evaluation of split-dose inter-mitert therapy[J].Cancer Treat Rep,1982,66(2):283-289.
[157] SchabelFM, SkipperHE, et al. Establishment of cross-resistance profiles for new agents[J].Cancer Treat Rep.1983,67(10):905-922.
[158] Chabel FM,Trader MW,et al. Datterns of resistance and therapeutic synergism among alkyating agents[J].Antibiot Chemother.1978,23:200 -215.
[159]梁东良,李平法.二乙酰二脱水卫矛醇对小鼠白血L1210细胞增殖的影响[J].热带医学杂志,2002,2(2):150-156.
[160] EllingerH,KarasuyamaH,et al. S te20-like kinase,a regulatiory kinase for polo-like ki-nase(Plk)during the G 2/M transition in somatic cells [J].Genes Cel1s. 2000, 5(6): 491-498.
[161] TaylorWR,DeprimoSE,et al.Mechanisms of G2 arrest in response to overexpre-ssion of p53[J].Mo1 Biol Ce11,1999;10(11):3607-3602.
[162]廖小梅.二去水卫茅醇对慢粒骨髓细胞姐妹染色单体互换的影响[J].四川医学,1985,6(1):7.
[163]黄德斌.鬼箭羽70%醇提取物对速发型和迟发型变态反应抑制作用的实验研究[J].中国药理学通报,2003,19(6):686-688.
[164] Kubo M, Matsuda H, Tokwoka K et al. Anti inflammatory activities of methanolic extract and alkaloidal components from corydalis tuber[J]. Biol Pharm Bu11, 1994; 17(2):262-265.
[165] Meade R, Askenase PW, Geba GP et al. Tranforming growth factor-β1 inhibits murine immediate and delayed type hypersensitivity [J]. Immunol,1992,149(2): 521-528.
[166]陈慰峰主编.医学免疫学(第3版)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000:206.
[167]潘浩,胡秀慧.水蛭防治微血管吻合口血栓形成的实验研究[J].中国中医骨伤科,1999,7(3):1.
[168]谭毓治,徐彭,张孝友,等.去头水蛭醇提物抗血栓作用的研究[J].中国中药杂志,1999,24(10):622.
[169]朱智明,刘伊丽,万华印,等.血小板膜GPⅡb/Ⅲa单抗及水蛭素对损伤动脉内膜血小板沉积量的影响[J].心肺血管病杂志,1998,17(1):39.
[170]王晓明,李亚珍,邱智东,等.水蛭注射液对大鼠血小板聚集和血栓形成的影响[J].中成药,1998,20(4):27.
[171]刘晓颖,李凤文.水蛭对实验性动脉粥样硬化家兔血管内皮功能障碍的影响[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,1998,4(3):15.
[172]曹翠丽,马常升,马文领,等.中药水蛭对缺血/再灌注后脑细胞的抗凋亡作用[J].河北医科大学学报,2000,21(4):193.
[173]王洋,王善政,何伟.中药水蛭对肺缺血再灌注后细胞的抗凋亡作用[J].山东中医药大学学报,2001,25(2):139.
[174]陈怡和,夏玉叶,盛雨晨.中风康对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后再灌注损伤的影响[J].中成药,2001,23(10):742-744.
[175]宫晔,陈街城,鲍伟民.脑出血后脑组织水、离子变化及水蛭素的作用[J].上海医科大学学报,2000,27(2):105.
[176]陈贵海,李孟峰,赵广碧,等.水蛭对脑出血大鼠血T3、T4、PRL、GH、CS的影响[J].中国急救医学,1998,18(5):11.
[177]陈贵海,吴强,尹世杰,等.水蛭对脑出血治疗作用的实验研究[J].中国危重病急救医学,1998,10(6):329.
[178]陈建明,强世平.水蛭桃仁汤抗肝纤维化的研究[J].武汉冶金科技大学学报,1998,21(3):356.
[179]郑燕林,王毅,蒋纪恺,等.增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的免疫组化研究及水蛭素的影响[J].眼科,2000,9(2):110.
[180]郑燕林,王毅.水蛭素对增生性玻璃体视网膜病变影响的组织病理学观察[J].中国中医眼科,2000,10(1):26.
[181]袁晓辉,王万杰,郑燕林.水蛭素预防眼内增生性病变的初步观察[J].眼科新进展,2000,20(4):56.
[182]余昭群,熊良钟,吴祖泽.水蛭中氨基酸成分与人白介素26伍用对60Co2.照射小白鼠造血功能的影响[J].中成药,1999,21(4):189.
[183]陈香美,傅博,叶一舟,等.凝血酶介导肾小球系膜细胞细胞间粘附分子1表达上调及水蛭素的阻断作用[J].中华肾脏病杂志,1998,14(4):211.
[184]陈香美,徐启河,张颖,等.重组水蛭素延缓部分肾切除大鼠慢性肾损伤的初步研究[J].中华内科杂志,1998,37(12):838.
[185]王一芳,宫丽丽.凝血酶对丘脑组织血脑屏障及水电解质含量的影响[J].南京医科大学学报,2000,20(2):128.
[186]张涛.水蛭和丹参对血管成形术后平滑肌细胞增殖影响的实验研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1998,3:85.
[187]黄德胜,陈之灿.微循环障碍型缺血性心脏病[J].中国微循环杂志,1997,1 (1):80.
[188]金利容,徐桂芝,等.脑梗死的凝血纤溶状态和蚓激酶的作用[J].中国新药与临床杂志,1999,18(1):48.
[189]徐宗佩,王益明,张吉正,等.地龙提取物对健康小鼠红细胞变形性的影响[J].天津中医,2000,17(3):37.
[190]丁文明,李春兰,丁伟,等.蚓激酶对老年冠性病血液流变异常及甲微循环障碍的近期疗效[J].中国微循环,1999,3(3):159.
[191]李淑兰,谢桂芹,曲竟南,等.地龙降压作用的研究[J].中医药信息,1995,3:11.
[192]耿秀芳,李桂芹,刘佃全,等.地龙低温水对ACE活性影响[J].中医药信息,1997,6:38.
[193]张凤春,陈云峰,苏颜珍,等.地龙对巨噬细胞免疫活性的增强作用[J].中国药学杂志,1998,33(9):531.
[194]张凤春,陈云峰,苏颜珍,等.地龙对新西兰大白鼠背部创伤愈合作用的机制研究[J].中国药学杂志,1999,34(1):93.
[195]王沛,李东冰,赵雅茹,等.地龙组分溶液促进痔术后创面愈合的临床研究[J].中国肛肠病杂志,1999,19(11):3.
[196]张凤春,陈云峰,苏颜珍,等.地龙促进大白兔背部创伤伤口收缩的实验研究[J].中国中药杂志,1998,23(9):560-561.
[197]陈斌艳,张雷,王竟,等.地龙粉针对大鼠小鼠与兔的解热镇痛作用[J].上海医科大学学报,1996,13(3):115.
[198]沈谦受.地龙对实验性心律失常作用的研究[J].湖南医药杂志,1982,(6):68-701.
[199]苏云明,赵雪瑛,宋春燕,等.通脑舒心液药理作用研究[J].中成药,1997,19(5):29-301.
[200]郭宝珠,王惠云,等.蚯蚓提取物体外杀精及抗阴道毛滴虫作用的实验研究[J].中医药信息,1997,(13):39.
[201]张绍章,田琼,李予蓉等.蚯蚓提取物对小鼠脾脏抗体形成细胞的影响[J].第四军医大学学报,1993,14(5):350.
[201]孙淑芬,莫简,郭正仁,等.蚯蚓提取物对血卟啉-激光抗癌的增敏作用及其机理[J].第四军医大学学报,1991,12(3):141.
[203]韩苇,王克为,张发科.蚯蚓提取物透析组分对MGC803胃癌细胞DNA合成的抑制作用[J].第四军医大学学报,1991,12(4):302.
[204]黎莉,甘明,黎祥胜,等.地龙类药材药理作用比较[J].中药材,1997,20(7):361-363.
[205]孙前林.地龙能通乳[J].浙江中医杂志,1995,30(12):562.
[206]林承木,郑幼兰.马齿苋降血糖作用的研究[J].福建医药杂志,1995,17(4):85-86.
[207]夏天,章梅,王宗仁,等.野生马齿苋对老年人高血脂症患者血脂含量及红细胞流变性的影响[J].第一军医大学学报,1999,19(4)增刊:206-207.
[208]沈岚,陆付耳.马齿苋对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响[J].中国医院药学杂志2005,25(4):293-295.
[209] Storlien L H,J enkins AB, Chisholm DJ, et al . Influence of dietary fat composition on development of insulin resistance in rats[J].Diabetes 1991,40:280-289.
[210]曲淑岩.马齿苋的药理及其临床应用[J].吉林中医药,1985,32(3):28-29.
[211]马慕英.马齿苋抑菌作用的探讨[J].食品科学,1992,12(1):36-38.
[212]于军,徐丽华,王云等.射干和马齿苋对46株绿脓杆菌体外抑菌实验的研究[J].白求恩医科大学学报,2001,27(2):130-131.
[213]贺圣文,贺圣光,赵仁宏,等.野生马齿苋对家兔机体血脂及脂质过氧化作用的影响[J].中国公共卫生,1997,13(3):157-158.
[214]曾小玲.马齿苋水提物对氧自由基清除作用的研究[J].湖南医科大学学报, 1999,24(2):133-135.
[215] Simopoulos A P.Purslane:A terrest rial source of omega-3 fatty acids[J]. New Engl J Med, 1986,315(13):833.
[216]周阳,张冬惠.马齿苋与w-3多价不饱和脂肪酸[J].国外医药.植物药分册,1995,10(6):247-250.
[217]贺圣文,刘同美,赵仁宏,等.马齿苋对家兔体内抗氧化能力的影响[J].中草药,1997,28(5):284-285.
[218]鞠兴荣,施洪飞.马齿苋抗氧化作用实验研究[J].山东中医药大学学报,2000,24(6):466-467.
[219]贺圣文,尤敏,苗乃法,等.野生马齿苋对家兔淋巴细胞PHA诱导下增殖的影响[J].潍坊医学院学报,1996,18(3):206-207.
[220]崔文,尹苗,安利国,等.马齿苋多糖的抗肿瘤活性[J].山东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,17(1):73-76.
[221]曲淑岩.马齿苋的药理及其临床应用[J].吉林中医药,1985,32(3):28-29.
[222]李守柔,黄观祥,吕忠智,等.马齿苋子宫收缩作用的分离提取[J].中草药通讯,1997,10(6):9210.
[223]倪艳霞,刘安强,高云峰,等.黄连素治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病60例疗效观察及实验研究[J].中西医结合杂志,1998,8(12):711.
[224]陈其明,谢明智.黄连及小檗碱降血糖的研究[J].药学学报1986,21(6):401.
[225]高从容,张家庆,黄庆玲.黄连素增加胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型胰岛素敏感性的实验研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1997,17(3):162.
[226]陆灏,叶伟成,丁学屏.黄连素对实验大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响[J].辽宁中医学院学报,2002,4(4):259-260.
[227]冯栓林,刘顺兴,冯清燕,等.盐酸小檗碱与小剂量阿司匹林防治缺血性中风的临床与实验对比研究[J].中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志,1996,3(4):224.
[228]吴俊芳,王平,王洁.全脑缺血大鼠原癌基因c-fos表达及小檗碱的影响[J].中草药,1999,30(1):32-34.
[229]吴俊芳,史以菊,刘天培.小檗碱对小鼠及大鼠脑缺血的保护作用[J].中国药理与毒理学杂志,1995,9(2):100-103.
[230]吴俊芳,刘少林,潘鑫鑫,等.小檗碱对培养大鼠神经细胞“缺血”性损伤的保护作用[J].中国药理学通报,1999,15(3):243-246.
[231]魏佑震,姚志彬,袁群芳,等.小檗碱对全脑缺血后海马的保护作用[J].神经解剖学杂志,1995,11(4):315-321.
[232]吴俊芳,刘少林,潘鑫鑫,等.小檗碱对体外培养大鼠大脑皮层神经元损伤的保护作用[J].南京医科大学学报,1999,19(2):84-87.
[233]吴俊芳,刘少林,潘鑫鑫,等.小檗碱对氧化应激损伤中枢神经细胞的保护作用[J].中国药学杂志,1999,34(8):525-529.
[234]徐庆祥,王幼林,谢敏.四氢小檗碱对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用[J].药学进展,1998,22(1):46-49.
[235]张群英,王红兰,贺广远.四氢小檗碱对大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用[J].南京铁道医学院学报,1996,15(2):76-79.
[236]席刚明,余冬子,范华燕,等.小檗碱对小鼠全脑缺血后神经元凋亡的影响[J].中风与神经疾病杂志,2001,18(5):292-294.
[237]席刚明,余冬子,范华燕,等.小檗碱对小鼠全脑缺血后神经元凋亡相关基因的影响[J].卒中与神经疾病,2001,8(6):323-326.
[238]刘天培,潘鑫鑫,吴俊芳,等.小檗碱抑制谷氨酸引起的新生大鼠脑细胞c-fos表达及游离钙的升高[J].中国药理学通报,1997,13(1):50-53.
[239]郝钰,邱全瑛,吴珺,等.小檗碱对IL-1或TNF诱导的多形核白细胞与内皮细胞粘附的影响[J].中国病理生理杂志,2000,16(7):585-587.
[240]席刚明,余冬子,范华燕,等.小檗碱对小鼠全脑缺血后神经元凋亡的影响[J].中风与神经疾病杂志,2001,18(5):292-294.
[241]郝钰,邱全瑛,吴珺,等.小檗碱对淋巴细胞与血管内皮细胞粘附及粘附分子的影响[J].中国免疫学杂志,1999,15:524-525.
[242]吴俊芳,刘天培.小檗碱对局灶性脑缺血大鼠血小板聚集及血浆TXB2和6-keto-PGF1a水平的影响[J].药学学报,1995,30(2):98-102.
[243] He L, Liu GQ.Effects of various principles from Chinese herbal medicine on rhodaminel23 accumulation in brain capillary endothelial cells [J]. Acta Pharmacol Sin,2002,23(7):591-596.
[244] Xu Y,Li P,Ji Y. Effect of berberine on cerebral pial microcirculation in cerebral ischemic rats[J].Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res,2001,12(12):1084-1085.
[245]马丽焱,肖培根,郭宝林.几种中药成分对脑组织的保护作用[J].中国中药杂志,1999,24(4):238-239.
[246]汤依群,戴德哉,赵健,等.氯苄四氢小檗碱对小鼠缺氧大脑线粒体的保护作用[J].中国药理学与毒理学杂志,1996,10:31-33.
[247] Wang F, Zhao G,Cheng L,et al. Effects of berberine on potassium currents in acutely isolated CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampus[J].Brain Res,2004,999 (1):91-97.
[248] Shigeta K, Otaki K, Tatemoto H, et al. Potentiation of nerve growth factor -induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells by a Captidis Rhizoma extract and protoberberine alkaloids[J].Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2002,66(11):2491-2494.
[249]王超云,蒋王林,智红英,等.黄芩苷对脑损伤的保护作用[J].中草药,2004, 35(2):188-190.
[250]刘萍,李倩,王菊英,等.黄芩苷对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠行为学和梗死体积的影响[J].山东医药,2004,44(29):38-39.
[251]白钢,王冬莉,曹学琳,等.中药中α-糖苷酶抑制剂的筛选[J].南开大学学报(自然科学版),2004;37(3):102.
[252]汪宁一,朱荃,周义维,等.桑枝、桑白皮体外降糖作用研究[J].中药药理与临床2005,21(6):35.
[253]叶菲,申竹芳,乔凤霞,等.中药桑枝提取物对大鼠糖尿病并发症的实验治疗作用[J].药学学报,2002,37(2):108-112.
[254]郭宝荣,赵泉霖.桑枝颗粒剂治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病40例[J].山东中医药大学学报,1999,23(1):46-47.
[255]吴娱明,邹宇晓,廖森泰,等.桑枝提取物对实验高血脂症小鼠的降血脂作用初步研究[J].蚕业科学,2005,31(3):348.
[256] Chatterjee G k,Barman.T K Nagchaudhuri A K,et a1.Antiinflamatory and antipyetic activities of nlorus[J]. indica Pland Medica, 1983, 48(2):116.
[257]江苏新医学院编.中药大辞典(下册)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990, 1996.
[258]陈富君,林一星,许春泉,等.桑的药理研究[J].沈阳药科大学学报,1995,12(3):222-224.
[259]王蓉,卢笑丛,王有为.桑枝提取物及抗炎作用研究[J].武汉植物学研究2002,20(6):467-469.
[260]刘明月,牟英,李善福,等.桑枝95%乙醇提取物抗炎作用的实验研究[J].山西中医学院学报,2003,4(2):100.
[261]陈福君,许春泉,李芸,等.桑的药理研究-桑叶、桑枝、桑白皮抗炎药理作用的初步比较研究[J].沈阳药科大学学报,1995,12(3):222-224.
[262]贾之慎,邬建敏,唐孟成.桑树黄酮类化合物清除超氧离子自由基O2.-的研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1996,22(5):519-523.
[263]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典(下册)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990,1996.
[264]国家医药管理局中草药中心情报站.药物有效成份手册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1986.
[265] Harbome J B,Mabry T J,HelgeMabry.黄酮类化合物[M].戴伦凯,谢如玉译.北京:科学出版社,1983.324-350.
[266]朱春明.动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死患者血清C反应蛋白的动态变化[J].脑与神经疾病杂志,2003,11(1):17-18.
[267] Lyon C, Law R,Hsueh W.Adiposity,inflammation,and athero-genesis[J]. Endocrin- ology, 2003,144:2195-2200.
[268] Janka.Complications,co-monbidity,and blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellituss patients in Germany-results from the CODE-2TM study Exp Clin Endocrinol[J].Diabetes 2002,110:10-16.
[269] Defronzo RA, Ferrannin E.Insulin resistance-A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM,obesity,hypertension,and atherosc-lerotic cardiovascular disease [J]. Diabetes Care.1991,14:173-194.
[270] Potter Van loon B.J,Kluft C,Radder J.K,et al.The cardiovascular risk factor plasmino- gen activeitor inhibitor type 1 is related to insulin resistance [J].Metabolism, 1993: 4245-4949.
[271] Shojik,Shoichit,Mitsuoshimzu,etal.The relationship between early dibetic nephro- pathy and control of plasma glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus[J].J Diab Comp.1994,8:30.
[1]郑惠纯.糖尿病合并脑卒中病情及转归的探讨(附102例分析)[J].实用糖尿病杂志,1998,6(1):28-30.
[2]黄倩倩,吴晓升.心脑宁颗粒冲剂治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞30例疗效观察[J].河北中医,2004,26(6):411-412.
[3]刘琪,刘琴,王芳顺,等.补阳还五汤联合刺五加注射液治疗急性糖尿病性脑梗塞神经功能缺损16例[J].衡阳医学院学报,2000,28(2):160-161.
[4]陈华琴,王兴勤.葛黄胶囊治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞疗效观察[J].中国中医急症,2002,11(1):14.
[5]卞礼恩.止消通脉胶囊治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病并脑梗塞的临床研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2000,7(4):54-55.
[6]李红卫,汪栋材.养阴活血方治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞30例疗效观察[J].新中医,2002,34(8):29.
[7]王玲,王栋材.糖脑康方治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞30例临床观察[J].新中医,2004,36(1)38-39.
[8]李丰衣,南征.活络育阴汤治疗糖尿病合并脑梗塞的临床[J].山东中医药大学学报,2002,26(2):120.
[9]赵世珂,郭立华,李春红.补肾活血法治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞70例[J].江苏中医药,2002,23(1):17.
[10]滕士超.通脉降糖饮治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞32例临床观察[J].江苏中医杂志,2003,24(12):17-18.
[11]邓奕辉,崔莲珠,喻嵘,等.降糖通脉方治疗糖尿病合并脑梗塞32例临床观察[J].湖南中医学院学报,2004,24(5):40-42.
[12]丁自娟.降糖活血方治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞疗效观察[J].中国中医急症,2002,11(2):100.
[13]卢建政,梁润芳.降糖活血汤治疗2型糖尿病合并脑梗塞60例临床观察[J].山东中医杂志,2002,21(4):209-300.
[14]刘继明.滋阴通脉法治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞120例[J].河南中医,2003,22(1):36-37.
[15]杨浩,聂德新,左秀举.葛根素注射液治疗糖尿病合并脑梗塞疗效分析[J].牡丹江医学院学报,2001,22(3):26.
[16]李峰,杜庆萍.葛根素注射液治疗糖尿病合并脑梗塞52例分析[J].青海医药杂志,2002,32(6):14.
[17]王静,张国成,张秀敏.葛根素对老年糖尿病并脑梗塞血液流变学的影响[J].长春中医学院学报,2003,9(2):14.
[18]姜甲军,高军,宫志军,等.灯盏花素治疗老年人2型糖尿病性脑梗塞40例分析[J].丹东医药,2003,(4):15-18.
[19]徐肖峰,杨志华,李和旭,等.刺五加注射液治疗老年糖尿病并的缺血性中风的疗效[J].实用临床医学,2004,5(4):38.
[20]陈新谦,金有豫主编.新编药物学[M].第14版.北京:北京人民卫生出版社,1997,562.
[21]徐佩英,张明,虞芳华,等.血塞通治疗糖尿病并脑梗塞40例[J].辽宁中医杂志,2001,28(4):218.
[22]王夏连,闫德春.血栓通治疗DM脑梗塞临床观察[J].中华实用中西医杂志,2000,13(20):1672-1673.
[23]赵云霞,王秀珠,宋硕茹,等.银杏达莫注射液治疗糖尿病并脑梗塞的临床观察[J].中华实用中西医杂志,2003,3(16):2035.
[24]赵菊珍,赵卫兵,村灵枝.尼莫地平与路路通治疗糖尿病并脑梗塞的临床疗效观察[J].河南实用神经疾病杂志,2001,4(6):61.
[25]张立.疏血通治疗糖尿病并脑梗塞40例[J].辽宁中医杂志,2004,31(2):119-120.
[26]谌剑飞,梁浩荣,马雅玲,等.针刺对糖尿病并发急性脑梗塞白细胞介素-6及肿瘤坏死因子α水平的影响[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2001,8(2):92.
[27]谌剑飞.针刺对糖尿病并发急性脑梗塞下丘脑激素CRH及TRH水平的影响[J].中国针灸,2002,21(6):363.
[28]刘积庆.生脉注射液穴位注射治疗糖尿病性脑梗塞38例临床观察[J].黑龙江中医药,2001,(6):47.
[29]郎玮,谢文霞,单泽松.电针加参麦注射液对糖尿病并脑梗塞患者运动功能及血糖的影响[J].现代康复,2000,4(7):1047.
[30]王玲,刘筱慧.针刺养阴通络法治疗糖尿病性脑梗死临床疗效观察[J].实用中西医结合临床,2004,4(4):9-10.
[31]林兰,董彦敏,倪青,等.氦-氖激光合益气养阴活血中药治疗糖尿病并脑梗塞临床观察[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2000,7(4):56-57.
[32]董彦敏,倪青,李惠林.益气养阴活血药和氦氖激光治疗糖尿病并脑梗塞77例分析[J].中医药学刊,2003,21(10):1736.
[33]周玉海.川芎嗪对糖尿病并脑梗塞家兔脑皮层微循环的影响[J].医学研究通讯,2004,33(8):53.
[34]王志海,黄桂丽.黄芪注射液对糖尿病并脑梗塞患者血浆中血小板α颗粒膜蛋白-140的影响[J].海南医学,2004,15(10):30-31.
[35]林兰,王波,魏海峰,等.低能量He-Ne激光对实验性家兔糖尿病并脑梗塞皮层脑微循环的影响[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2002,9(2):24-26.
[36]王波,李全霞,魏海峰,等.低能量He-Ne激光血管内照射对糖尿病并脑梗塞家兔血流变及超氧化物歧化酶水平的影响[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2003,9(2):42.
[37]林兰,魏海峰,王波,等.低能量氦-氖激光血管内照射联合中药治疗补给性糖尿病并脑梗塞的病理学研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2002,8(9):26-27.
[38]谌剑飞,马雅玲,梁浩荣.不同中药注射剂对2型糖尿病并发急性脑梗塞应激激素和免疫细胞因子的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2000,20(11):815.
[39]王文安,蔡定芳,吕传真.黄芪苷对糖尿病大鼠缺血-再灌注损伤的影响[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2002,9(2):111.
[40]邓奕辉,陈大舜,李定祥.滋阴益气活血法对糖尿病合并脑缺血大鼠内皮素、一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶含量的影响[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2001,8(8):25-26.
[41]邓奕辉,陈大舜,李定祥.降糖通脉方对糖尿病合并缺血性脑损伤模型大鼠的影响[J].湖南中医学院学报,2002,22(1):10-13.
[1] Ross R.Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease[J].Am Hcart J.1999,138(5 pt 2): 419 -420.
[2] Schmidt MI,Duncan BB,sharrett AR,et a1.Markers of imflammation and prediction of diabetes mellitus in adults(Atherosclerosis Risk in communities study):a cohort study[J].1ancet,1999,353:1649-1652.
[3] Duncan BB,Schmidt MI,Pankow JS,et a1.Low-Grade systemic inflammation and the Development of type 2 Diabetes[J].Diabetes,2003,52:1799-1805.
[4] Freeman DJ,Norrin J,Sattar N,et a1.Pravastation and the development of diabetes mellitus,evidence for a protective treatment efect in the west of scotland coronary Prevention study[J].Circulation,2001,103:357-362.
[5] Pickup JC.Crook MA.Is typeⅡdiabetes mellitus a disease of the innate immune system[J].Diabetologia,1998,41:1241-1248.
[6] W JK,Gruber JD,Ossowski VM,et a1.A C-reactive protein promoter polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in pima Indians [J].Mol Genet Metab, 2003, 78:136-144.
[7] Festa A D.Agostino R Jr,Mykkanen L,et al Relative contribution of insulin and its precursors to fibrinogen and PAI-1 in a large population with diferent states of glucose tolerance.The Insulin Resistance Atheroosclerosis Study (IRAS)[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Bid,1999,19:562-568.
[8] Leinonen E,Hurt-caInej0 E,Wiklund O,et a1.Insulin resistance and adiposity correlate with acute-phase reaction and soluble cell adhesion molecules in type 2 diabetes [J].Atherosclerosis,2003,166:387-394.
[9] Rask-Madsen C, Dominguez H,Ihlemann T, et a1.Tumor necrosis factor-alp inhibits insulin stimulating effect on glucose uptake and endothelium- dependent vasodihtion in human [J].Ciralation,2003,108:1815-1821.
[10] Medina EA,Erichson KL,Stanhope KL,et a1.Evidence that tumor necrosis factor- alpha-induced hyperisulinemia prevents decreases of nirculating leptin during fasting in rat[J].Metabolism,2002,51:l104-l110.
[11] Ruan H,Hacohen N,Golub TR,et a1.Tumor necrosis factor-a1pha suppresses adipocyte-specific genes and activates expression of preadipocyte genes in 3T3-L1 adipecytes:nuclear factor-kappa B activation by TNF-alpha is obligatory [J].Diabetes, 2002,51:1319-1336.
[12] McLaughlin T,Abbasi F,Lamendola C,et a1.Diferentiation between obesity and insulin resistance in the association with c-reactive protein[J].Circulation,2002, 106:2908-2912.
[13] Festa A D,Agostino R Jr,Howard G,eta1.Chronic subclinicial inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syndrome:The insulin resistance atherosclerosis study (IRAS)[J].Circulation,2000,102:42-47.
[14] Hak AE.Sebhouwer CDA,Bots ML,et a1.Association of C-reactive protein with measures of obesity,insulin resistance,and subclinical athero- sclerosis in healthy,middle-age women[J].Arterioscler Threm b Vasc Biol, 1999,19:1986-1991.
[15] Yudkin JS,Stehouwer CDA, Emeis JJ,et a1.C-reactive protein in health subjects:associations with obesity,insu1in resistance,and endothelial dysfunction:a potential role of cytokines origination from adipose tissue[J].Arteroscler Thromb Vase Biol, 1999,19:972-978.
[16] Paseerl V,Willerson JT,Yeh ET.Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells [J].Circulation,2000,102:2165-2167.
[17] Venugopal SK,Devalaj S,YuhannaI,eta1.Demonstration that C-reactive protein decrease eNOS expression and bioactivity in human aortic endothelial cells [J].Circulation,2002,106:1439-1441.
[18] Andre-Schmutz I,Hindelang C,Benoist C,et a1.Cellular and molecular changes accompanying the progression from insulitis to diabetes PI CCPVD August 2006, Vol,14 No.8[J].Eur J Immunol,1999,29:245-255.
[19] Festa AD,Agostino R Jr,Tracy RP,et a1.Elevated levels of acute-phase proteins and plasminogen activator inhibitor-l predict the development of type 2 diabetes:the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study [J]. Diabetes,2002,51:1131-1137.
[20] UKPDS Group.Effect of in teasive blood-group control with metformin in on comdicaticon in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS34)[J].Lancet 1998, 352:854-865.
[21]周迎生.肿瘤坏死因子在胰岛素抵抗中的作用.国外医学内科学分册.2000,27 (3): 115-118
[22] VanDer M IM.DeM nat MP.Hak AE.et a1.C-reactive protein predicts progression of atherosclerosis measuredal、rarious sites in the arterial tree:the Rotterdam study [J].Stoke,2002,33:2750.
[23] Curb JD.Abbott RD.Rodriguez BL,et a1.C-reactive protein and the futare risk of thromboembolie stroke in healthy men[J].Cimulation 2003,107:2016-2020.
[24] Festa a,D’Agostino I,Tracy RP,et a1.Elevated levels of acute-phase proteins and plasm inogen activator inhibitor-1 predict the development of type 2 diabetes:the insulin resistance atherosclerosis[J].Diabetes 2002,51:1131-1137.
[25] Pradhan AD,Mangon JE,Rifai N,et a1.C-reactive protein,interleukin6.and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].JAMA,2001,286(3):327- 334.
[26] Pasceri V,Cheng JS,Willerson JT,et a1.Modulation of C-reactive Protein mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein.1 induction in human endothelial cells by an tiatherosclerosis drugs [J].Circulation, 2001, 103(21):253l-2534.
[27] Zhan g YX,Clif WJ,SchoeⅡGI,et a1.Coronary C-reactive protein distri- bution:its relation to development of atherosclero-sis.Atherosclero- sis,1999,145(2):375 -379.
[28] Zwaka TP,Hombach V,Torzewski J.C-reactive protein.Mediated low density lipoprotein uptake by macrophages implications for atherosclerosis [J].Circulation,2001,103(9):l194-1197.
[29] Verma S,Kuliszewski MA,Li SH,et a1.C-reactive protein attenuates endothelial progenitor cell survival, differentiation,and function: further evidence of a mechanistic link between CRP and cardiovascular disease[J].Circulation,2004, 109(17):2058-2067.
[30] Verma S, Wang CH,Li SH,et a1.A self-fulfilling prophecy:C-reactive protein attenuates nitric oxide production and inhibits an giogenesis[J].Circulation,2002, 106 (8):913-919
[31] Bhakdi S,Torzewski M,Klouche M,et a1.Complement an d atherogenesis:binding of CRP to degraded,nonoxidized LDL enhances complement activation[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,1999,19(10):2348-2354.
[32] Devaraj S.Xu DY,Jialal I.C-reactive protein increases plasminogen activator inhibitor-l expression and activity in human aortic endothelial cells:implications for the metabolic syndrome and athero- thrombosis[J].Circulation,2003,107(3):398-340
[33] Erbagci AB,Tarakcioglu M,Coskun Y,et a1.Mediators of inflammation in children with type I diabetes mellitus:cytokines in type I diabetic children[J].Clin Biochem, 2001,34(8):645-650.
[34] Alessi MC,Bestelica D,Mavri A,et a1.Plasma PAI-1 levels are more strongly related to liver steatosis than to adipose tissue accumulation [J].Arterioscler Thromb VascBiol, 2003,23(7):1262-1268.
[35] Herlihy OM,Barrow BA,Grant PJ,et a1.Hyperglycaemic siblings of type II(non- insulin-dependent) diabetic patients have increased PAI-1,central obesity and insulin resistance compared with their paired nor-moglycaemic sibling[J]. Diabetologia, 2002,45(5):635-641.
[36] Tataranni P,Ortega E.Does an adipokine-induced activation of the immune system mediate the effect of overnutrition on type 2 diabetes?[J]. Diabetes,2005,54:917-927
[37] Wellen K,Hotamisligil G.Inflammation,stress,and diabetes[J].J Clin. Invest, 2005, 115: 1111-1119.
[38] Prio TK,Bruunsgaard H,Roge B,et a1.Asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly humans is associated with increased levels of circulating TNF receptors and elevated numors of neutrophils[J].Exp Gerontol 2002,37:693-699.
[39] Lacopino AM.Periodontitis and diabetes interrelation-ships:role inflammation [J].Ann Periodontol 2001,6:125-137.
[40] Pickup JC,Frepath D.Inflammation an d activated innate immunity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes[J].Diabetes Care,2004,27:813-823.
[41]李嘉强,译.炎性标志物与冠心病[J].心血管疾病进展,2003,24:235.
[42] Wmi-dms JK.Sukhova GK.Herrington DM,et a1.Pravastatin has eholesterol lowering independent effects oil the artery wall of atheroselerotic monkeys[J].Am J Coil Cardiol ,1998,31:684-691.
[43] Lin HZ,Yang SQ,Diem AM,et a1.Metformin reserves fatty liver disease in obese, leptin-deficient mice[J].Nat Med,2000,6:998-1003.
[44] Hauner H.The mode of action of thiazolidinediones[J].Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 2002, 18:10-15.
[45] Haffner SM,Green berg AS,Weston WM,et a1.Effect of rosiglitazone treatment on nontraditional markers of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].Circulation,2002,106(6):679-684.
[46] Sacks FM,Pfefer MA,Moye LA,et a1.The effect of pravastafion on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average eholesterol levels[J].N Zngl J Med 1996,335:1001-1009.
[47]高从容,邹大进,梅小斌,等.2型糖尿病患者血清高敏感C反应蛋白水平与大血管病变的关系及辛伐他汀的干预作用[J].上海医学,2004,27:61.
[48] Yudkin JS,Panaloo A,Stehouwer C,et a1.Insulin attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to thermal trauma[J].Mol Med,2002,8:443-450.
[49] Sehiefer B.Sehiefief E.Hilfiker-Kliner D.et a1.expression of all giotensin 11 and interleukin 6 in human coronary atheroselerotic plaques [J].Circulation 2000,101: 1372-1378.
[50] Devaraj S,Jialal I.Alpha tocopherol supplementation decreases serum C-reactive protein and monocyte interleukin-6 levels in nomal volunteers and type 2 diabetic patients[J].Free Radic Biol Med,2000,29:790-792.
[51]陆付耳,冷三华,屠庆年,等.黄连解毒汤与黄连素对2型糖尿病大鼠葡萄糖和脂质代谢影响的比较研究[J].华中科技大学学报(医学版) 2002,31(6):662-665.
[52]谭炎炎,陆付耳,徐丽君,等.黄连解毒汤对2型糖尿病大鼠细胞因子IL-4和IL-10水平的影响[J].微循环学杂志2005,15(3):44-45,49.
[53] Lyon C,Law R,Hsueh W.Adiposity,inflammation,and athero–genesis[J]. Endocrin- ology,2003,144:2195-2200.
[54] Sanchez-Recalde A,Carlos-Kaski J.Diabetes mellitus,inflammation and conmary athero-lerosis:current and future pempectives [J].Cardiol, 2001, 54(6):751-763.