部分常用中药功效规范化表述的初步研究
摘要
【目的】
单味中药功效规范化表述是临床中药学学科建设的重要内容和必要任务之一。古代中医药文献对中药功效的表述具有一定的随意性,因此不够规范;现代虽有很大改变,但对单味中药功效的记述亦不尽完善,难免存在某些错漏之处,给教学、科研、临床应用以及学术交流带来诸多不便。本课题以单味中药规范化表述立论,并对上述问题加以全面阐述,旨在使临床常用中药功效有一个较为准确、全面、公认的表述,不至于因表述方式不同而引起误解,或产生不必要的分歧,从而提升临床中药学的学术水平,促进中医药的教学、科研与临床工作。
【方法】
本课题采用文献研究的方法,从历代本草文献、历代方剂研究、药理研究及现代临床报道四个方面,对《中华人民共和国药典》(2005年版)、《中华本草》(精选本)及七版《中药学》教材中记述不规范的部分中药功效(如麻黄的“宣肺”、桂枝的“解肌”、葛根的“通利血脉”、藿香的“解暑”等等)进行系统研究,以考证源流,厘定正误或偏差,力求言之成理,持之有据,推之可行,并提出规范化建议。
【结果】
本课题通过较为深入、翔实的研究,使部分临床常用但其功效表述不准确或错漏的中药,基本廓清,并进而提出了规范化的初步建议。如麻黄的“宣肺平喘”功效,建议规范成“平喘止咳”;桂枝的“解肌”功效,建议规范为“解表”;葛根的“通利血脉”功效,应当肯定等等。
【结论】
现今一些中药著作中部分常用中药功效的表述欠规范,包括以上三本权威书籍,亦不例外。单味中药功效规范化表述涉及面广,研究内容多,是一项既有意义又有难度的工作,需要同行共同努力,才能完成。本论文仅是初步研究,以期指正。
Objects
Standardization relation of single Chinese medicinal herbs effect is one of the important contents of subject constucttion of clinical science of Chinese materia medica,also is one of the essential tasks.In ancient time,relations of Chinese medicinal herbs effect had definite random in literature of TCM,so had inadquate criterion.There are more changes in mordern time,but the relations of single Chinese medicinal herbs effect are not perfect.There are some wrongs and leaks,which produce many discommodities in teaching,science research,clinical application and learning communion.This thesis can be regarded as a standardization relation of single Chinese materia medica,and has complete expoud,in order to have a exact,complete and recognized relation about effect of clinical Chinese medicinal herbs which are in common useness,otherwise,there are many mistakes and diverges because of differense of relation.Consequently advance learning level of clinical science of Chinese materia medica,accelerate work of teaching,scientific research and clinical work of TCM
Methods
This thesis adopt method of literature research,form four aspects,such as herbs literature,formulae research of past dynasties,pharmacological research and mordern clinic report,and so on.To research with system some of effects of Chinese medicinal herbs from the pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China(2005 Edition),Chinese materia medica medica(choiceness Edition) and teaching material of science of Chinese materia medica(7th edith),such as dispersing the lung of Mhhuang,expelling pathogenic factors in the muscles of Guizhi.faciliating blood flow of Gegen,clearing away summer-heat of Huoxiang,and so on.To textually research headstream,confirm correct errors or windage,strive to make it reasonable,based feasible,and bring forward advice of standardition.
Results
Through thorough and accurate research,this thesis will make part of herbs,which effects are not correct,more and more legible,and bring forward primary advance of standardization.Such as effect of dispersing the lung to relieve asthma and cough,effect of expelling pathogenic factors in the muscles of Guizhi should be confirmed with relieving superficies,effect of faciliating blood flow of Gegen should be affirmative,and so on.
Conclutiong
Noweadays in some books of Chinese materia medica,there are part of effects of herbs in commonuse,which relations are short of criterion,including three authortitative books.Standardization relation of single Chinese medicinal herbs effect include many contents,which need to make great efforts together of craft brother,we can accomplish.This paper only is a pilot study,wish to be pointed out mistakes so that they can be corrected.
单味中药功效规范化表述是临床中药学学科建设的重要内容和必要任务之一。古代中医药文献对中药功效的表述具有一定的随意性,因此不够规范;现代虽有很大改变,但对单味中药功效的记述亦不尽完善,难免存在某些错漏之处,给教学、科研、临床应用以及学术交流带来诸多不便。本课题以单味中药规范化表述立论,并对上述问题加以全面阐述,旨在使临床常用中药功效有一个较为准确、全面、公认的表述,不至于因表述方式不同而引起误解,或产生不必要的分歧,从而提升临床中药学的学术水平,促进中医药的教学、科研与临床工作。
【方法】
本课题采用文献研究的方法,从历代本草文献、历代方剂研究、药理研究及现代临床报道四个方面,对《中华人民共和国药典》(2005年版)、《中华本草》(精选本)及七版《中药学》教材中记述不规范的部分中药功效(如麻黄的“宣肺”、桂枝的“解肌”、葛根的“通利血脉”、藿香的“解暑”等等)进行系统研究,以考证源流,厘定正误或偏差,力求言之成理,持之有据,推之可行,并提出规范化建议。
【结果】
本课题通过较为深入、翔实的研究,使部分临床常用但其功效表述不准确或错漏的中药,基本廓清,并进而提出了规范化的初步建议。如麻黄的“宣肺平喘”功效,建议规范成“平喘止咳”;桂枝的“解肌”功效,建议规范为“解表”;葛根的“通利血脉”功效,应当肯定等等。
【结论】
现今一些中药著作中部分常用中药功效的表述欠规范,包括以上三本权威书籍,亦不例外。单味中药功效规范化表述涉及面广,研究内容多,是一项既有意义又有难度的工作,需要同行共同努力,才能完成。本论文仅是初步研究,以期指正。
Objects
Standardization relation of single Chinese medicinal herbs effect is one of the important contents of subject constucttion of clinical science of Chinese materia medica,also is one of the essential tasks.In ancient time,relations of Chinese medicinal herbs effect had definite random in literature of TCM,so had inadquate criterion.There are more changes in mordern time,but the relations of single Chinese medicinal herbs effect are not perfect.There are some wrongs and leaks,which produce many discommodities in teaching,science research,clinical application and learning communion.This thesis can be regarded as a standardization relation of single Chinese materia medica,and has complete expoud,in order to have a exact,complete and recognized relation about effect of clinical Chinese medicinal herbs which are in common useness,otherwise,there are many mistakes and diverges because of differense of relation.Consequently advance learning level of clinical science of Chinese materia medica,accelerate work of teaching,scientific research and clinical work of TCM
Methods
This thesis adopt method of literature research,form four aspects,such as herbs literature,formulae research of past dynasties,pharmacological research and mordern clinic report,and so on.To research with system some of effects of Chinese medicinal herbs from the pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China(2005 Edition),Chinese materia medica medica(choiceness Edition) and teaching material of science of Chinese materia medica(7th edith),such as dispersing the lung of Mhhuang,expelling pathogenic factors in the muscles of Guizhi.faciliating blood flow of Gegen,clearing away summer-heat of Huoxiang,and so on.To textually research headstream,confirm correct errors or windage,strive to make it reasonable,based feasible,and bring forward advice of standardition.
Results
Through thorough and accurate research,this thesis will make part of herbs,which effects are not correct,more and more legible,and bring forward primary advance of standardization.Such as effect of dispersing the lung to relieve asthma and cough,effect of expelling pathogenic factors in the muscles of Guizhi should be confirmed with relieving superficies,effect of faciliating blood flow of Gegen should be affirmative,and so on.
Conclutiong
Noweadays in some books of Chinese materia medica,there are part of effects of herbs in commonuse,which relations are short of criterion,including three authortitative books.Standardization relation of single Chinese medicinal herbs effect include many contents,which need to make great efforts together of craft brother,we can accomplish.This paper only is a pilot study,wish to be pointed out mistakes so that they can be corrected.
引文
1.魏·吴普等述,清·孙星衍,孙冯翼辑.神农本草经[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1982,5
2.梁·陶弘景集,尚志钧辑校.名医别录[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1986,6
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4.南朝·雷敩撰.雷公炮制论[M].南京:江苏科技出版社,1985
5.唐·苏敬,李(?)撰.新修本草[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1985,10
6.唐·陈藏器著,尚志钧辑.本草拾遗[M].合肥:皖南医学院科研科印,1983
7.唐·孟诜撰,谢海洲等辑.食疗本草[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1986,3
8.唐·大明编撰,尚志钧辑校.日华子诸家本草[M].合肥:皖南医学院科研科印,1983
9.唐·甄权撰,尚志钧辑.药性论[M].合肥:皖南医学院科研科印,1983
10.宋·唐慎微撰,尚志钧等校点.证类本草[M].北京:华夏出版社,1993
11.宋·寇宗奭撰,颜正华等校点.本草衍义[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1990
12.元·李东垣编.珍珠囊补遗药性赋[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986,3
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14.元·徐彦纯撰.本草发挥[M].上海:上海中医药大学出版社,1994
15.明·兰茂著.滇南本草[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,1978,6
16.明·王纶撰.本草集要[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1994
17.明·刘文泰撰.本草品汇精要[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1982
18.明·陈嘉谟撰,王淑民等点校.本草蒙筌[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1988
19.明·李时珍撰,刘衡如校.本草纲目[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1993
20.明·杜文燮撰,焦耿芳校.药鉴[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1975
21.日·吉益东洞撰.药征[M].上海:上海科技出版红色,1992
22.明·贾九如撰.药品化义[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1996
23.明·李士材撰,曹炳章原编.雷公炮制药性解[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986,3
24.明·朱丹溪撰.本草衍义补遗[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1992,3
25.明·倪朱谟撰,郑金生校.本草汇言[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,2005,2
26.明·缪希雍撰,褚玄仁等点校.本草经疏[M].南京:江苏科技出版社,1993
27.明·李士材撰.本草征要[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1959
28.明·朱丹溪撰.本草正[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1959
29.明·蒋仪撰.药镜[M].上海:上海中医药大学出版社,1994
30.清·陈士铎撰.本草新编[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1996
31.清·汪昂撰,王新菊点校.本草备要[M].天津:天津科技出版社,1993
32.清·汪昂撰,吕广振等点校.本草易读[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1987,12
33.清·张璐撰.本经逢原[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1959
34.清·王子接撰.得宜本草[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1993
35.清·徐灵胎撰.神农本草经百种录[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1988
36.清·黄元御撰,麻瑞亭等校.长沙药解[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1990
37.清·黄元御撰,麻瑞亭等校.玉楸药解[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1990
38.清·吴仪洛撰.本草从新[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1982,4
39.清·严西亭撰.得配本草[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1961
40.清·赵学敏辑.本草纲目拾遗[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1983,1
41.清·琉球,吴继志著.质问本草[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,1984,3
42.清·张志聪撰,刘小平点校.本草崇原[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1992
43.清·黄宫绣撰,席与民点校.本草求真[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1987,8
44.清·陈修园撰.神农本草经读[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1959
45.清·邹润安撰.本草疏证[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1991
46.清·凌奂著.本草害利[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,1982,5
47.清·张秉成撰.本草便读[M].上海:上海卫生出版社,1958
48.清·周岩著.本草思辨录[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1984,3
49.曹元宇辑注.本草经[M].上海:上海科学记述出版社,1987,11
50.裴慎编著.本草骈比[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1982,10
51.张山雷撰.本草正义[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1995
2.梁·陶弘景集,尚志钧辑校.名医别录[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1986,6
3.梁·陶弘景集,尚志钧辑校.本草经集注[M].合肥:安徽科技出版社,1981
4.南朝·雷敩撰.雷公炮制论[M].南京:江苏科技出版社,1985
5.唐·苏敬,李(?)撰.新修本草[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1985,10
6.唐·陈藏器著,尚志钧辑.本草拾遗[M].合肥:皖南医学院科研科印,1983
7.唐·孟诜撰,谢海洲等辑.食疗本草[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1986,3
8.唐·大明编撰,尚志钧辑校.日华子诸家本草[M].合肥:皖南医学院科研科印,1983
9.唐·甄权撰,尚志钧辑.药性论[M].合肥:皖南医学院科研科印,1983
10.宋·唐慎微撰,尚志钧等校点.证类本草[M].北京:华夏出版社,1993
11.宋·寇宗奭撰,颜正华等校点.本草衍义[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1990
12.元·李东垣编.珍珠囊补遗药性赋[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986,3
13.元·王好古撰.汤液本草[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1956
14.元·徐彦纯撰.本草发挥[M].上海:上海中医药大学出版社,1994
15.明·兰茂著.滇南本草[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,1978,6
16.明·王纶撰.本草集要[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1994
17.明·刘文泰撰.本草品汇精要[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1982
18.明·陈嘉谟撰,王淑民等点校.本草蒙筌[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1988
19.明·李时珍撰,刘衡如校.本草纲目[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1993
20.明·杜文燮撰,焦耿芳校.药鉴[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1975
21.日·吉益东洞撰.药征[M].上海:上海科技出版红色,1992
22.明·贾九如撰.药品化义[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1996
23.明·李士材撰,曹炳章原编.雷公炮制药性解[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986,3
24.明·朱丹溪撰.本草衍义补遗[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1992,3
25.明·倪朱谟撰,郑金生校.本草汇言[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,2005,2
26.明·缪希雍撰,褚玄仁等点校.本草经疏[M].南京:江苏科技出版社,1993
27.明·李士材撰.本草征要[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1959
28.明·朱丹溪撰.本草正[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1959
29.明·蒋仪撰.药镜[M].上海:上海中医药大学出版社,1994
30.清·陈士铎撰.本草新编[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1996
31.清·汪昂撰,王新菊点校.本草备要[M].天津:天津科技出版社,1993
32.清·汪昂撰,吕广振等点校.本草易读[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1987,12
33.清·张璐撰.本经逢原[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1959
34.清·王子接撰.得宜本草[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1993
35.清·徐灵胎撰.神农本草经百种录[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1988
36.清·黄元御撰,麻瑞亭等校.长沙药解[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1990
37.清·黄元御撰,麻瑞亭等校.玉楸药解[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1990
38.清·吴仪洛撰.本草从新[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1982,4
39.清·严西亭撰.得配本草[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1961
40.清·赵学敏辑.本草纲目拾遗[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1983,1
41.清·琉球,吴继志著.质问本草[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,1984,3
42.清·张志聪撰,刘小平点校.本草崇原[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1992
43.清·黄宫绣撰,席与民点校.本草求真[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1987,8
44.清·陈修园撰.神农本草经读[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1959
45.清·邹润安撰.本草疏证[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1991
46.清·凌奂著.本草害利[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,1982,5
47.清·张秉成撰.本草便读[M].上海:上海卫生出版社,1958
48.清·周岩著.本草思辨录[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1984,3
49.曹元宇辑注.本草经[M].上海:上海科学记述出版社,1987,11
50.裴慎编著.本草骈比[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1982,10
51.张山雷撰.本草正义[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1995