天津南港工业区造陆工程施工管理及成本控制
|
摘要
紧缺的土地资源、人口增长和产业聚集等问题引起了对土地需求量的增大,给我国很多城市带来了不同程度的人地矛盾。因此,造陆工程正引起越来越多的关注。目前我国造陆工程尚处于起步阶段,技术和管理水平有待提高。造陆工程特殊的施工环境和施工工艺对施工管理水平提出了较高的要求。因此,为保证工程的工期、质量和成本目标,需要发挥有效的施工管理。特别地,对施工工艺加以合理改进和创新,是施工管理过程中有效控制成本的方法之一,应加以推广。
本论文阐述造陆工程中主要施工工艺和施工管理尤其是成本控制的要点。首先介绍了造陆工程在国内外的发展现状及前景,分析我国造陆工程发展应克服的障碍,即施工技术和管理水平的提高。然后对造陆工程主要施工工艺及管理和施工企业的成本控制相关理论进行介绍,并分析施工工艺对成本控制的影响。最后结合天津南港工业区造陆工程这一具体案例,对施工过程中一些重要的施工工艺及改进进行总结和经济分析,包括对隔埝工程、疏浚吹填工程和软基加固工程过程中一些重要的施工工艺的介绍;施工过程中,为保证质量、工期等要求对施工工艺的改进,如隔埝的加高、吹填方向的控制及软基处理前的浅层预处理和横向排水系统的改进,并对改进的效果和对成本控制的影响进行分析总结,识别成本控制要点,包括吹填标高的估计、对吹填土层的勘察和吹填方向的控制,吹填后形成的地形的把握等,进而得出节约成本的最优工程模式,以供此类工程参考和借鉴。
本论文通过将施工管理及成本控制相关理论的介绍和天津南港工业区实际案例结合,对施工中相关施工工艺及改进加以分析,总结成本控制要点,对于提高造陆工程施工工艺技术,加强成本控制,提高企业施工管理水平,推广造陆工程中最优的工程模式,进而推动造陆工程在我国的发展,具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。
With the land shortage of different degree of many cities in china caused by a lack of land resource and the increasing demand from population and industrial development, more and more attention is being paid on land reclamation project. Land reclamation in China, however, still develops at the early phase, with the level of techology and management need improving. The special construction environment casts higher requirement for methods and skills used to complete the project. The improvement in the construction methods should not only meet the need of quality and time of the project, but also be cost-saving. The proper improvement and creativity on construction methods to save cost should be introduced to other similar projects.
This paper mainly introduces some key points of construction methods and cost control for land reclamation project. Firstly we introduce the application and development of land reclamation in china and abroad as well, analyzing the difficulties includling the improvement construction methods and cost control of construction companies. Then theories about construction methods and cost control are introduced, based on which the influence of construction methods on cost control is demonstrated. Finally, we present the case of Tianjin nangang industrial district, concluing and conducting economic analysis for the main construction methods used in separated dam project, Dredging and filling projects and soft soil engineering. During the construction phase , part of construction methods have been improved in order to meet the requirement of quality and time, such as the increasing the height of separated dam, control of filling direction, pre-construction for shallow soil engineering, the improvement of horizontal drainage system and so on. We conclude and analyze those outcome and influence on cost control, identifying the key points for cost control, include evaluation of the filling height, the reconnaissance of soil composition , the control of filling direction and the filling terrain, so as to promote the best- construction-way that can be referred by similar projects.
This paper combine theories of construction methods and cost control with the case of Tianjin nangang industrial district, analyzing its construction methods and some improvement as well, finally concluding the best-construction-way of the project, which provides great value both theory and practice for improving construction methods and cost control and promoting the development of land reclamation in china.
本论文阐述造陆工程中主要施工工艺和施工管理尤其是成本控制的要点。首先介绍了造陆工程在国内外的发展现状及前景,分析我国造陆工程发展应克服的障碍,即施工技术和管理水平的提高。然后对造陆工程主要施工工艺及管理和施工企业的成本控制相关理论进行介绍,并分析施工工艺对成本控制的影响。最后结合天津南港工业区造陆工程这一具体案例,对施工过程中一些重要的施工工艺及改进进行总结和经济分析,包括对隔埝工程、疏浚吹填工程和软基加固工程过程中一些重要的施工工艺的介绍;施工过程中,为保证质量、工期等要求对施工工艺的改进,如隔埝的加高、吹填方向的控制及软基处理前的浅层预处理和横向排水系统的改进,并对改进的效果和对成本控制的影响进行分析总结,识别成本控制要点,包括吹填标高的估计、对吹填土层的勘察和吹填方向的控制,吹填后形成的地形的把握等,进而得出节约成本的最优工程模式,以供此类工程参考和借鉴。
本论文通过将施工管理及成本控制相关理论的介绍和天津南港工业区实际案例结合,对施工中相关施工工艺及改进加以分析,总结成本控制要点,对于提高造陆工程施工工艺技术,加强成本控制,提高企业施工管理水平,推广造陆工程中最优的工程模式,进而推动造陆工程在我国的发展,具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。
With the land shortage of different degree of many cities in china caused by a lack of land resource and the increasing demand from population and industrial development, more and more attention is being paid on land reclamation project. Land reclamation in China, however, still develops at the early phase, with the level of techology and management need improving. The special construction environment casts higher requirement for methods and skills used to complete the project. The improvement in the construction methods should not only meet the need of quality and time of the project, but also be cost-saving. The proper improvement and creativity on construction methods to save cost should be introduced to other similar projects.
This paper mainly introduces some key points of construction methods and cost control for land reclamation project. Firstly we introduce the application and development of land reclamation in china and abroad as well, analyzing the difficulties includling the improvement construction methods and cost control of construction companies. Then theories about construction methods and cost control are introduced, based on which the influence of construction methods on cost control is demonstrated. Finally, we present the case of Tianjin nangang industrial district, concluing and conducting economic analysis for the main construction methods used in separated dam project, Dredging and filling projects and soft soil engineering. During the construction phase , part of construction methods have been improved in order to meet the requirement of quality and time, such as the increasing the height of separated dam, control of filling direction, pre-construction for shallow soil engineering, the improvement of horizontal drainage system and so on. We conclude and analyze those outcome and influence on cost control, identifying the key points for cost control, include evaluation of the filling height, the reconnaissance of soil composition , the control of filling direction and the filling terrain, so as to promote the best- construction-way that can be referred by similar projects.
This paper combine theories of construction methods and cost control with the case of Tianjin nangang industrial district, analyzing its construction methods and some improvement as well, finally concluding the best-construction-way of the project, which provides great value both theory and practice for improving construction methods and cost control and promoting the development of land reclamation in china.
引文
[1]张伟.吹填施工在海洋滩涂围垦工程中的应用.施工技术, 2009, Vol.38: 465-466.
[2]杨忠.疏浚吹填技术在水利工程中的应用.水利科技与经济, 2008, Vol.14, No. 11, 943-944.
[3] E.F.J.de Mulder, A.J.van Bruchem, F.A.M.Claessen, et al. Environmental impact assessment on land reclamation projects in The Netherlands: A case history. Engineering Geology, 1994,Vol.37, No.1: 15-23.
[4]杨彩燕,张鸿雁.珠三角河口地区填海造地的思路与方法.水运工程, 2006, No.9:51-53.
[5]刘志增.港口工程施工过程中降低成本的措施.港工技术, 2004, No.2: 33-34.
[6]张伟玲,李仁昌.工程项目管理与成本控制之浅析.建筑与预算,2010,No.4,5.
[7]吴高尚.浅议吹填造陆工程的施工工艺及质量控制.港口科技,2010,No.7,17-19,25.
[8] Buddhima Indraratna, Xueyu Geng, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn. Review of methods of analysis for the use of vacuum preloading and vertical drains for soft clay improvement. Geomechanics and Geoengineering: An International Journal, 2010, Vol. 5, No.4: 223-236.
[9] S.L.Zhu, Z.H.Miao. Recent development and improvement of vacuum preloading for improving soft soil. Proceedings of the ICE-Ground Improvement, Vol.6, No.2: 79-83.
[10]于晓婷.软土地基加固处理施工工艺与造价分析.铁路工程造价管理,2009,Vol.24,No.9,34-36.
[11] Ali H.Mahfouz, Liu Han-Long, Gao Yufeng, et al. Microstructure study of soft clayey soil under consolidation by vacuum preloading method. Geomechanics and Geoengineering: An International Journal, 2007, Vol.2, No.2: 97-108.
[12] C.Gao.Vacuum. Preloading method for improving soft soils of higher permeability. Proceedings of the ICE-Ground Improvement, 2004, Vol.8, No.3: 101-107.
[13]范须顺.真空预压法软基加固施工中若干问题的概述.港口工程,1995,No.4,17-20, 45.
[14]陈穗茵,李文雄.浅谈我国建筑施工管理的概况.山西建筑,2008, Vol.34, No.3:225-226.
[15]邓龙照,张兆华.真空预压在大型填海造陆工程中的应用.水运工程, 2006,No.9:102-105.
[16]寇穗丽.浅谈工程工程成本管理中存在的问题及对策.经营管理,2010,77.
[17] Albert P.C. Chan, David Scott, Ada P.L. Chan. Factors affecting the success of a construction project. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2004, Vol.130, No.1: 153-155.
[18]王泓.浅谈施工企业项目成本控制.科技情报开发与经济.2005 ,No.15,200-202.
[19]毕玉增,李丽梅.施工项目成本控制.水科学与工程技术,2009,No.4,55-56.
[20]苏振魁.吹填土地基工程特性及加固处理方法研究.科技创新导报,2010,No.18,126.
[21]王兴元,赵铁生.大型火电项目建设成本影响因素分析评价及对策研究.管理工程学报,1991, Vol.5, No.4:29-38.
[22]杨勃,李英杰.建筑工程施工成本管理.工业建筑, 2009, Vol.39:1137-1139.
[23]马勇,王雪飞,林翰觉.施工过程中的造价控制.水利水电技术, 2010, Vol.41, No.5: 66-67.
[24]刘升福,丁向前.工程项目成本控制的程序、关键、原则及途径.建设机械技术与管理, 2006,No.8,108-111.
[25]周琼芳,许可.建筑工程项目成本的有效控制与管理措施分析探讨.四川建材,2010,No.1,201-204.
[26] Hans Knoepfel. Cost and quality control in the project cycle. International Journal of Project Management, 1989, Vol.7, No.4: 229-235.
[27]孙远军.论施工企业的项目成本控制.城市道桥与防洪,2010,No.8,204-206.
[28] Guiwen Liu, Qiping Shen, Heng Li, et al. Factors constraining the development of professional project management in China’s construction industry. International Journal of Project Management. 2004, No.22:203-211.
[29]赵琳娜,高文辉,郭威.施工管理中的成本控制.建筑与预算,2009,No.3,6.
[30]李永琨,李云林.浅谈建筑工程质量与工程成本的关系.山西建筑,2004, Vol.30, No.9, 75-76.
[31] Saad H.Al-Jibouri. Monitoring systems and their effectiveness for project cost control in construction. International Journal of Project Management, 2003,Vol.21, No.2: 145-154.
[32]周辉,郭小枚.浅谈影响基层工程造价的因素以及控制方法.山西建筑,2010,Vol.36,No.16,228-229.
[33] Guiwen Liu, Qiping Shen, Heng Li, et al. Factors constraining the development of professional project management in china’s construction industry. International Journal of Project Management, 2004, Vol.22, No.3: 203-211.
[2]杨忠.疏浚吹填技术在水利工程中的应用.水利科技与经济, 2008, Vol.14, No. 11, 943-944.
[3] E.F.J.de Mulder, A.J.van Bruchem, F.A.M.Claessen, et al. Environmental impact assessment on land reclamation projects in The Netherlands: A case history. Engineering Geology, 1994,Vol.37, No.1: 15-23.
[4]杨彩燕,张鸿雁.珠三角河口地区填海造地的思路与方法.水运工程, 2006, No.9:51-53.
[5]刘志增.港口工程施工过程中降低成本的措施.港工技术, 2004, No.2: 33-34.
[6]张伟玲,李仁昌.工程项目管理与成本控制之浅析.建筑与预算,2010,No.4,5.
[7]吴高尚.浅议吹填造陆工程的施工工艺及质量控制.港口科技,2010,No.7,17-19,25.
[8] Buddhima Indraratna, Xueyu Geng, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn. Review of methods of analysis for the use of vacuum preloading and vertical drains for soft clay improvement. Geomechanics and Geoengineering: An International Journal, 2010, Vol. 5, No.4: 223-236.
[9] S.L.Zhu, Z.H.Miao. Recent development and improvement of vacuum preloading for improving soft soil. Proceedings of the ICE-Ground Improvement, Vol.6, No.2: 79-83.
[10]于晓婷.软土地基加固处理施工工艺与造价分析.铁路工程造价管理,2009,Vol.24,No.9,34-36.
[11] Ali H.Mahfouz, Liu Han-Long, Gao Yufeng, et al. Microstructure study of soft clayey soil under consolidation by vacuum preloading method. Geomechanics and Geoengineering: An International Journal, 2007, Vol.2, No.2: 97-108.
[12] C.Gao.Vacuum. Preloading method for improving soft soils of higher permeability. Proceedings of the ICE-Ground Improvement, 2004, Vol.8, No.3: 101-107.
[13]范须顺.真空预压法软基加固施工中若干问题的概述.港口工程,1995,No.4,17-20, 45.
[14]陈穗茵,李文雄.浅谈我国建筑施工管理的概况.山西建筑,2008, Vol.34, No.3:225-226.
[15]邓龙照,张兆华.真空预压在大型填海造陆工程中的应用.水运工程, 2006,No.9:102-105.
[16]寇穗丽.浅谈工程工程成本管理中存在的问题及对策.经营管理,2010,77.
[17] Albert P.C. Chan, David Scott, Ada P.L. Chan. Factors affecting the success of a construction project. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2004, Vol.130, No.1: 153-155.
[18]王泓.浅谈施工企业项目成本控制.科技情报开发与经济.2005 ,No.15,200-202.
[19]毕玉增,李丽梅.施工项目成本控制.水科学与工程技术,2009,No.4,55-56.
[20]苏振魁.吹填土地基工程特性及加固处理方法研究.科技创新导报,2010,No.18,126.
[21]王兴元,赵铁生.大型火电项目建设成本影响因素分析评价及对策研究.管理工程学报,1991, Vol.5, No.4:29-38.
[22]杨勃,李英杰.建筑工程施工成本管理.工业建筑, 2009, Vol.39:1137-1139.
[23]马勇,王雪飞,林翰觉.施工过程中的造价控制.水利水电技术, 2010, Vol.41, No.5: 66-67.
[24]刘升福,丁向前.工程项目成本控制的程序、关键、原则及途径.建设机械技术与管理, 2006,No.8,108-111.
[25]周琼芳,许可.建筑工程项目成本的有效控制与管理措施分析探讨.四川建材,2010,No.1,201-204.
[26] Hans Knoepfel. Cost and quality control in the project cycle. International Journal of Project Management, 1989, Vol.7, No.4: 229-235.
[27]孙远军.论施工企业的项目成本控制.城市道桥与防洪,2010,No.8,204-206.
[28] Guiwen Liu, Qiping Shen, Heng Li, et al. Factors constraining the development of professional project management in China’s construction industry. International Journal of Project Management. 2004, No.22:203-211.
[29]赵琳娜,高文辉,郭威.施工管理中的成本控制.建筑与预算,2009,No.3,6.
[30]李永琨,李云林.浅谈建筑工程质量与工程成本的关系.山西建筑,2004, Vol.30, No.9, 75-76.
[31] Saad H.Al-Jibouri. Monitoring systems and their effectiveness for project cost control in construction. International Journal of Project Management, 2003,Vol.21, No.2: 145-154.
[32]周辉,郭小枚.浅谈影响基层工程造价的因素以及控制方法.山西建筑,2010,Vol.36,No.16,228-229.
[33] Guiwen Liu, Qiping Shen, Heng Li, et al. Factors constraining the development of professional project management in china’s construction industry. International Journal of Project Management, 2004, Vol.22, No.3: 203-211.