基于小波分析的水泵初生汽蚀的超声特性研究
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摘要
随着我国国民经济的发展,南水北调工程的开工,一大批大、中型水泵机组将投入长期运行,其安全可靠性尤为重要。因此,安全可靠性已越来越成为大、中型水泵机组的重要指标。影响水泵机组工作安全可靠性的因素很多,汽蚀是其中的重要因素之一。
水泵汽蚀问题,从20世纪至今,一直是水力机械科学的一项重要研究课题,世界各国做了大量的研究工作。在泵运行过程中,若在汽蚀的初生阶段就能及时发现汽蚀现象,则可以采取一些有效措施,以减少汽蚀对泵的冲蚀破坏,延长泵的使用寿命。
本文主要针对汽蚀初生的噪声和超声波特性,从理论和实验两方面作了探讨性研究。其中实验包括试验方案的确定、信号的采集、信号的分析几个方面。在信号分析过程中,从信号除噪、幅域分析、频域分析、小波分析、小波包分析、信号重构几方面着手,得出了汽蚀初生时空化噪声强度、频率分布等方面的规律。
Along with the start of south-to-north water diversion project, there will be a number of large and middle pumping stations to be in long-term service, of which security is more important. Therefore, security has been the index to value the large and middle pumping stations. There are many factors which can influence large and middle pumping stations' security, in which cavitation is one of the most important.From the 20 centuries, cavitation was always the important research problem in hydraulic mechanism science. To solve it, researchers worldwide have done large numbers of work. If cavitation can be detected in its early period during the pumping stations works, effective measures can be taken to reduce the cavitation breakage and prolong the life-span of pumping stations.This dissertation mostly researches the noisy and ultrasonic characteristic from theory and experimental ways when cavitation occurs early. The experiment includes the choice of experimental scheme、 the collecting and processing of signal, etc. Through wiping off noise from signal、 time domain and frequency domain analysis、 wavelet analysis、 wavelet package analysis, the law of cavitation noise intension and frequency distributing are found.
水泵汽蚀问题,从20世纪至今,一直是水力机械科学的一项重要研究课题,世界各国做了大量的研究工作。在泵运行过程中,若在汽蚀的初生阶段就能及时发现汽蚀现象,则可以采取一些有效措施,以减少汽蚀对泵的冲蚀破坏,延长泵的使用寿命。
本文主要针对汽蚀初生的噪声和超声波特性,从理论和实验两方面作了探讨性研究。其中实验包括试验方案的确定、信号的采集、信号的分析几个方面。在信号分析过程中,从信号除噪、幅域分析、频域分析、小波分析、小波包分析、信号重构几方面着手,得出了汽蚀初生时空化噪声强度、频率分布等方面的规律。
Along with the start of south-to-north water diversion project, there will be a number of large and middle pumping stations to be in long-term service, of which security is more important. Therefore, security has been the index to value the large and middle pumping stations. There are many factors which can influence large and middle pumping stations' security, in which cavitation is one of the most important.From the 20 centuries, cavitation was always the important research problem in hydraulic mechanism science. To solve it, researchers worldwide have done large numbers of work. If cavitation can be detected in its early period during the pumping stations works, effective measures can be taken to reduce the cavitation breakage and prolong the life-span of pumping stations.This dissertation mostly researches the noisy and ultrasonic characteristic from theory and experimental ways when cavitation occurs early. The experiment includes the choice of experimental scheme、 the collecting and processing of signal, etc. Through wiping off noise from signal、 time domain and frequency domain analysis、 wavelet analysis、 wavelet package analysis, the law of cavitation noise intension and frequency distributing are found.
引文
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[2] 孙寿.水泵汽蚀及其防治.北京:水利水电出版社,1989
[3] 刘小兵等.空泡在任意流场中的运动研究.水动力学研究与进展,1994,9(2):150～162
[4] 张有敬等.空泡机理研究进展.高压水射流,1984,(2):9～13
[5] Knapp R T, et al. Cavitation. McGraw Hill Book Co., 1970
[6] Hammitt F G. Cavitation and Multiphase Flow Phenomena. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1980
[7] Keudrick A L. Technique of Cavitation, Noise Research. Symposium on Cavitation Research Facilities and Techniques, 1964
[8] 蔡文洁.压电陶瓷声压传感器在水流空化研究中的应用[硕士论文].清华大学水电系,1981
[9] Keller A. The Influence of the Cavitation Nucleus Spectrum on Cavitation Inception, Investigated With a Scattered Light Counting Method. Trans. ASME, J. Basic Engr, 1972, 94(4)
[10] 潘森森.空化机理的近代研究.力学进展,1979
[11] Keller A P, et al. Comparative Cavitation Tests Under Consideration of Tensile Strength of Water. Int. Workshop on Cavitation. Wuxi, China, Apr. 1989
[12] 杨志明.初生空化的对比试验中德合作研究项目.水动力学研究与进展,1994,9(1):96～103
[13] 倪汉根.孔板泄洪洞初生空化数的估计.水动力学研究与进展,1995,10(4):419～428
[14] 胡明龙.紊动剪切流中气核振荡对空化的作用.水动力学研究与进展,1994,9(2):182～189
[15] 孟国庆.气蚀和气蚀射流.高压水射流,1983,(1):1～11,(2):13～25
[16] Thiruvengadam A. A Comparative Evaluation of Cavitation Damage Test Devices. A. D. 425-725, 1963
[17] 裴拉耶夫著,华中工学院水力机械教研室译.水轮机气蚀.北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[18] 黄继汤等.挟沙水流中混凝土等脆性材料及一些金属材料抗空蚀性能的试验研究.见:1983 年全国水电中青年科技干部报告会论文选集.北京:水利电力出版社,1985
[19] Mousson J M. Pitting Resistance of Matels Under Cavitation Conditions. Trans. ASME, 59, 1937
[20] Bardin, et al. Oil Well Drilling Augmented by Cavitation Damage. Proc. 9th Intei. Symp. on Jet Cutting Technology, Sendai, Japan, 1988
[21] 潘森森.“空化”条.见:中国大百科全书(力学卷).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1985:273～274
[22] 梁川,吴持恭.空蚀初生的模糊综合评判.水手科学进展,1997.4
[23] 程正兴.小波分析算法与应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998
[24] 成礼智,工红霞,罗永.小波的理论与应用.北京:科学出版社,2004
[25] 沈松.小波分析在动态信号处理是的工程应用研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,1997
[26] 崔景态.小波分析导论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1995
[27] 储训.泵站汽蚀现场监测研究.水泵技术,1994.5
[28] 王涛.水电机组空蚀在线监测系统的研究.大电机技术,2002.6
[29] 李吉太.离心泵汽蚀噪声分析.水泵技术,1992.4
[30] Conn A F, et al. The Fluid Dynamics of Submerged Cavitating Jet Cutting. Proc. 5th Intel. Symp. on Jet Cutting Technology, Hanover, Germany, 1980
[31] 黄景泉等.空化噪声的实验研究.水动力学研究与进展,1988,3(4):8～15
[32] 孙寿.水泵气蚀研究的现状[J].水泵技术,1995,(3):39-46.
[33] 武延祥.流空化噪声的谱特性[J].声学技术,1992,11(3):9-12.
[34] 梁川,吴持恭.空蚀初生的模糊综合评判.水科学进展,1997(4)
[35] 汪培庄.模糊集合论及其应用.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1983.83～87
[36] 周昌静,郝点.压力脉动法诊断离心泵汽蚀的试验研究.水泵技术,2004.2
[37] 闻邦春.高等转子动力学理论技术与应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[38] 施鸿宝.神经网络及其应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1993
[39] 杨景灿.发电机故障诊断专家系统的模糊推理模型.电站系统工程 1995,11(6)
[40] 杨叔子等.人工智能与诊断专家系统[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1990
[41] 陈卫钢,周建中.基于专家系统的水电机组振动故障诊断研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002.6
[42] 丁军.基于虚拟仪器的的水泵机组振动监测及故障诊断技术研究[硕士学位论文].2004.
[43] 杨乐平.LabVIEW程序设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[44] 陈光大,蔡维由.基于虚拟仪器开发平台的中小型机组在线振动监测系统[J].中国农村水利水电,2002(7)
[45] 刘君华.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[46] Roemer M, Mauney D. Turbine-generator Maintenance Outage Optimization [J]. Predictive Mainyenance Technology National Conference, 1998, Nov. Indiana, USA.
[47] 钟佑明,秦树人,汤宝平.一种振动信号新变换法的研究[J].振动工程学报,2002.6
[48] 王承,何志伟,许东芹.虚拟仪器——现代仪器发展的新阶段[J].测控技术,2001,20(10):9～11.
[49] 吴宏岐.虚拟仪器及其实现技术[J].陕西工学院学报,2001,17(2):24～27.
[50] 戴红梅,胡仁杰.Internet上的虚拟仪器[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2001,(4):41～43.
[51] 裘伟廷.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器与虚拟实验[J].现代科学仪器,2002,(3):20～23.
[52] 赵鹏,王晓春,马骥.虚拟仪器的探讨与实践[J].基础自动化,2001,8(5):51～53.
[53] 樊思晨,李进宝.架构自己的虚拟仪器[J].山西机械,2000,(2):15～16.
[54] 魏相华,张士文,赵继敏.虚拟仪器的发展现状和前景[J].工业控制计算机.2001,14(3):1～3.
[55] 周小勇.故障信号检测的小波基本选择方法.控制工程,2003.4.
[56] R. C. M. Yam, P. W. Tse, L. Li. Intelligent Predictive Decision Support System for Condition-Based Maintenance[J]. Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2001:383～391
[57] Biesheuvel A, Van Wingaarden L. Two-phase flow equation for a dilute dispersion of cavitation noise. J Fluid Mech, 1984,148:304-318
[58] Gibson D C. Cavitation adjacent to plane boundaries. Proc 3rd Conf Hydraul Fluid Mech, Syndey P R, Austr Inst Engrs, 1968,210-214
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