含氟废气处理系统装置研究
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摘要
连续波DF/HF化学激光器运转产生的尾气中含有HF、DF等含F的有毒酸性气体,如果直接排放到大气中,会严重污染环境,影响激光器操作人员的健康。因此,在尾气排放到大气之前,必须对尾气进行洗消,以去除其中的有害气体。
本文首先介绍了DF/HF化学激光器的工作原理,氟元素对于环境和生物体的危害性,以及蒸汽(燃气)引射系统的噪声污染,并简要综述了DF/HF化学激光器现有的尾气处理方案。
研究了采用真空罐排气的尾气处理方案和紧凑型激光器的尾气处理方案,给出了基于干法洗消和湿法洗消原理的吸收塔原理和基本结构,给出了干法洗消吸收塔充填量的计算方法。探讨了紧凑型激光器的尾气处理和降噪方案,得出:通过在尾气流中喷入液态水是一种有效的洗消和降噪方法,能够与激光器的引射系统有效地结合,并同时实现洗消和降噪。
介绍了对喷水降噪至关重要的喷雾喷嘴的基本原理,选购了合适的喷雾喷嘴,研制了高压水试验设备,进行了喷嘴喷雾的实验。给出了紧凑型化学激光器尾气处理装置的理论设计方案,给出了消声效率和基本参数的计算方法,设计的降噪装置至少可以实现31dB的降噪量。
The exhaust gas of cw DF/HF chemical laser contains Fluoride materials such as HF and DF. These poisonous and acid gases will greatly endanger environment and health of staff. So the exhaust gas must be scrubbed before entering the atmosphere.
At first, the principle of DF/HF chemical laser, the harm of Fluoride to environment and man, the harm inserted by gas dynamic noise were introduced.
The exhausted gas manage scheme based on vacuum tank was studied, the principle and structure of the scrubber tower based on dry and wet neutralization was investigated. The method to calculate mass of soda lime was brought forward. The exhausted gas manage scheme of compact chemical laser and the muffling technique was discussed. The conclusion is that inject liquid water into exhausted gas is an efficiency muffling method, compatible with ejector, and can realize neutralization and muffling at the same time.
The principle of spray nozzle was introduced, several nozzles have been bought, high pressure water tank experiment apparatus have been build, and the experiment of spray nozzle have been carried out. Theoretical design for compact laser's muffling system was given, the efficiency of silencer and its basic parameters were given. It is estimated that the apparatus designed will obtain attenuation of 31 dB.
本文首先介绍了DF/HF化学激光器的工作原理,氟元素对于环境和生物体的危害性,以及蒸汽(燃气)引射系统的噪声污染,并简要综述了DF/HF化学激光器现有的尾气处理方案。
研究了采用真空罐排气的尾气处理方案和紧凑型激光器的尾气处理方案,给出了基于干法洗消和湿法洗消原理的吸收塔原理和基本结构,给出了干法洗消吸收塔充填量的计算方法。探讨了紧凑型激光器的尾气处理和降噪方案,得出:通过在尾气流中喷入液态水是一种有效的洗消和降噪方法,能够与激光器的引射系统有效地结合,并同时实现洗消和降噪。
介绍了对喷水降噪至关重要的喷雾喷嘴的基本原理,选购了合适的喷雾喷嘴,研制了高压水试验设备,进行了喷嘴喷雾的实验。给出了紧凑型化学激光器尾气处理装置的理论设计方案,给出了消声效率和基本参数的计算方法,设计的降噪装置至少可以实现31dB的降噪量。
The exhaust gas of cw DF/HF chemical laser contains Fluoride materials such as HF and DF. These poisonous and acid gases will greatly endanger environment and health of staff. So the exhaust gas must be scrubbed before entering the atmosphere.
At first, the principle of DF/HF chemical laser, the harm of Fluoride to environment and man, the harm inserted by gas dynamic noise were introduced.
The exhausted gas manage scheme based on vacuum tank was studied, the principle and structure of the scrubber tower based on dry and wet neutralization was investigated. The method to calculate mass of soda lime was brought forward. The exhausted gas manage scheme of compact chemical laser and the muffling technique was discussed. The conclusion is that inject liquid water into exhausted gas is an efficiency muffling method, compatible with ejector, and can realize neutralization and muffling at the same time.
The principle of spray nozzle was introduced, several nozzles have been bought, high pressure water tank experiment apparatus have been build, and the experiment of spray nozzle have been carried out. Theoretical design for compact laser's muffling system was given, the efficiency of silencer and its basic parameters were given. It is estimated that the apparatus designed will obtain attenuation of 31 dB.
引文
[1]R.W.F.格罗斯,J.F.博特.化学激光手册.北京:科学出版社,1987
[2]庄琦,桑凤亭,周大正.短波长化学激光.北京:国防工业出版社,1997
[3]曹建明.喷雾学.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[4]方丹群.空气动力学噪声与消声器.北京:科学出版社,1978
[5]B.M.拉姆.气体吸收.北京:化学工业出版社,1985
[6]张青莲.无机化学丛书(第六卷).北京:科学出版社,1995
[7]阿列玛索夫B.E.等.火箭发动机原理.北京:宇航出版社,1993
[8]V.杨,W.E.安德松.液体火箭发动机燃烧不稳定性.北京:科学出版社,2001
[9]D.T.哈杰,F.H.里尔登等.液体推进剂火箭发动机不稳定燃烧.北京:国防工业出版社,1980
[10]长沙工学院103教研室编.液体火箭发动机推力室设计基础.内部资料,1976
[11]沈赤兵,周进,王振国,等.三组元喷嘴雾化特性的试验研究.推进技术,1999,1999,20(5)
[12]廖义德,邱鸿利,黄 艳,李壮云.离心喷嘴设计方法研究,石油化工设备,2003,32(3)
[13]周猛,庄逢辰.离心喷嘴雾化特性的理论计算.推进技术,1991,Aug
[14]金如山.喷嘴雾化研究.北京航空航天大学学报.,1989,3
[15]洪德贵.含氟废气处理设备.磷肥与复肥—冲击管吸收器,2004,19(6)
[16]廖义德等.离心喷嘴设计方法研究,石油化工设备,2003,5
[17]王家楣,彭峰.废气燃烧器结构对流动和排放物浓度的影响,清华大学学报,2005,第5期
[18]曹建明等,柴油与LPG/柴油双燃料喷雾特性的对比,交通运输工程学报,2003,6
[19]章句才.工业噪声测量指南,北京:计量出版社,1984
[20]陈秀娟.工业噪声控制,北京:化学工业出版社,1981
[21]郭秀兰主编.工业噪声治理技术,北京:中国环境科学出版社,1993
[22]方丹群.空气动力性噪声与消声器,北京:科学出版社,1978
[23]A.VanDerZiel.噪声的来源特性和测量,北京:人民邮电出版社,1982
[24]赵坚行.热动力学装置排气污染与噪声,北京:科学出版社,1995
[25]张成译.噪声控制与消声设计,北京:国防工业出版社,1982
[26]李景辰.压力容器基础知识,北京:劳动人事出版社,1986
[27]丁伯民、蔡仁良.压力容器设计原理及工程应用,北京:中国石化出版社,1992
[28]王心明.工程压力容器设计与计算,北京:国防工业出版社,1986
[29]黄嘉琥.压力容器材料实用手册—特种材料,北京:化学工业出版社,1994
[30]刘湘秋.压力容器常用结构尺寸计算手册,北京:机械工业出版社,1994
[31]姜肇中等.玻璃纤维应用技术,北京:中国石化出版社,2004
[32]伯恩斯坦等.不锈钢手册,北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[2]庄琦,桑凤亭,周大正.短波长化学激光.北京:国防工业出版社,1997
[3]曹建明.喷雾学.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[4]方丹群.空气动力学噪声与消声器.北京:科学出版社,1978
[5]B.M.拉姆.气体吸收.北京:化学工业出版社,1985
[6]张青莲.无机化学丛书(第六卷).北京:科学出版社,1995
[7]阿列玛索夫B.E.等.火箭发动机原理.北京:宇航出版社,1993
[8]V.杨,W.E.安德松.液体火箭发动机燃烧不稳定性.北京:科学出版社,2001
[9]D.T.哈杰,F.H.里尔登等.液体推进剂火箭发动机不稳定燃烧.北京:国防工业出版社,1980
[10]长沙工学院103教研室编.液体火箭发动机推力室设计基础.内部资料,1976
[11]沈赤兵,周进,王振国,等.三组元喷嘴雾化特性的试验研究.推进技术,1999,1999,20(5)
[12]廖义德,邱鸿利,黄 艳,李壮云.离心喷嘴设计方法研究,石油化工设备,2003,32(3)
[13]周猛,庄逢辰.离心喷嘴雾化特性的理论计算.推进技术,1991,Aug
[14]金如山.喷嘴雾化研究.北京航空航天大学学报.,1989,3
[15]洪德贵.含氟废气处理设备.磷肥与复肥—冲击管吸收器,2004,19(6)
[16]廖义德等.离心喷嘴设计方法研究,石油化工设备,2003,5
[17]王家楣,彭峰.废气燃烧器结构对流动和排放物浓度的影响,清华大学学报,2005,第5期
[18]曹建明等,柴油与LPG/柴油双燃料喷雾特性的对比,交通运输工程学报,2003,6
[19]章句才.工业噪声测量指南,北京:计量出版社,1984
[20]陈秀娟.工业噪声控制,北京:化学工业出版社,1981
[21]郭秀兰主编.工业噪声治理技术,北京:中国环境科学出版社,1993
[22]方丹群.空气动力性噪声与消声器,北京:科学出版社,1978
[23]A.VanDerZiel.噪声的来源特性和测量,北京:人民邮电出版社,1982
[24]赵坚行.热动力学装置排气污染与噪声,北京:科学出版社,1995
[25]张成译.噪声控制与消声设计,北京:国防工业出版社,1982
[26]李景辰.压力容器基础知识,北京:劳动人事出版社,1986
[27]丁伯民、蔡仁良.压力容器设计原理及工程应用,北京:中国石化出版社,1992
[28]王心明.工程压力容器设计与计算,北京:国防工业出版社,1986
[29]黄嘉琥.压力容器材料实用手册—特种材料,北京:化学工业出版社,1994
[30]刘湘秋.压力容器常用结构尺寸计算手册,北京:机械工业出版社,1994
[31]姜肇中等.玻璃纤维应用技术,北京:中国石化出版社,2004
[32]伯恩斯坦等.不锈钢手册,北京:机械工业出版社,1987
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